4/24/25, 3:32 AM Lecture 1 - Etiology, evaluation and treatment of digital deformities
Lecture 1 - Etiology, evaluation and treatment of digital deformities
NEWEST VERSION 2025 \\COMPLETE
ASSESSMENT WITH ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS \\VERIFIED ANSWERS
\GRADED A+
Terms in this set (101)
First Side of PPT
Lecture 1
Footwear, arthritic, trauma / What are the 6 etiologies of digital deformities?
iatrogenic, congenital,
neurologic, biomechanics
footwear (High heels - What etiology of digital deformities?
stretching of plantar plate,
plantar MTP ligaments, all
stretched because hallux is
extended... over time can
lead to an alteration of the
MTPJ
functioning kinematics)
What congenital deformity?
Clinodactylyl (75% of
patients with Down
syndrome)
Biomechanics (medial What etiology of digital deformity?
column abnormality can
influence lesser metatarsus
leading to digital
malalignment and
eventually deformity)
/ 1/18
,4/24/25, 3:32 AM Lecture 1 - Etiology, evaluation and treatment of digital deformities
Strikes 2 degrees varus Explain the gait cycle
To midstance, body weight
propels posterior to over the
foot, foot goes into
pronatory adaptor (calc
everts, foot accepts body
weight)
Now, to prep for propulsion,
heel starts to supinate (rigid
lever arm)
Collapse of How does pronation effect the foot?
medial arch
Dorsiflexion
ABduction
Eversion
TDH - FHL, FDL, PTT (medial How do the deep posterior muscles help during gait in
to STJ axis), resupinate terms of supination and pronation?
pronated mid tarsal and
subtler joints
As FHL and FDL are How does pronation effect the deep posterior muscles during
continuously firing, gait?
biomechanical changes occur
at the digits
O: in FDL tendon What is the origin and insertion of the lumbricals?
I: attaches into extensor
hood (Medial bases of
proximal phalanges and
extensor expansion of
digits 2-5)
(Innervation: 1st by
common digital M plantar
branch, 2-4 deep division
of L plantar nerve)
**rare to have soft tissue O and
I
Medial to joint axis Where are the lumbricals located cross-sectionally? Significance
(ADDuction) in OPEN chain?
/ 2/18
, 4/24/25, 3:32 AM Lecture 1 - Etiology, evaluation and treatment of digital deformities
Plantar to joint axis (FLEX
MTJ, also extend P and
DIPJ)
Medial to joint Where are the lumbricals located
axis Plantar to cross-sectionally? Significance in
joint axis CLOSED chain?
Stablize MTPJ through
extensor hood attachment
and prevents PIPJ buckling.
Stablizing the digit, when
the foot goes into
propulsion it stabilizes
digits on
ground, and MT PF relative
to digits as heel lift occurs.
Loss of balance at the MTPJ. What happens in a pronated foot with the lumbrical / long flexor
Flexor stablization mediated balance?
digital deformities.
Pronated foot has deep
extrinsic flexors (FDL,
FHL) stabilizing foot to keep
upright, but with its
downstream effects -
digitally, they overpower
the lumbricals (which are
supposed to stabilize the
MTPJ) and can lead to
digital deformities.
Lumbricals, stabilize MTPJ What are the dynamic stabilizers of the digits? Explain.
through extensor hood
attachment and prevent PIPJ
buckling
Flexor stabilization What is the most common cause of digital deformities?
With _ MTPJ extension (deformity, pronated), it attenuates, losing
Passive
lumbrical
stabilizing activity
/ 3/18
Lecture 1 - Etiology, evaluation and treatment of digital deformities
NEWEST VERSION 2025 \\COMPLETE
ASSESSMENT WITH ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND
DETAILED ANSWERS \\VERIFIED ANSWERS
\GRADED A+
Terms in this set (101)
First Side of PPT
Lecture 1
Footwear, arthritic, trauma / What are the 6 etiologies of digital deformities?
iatrogenic, congenital,
neurologic, biomechanics
footwear (High heels - What etiology of digital deformities?
stretching of plantar plate,
plantar MTP ligaments, all
stretched because hallux is
extended... over time can
lead to an alteration of the
MTPJ
functioning kinematics)
What congenital deformity?
Clinodactylyl (75% of
patients with Down
syndrome)
Biomechanics (medial What etiology of digital deformity?
column abnormality can
influence lesser metatarsus
leading to digital
malalignment and
eventually deformity)
/ 1/18
,4/24/25, 3:32 AM Lecture 1 - Etiology, evaluation and treatment of digital deformities
Strikes 2 degrees varus Explain the gait cycle
To midstance, body weight
propels posterior to over the
foot, foot goes into
pronatory adaptor (calc
everts, foot accepts body
weight)
Now, to prep for propulsion,
heel starts to supinate (rigid
lever arm)
Collapse of How does pronation effect the foot?
medial arch
Dorsiflexion
ABduction
Eversion
TDH - FHL, FDL, PTT (medial How do the deep posterior muscles help during gait in
to STJ axis), resupinate terms of supination and pronation?
pronated mid tarsal and
subtler joints
As FHL and FDL are How does pronation effect the deep posterior muscles during
continuously firing, gait?
biomechanical changes occur
at the digits
O: in FDL tendon What is the origin and insertion of the lumbricals?
I: attaches into extensor
hood (Medial bases of
proximal phalanges and
extensor expansion of
digits 2-5)
(Innervation: 1st by
common digital M plantar
branch, 2-4 deep division
of L plantar nerve)
**rare to have soft tissue O and
I
Medial to joint axis Where are the lumbricals located cross-sectionally? Significance
(ADDuction) in OPEN chain?
/ 2/18
, 4/24/25, 3:32 AM Lecture 1 - Etiology, evaluation and treatment of digital deformities
Plantar to joint axis (FLEX
MTJ, also extend P and
DIPJ)
Medial to joint Where are the lumbricals located
axis Plantar to cross-sectionally? Significance in
joint axis CLOSED chain?
Stablize MTPJ through
extensor hood attachment
and prevents PIPJ buckling.
Stablizing the digit, when
the foot goes into
propulsion it stabilizes
digits on
ground, and MT PF relative
to digits as heel lift occurs.
Loss of balance at the MTPJ. What happens in a pronated foot with the lumbrical / long flexor
Flexor stablization mediated balance?
digital deformities.
Pronated foot has deep
extrinsic flexors (FDL,
FHL) stabilizing foot to keep
upright, but with its
downstream effects -
digitally, they overpower
the lumbricals (which are
supposed to stabilize the
MTPJ) and can lead to
digital deformities.
Lumbricals, stabilize MTPJ What are the dynamic stabilizers of the digits? Explain.
through extensor hood
attachment and prevent PIPJ
buckling
Flexor stabilization What is the most common cause of digital deformities?
With _ MTPJ extension (deformity, pronated), it attenuates, losing
Passive
lumbrical
stabilizing activity
/ 3/18
