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MCPHS Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3 with verified answers

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MCPHS Anatomy and Physiology Exam 3 with verified answers

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MCPHS Anatomy and Physiology
Exam 3 with verified answers

Functions of the muscular system: - correct answer ✔Movement of the body
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Maintenance of posture |||||| ||||||




Respiration
Production of body heat |||||| |||||| ||||||




Communication
Constriction of organs and vessels |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Contraction of heart |||||| ||||||




Three Es and a C: Properties of muscle tissue - correct answer ✔Contractility - ability of a
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muscle to shorten with force
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Excitability - capacity of a muscle to respond to a stimulus |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Extensibility - muscle can stretch beyond normal resting length and be able to contract
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Elasticity - ability of muscle to recoil to original resting length after stretched
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3 types of muscle - correct answer ✔Skeletal - voluntary
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Smooth - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous system
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Cardiac - controlled involuntarily by endocrine and autonomic nervous system
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Epimysium - correct answer ✔CT that surrounds whole muscle |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Perimysium - correct answer ✔loose CT surrounding a group of muscle fibers; passage for
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




blood vessels and nerves
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,Endomysium - correct answer ✔loose CT separating individual muscle fibers within each |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




fasicle


Fiber anatomy - correct answer ✔Large, multinucleated
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1-4 mm avg length
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Have striated appearance
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Number of fibers is relatively constant after birth |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




- Get larger, but not more
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cardiac muscle - correct answer ✔Only in heart |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Striated
Each cell has 1 nucleus
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Intercalated disks and gap junctions |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Autorhythmic
Action potentials of longer curation and refractory period
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Ca2+ regulated contraction
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smooth. muscle - correct answer ✔Not striated, small fibers |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Spindle-shaped, single, central nucleus |||||| |||||| ||||||




More actin than myosin, cross-bridging occurs
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Ca2+ required to initiate contraction
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Wavy


Sarcolemma - correct answer ✔plasma membrane, surround sarcoplasm (cytoplasm) |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Transverse tubules (T tubules) - correct answer ✔inward folds of sarcolemma; project into
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




interior of muscles |||||| ||||||

, Sarcoplasmic reticulum - correct answer ✔specialized smooth ER; store calcium |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




terminal cisternae - correct answer ✔Enlarged portion od SR adjacent to T tubules
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Myofibrils - correct answer ✔protein filament bundles; contain myofilaments that cause
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contraction


Myofilament - correct answer ✔actin and myosin |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Actin - correct answer ✔thin
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2 strands of F actin form double helix extending length of myofilament; composed of G
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actin monomer that has active site, bind myosin during contraction
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Tropomyosin - elongated protein along the groove of F actin double helix - BLOCK binding |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




site G actin
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Troponin - 3 subunits: bind actin, binds tropomyosin, bind calcium ions|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Troponin/tropomyosin complex regulates interaction between active sites on G actin and |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




myosin


myosin - correct answer ✔thick |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Shaped like golf clubs, consist of heave chains wound together to form rod portion lyin
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parallel to myosin microfilament and 2 myosin heads that extend laterally
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Heads: can bind active sites on actin to form cross-bridge, attach to rod portion bt hinged
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region that can bed during contraction, ATPase enzymes (break down ATP to release
|||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




energy)


sarcomeres - correct answer ✔basic functional unit of fiber - smallest part that can contract |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Sarcomeres give striated appearance |||||| |||||| ||||||

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