Test Bank For Diversity and Society: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender 6th Edition By Joseph F. Healey, Andi Stepnick |All Chapters |Latest A+

Test Bank For Diversity and Society: Race, Ethnicity, and Gender 6th Edition By Joseph F. Healey, Andi Stepnick |All Chapters |Latest A+ Page 1 Chapter 1 Diversity in the United States: Questions and Concepts Test Bank and Answer Key 1. The fastest growing groups in the United States are: A) Asian and Pacific Islanders B) Non-Hispanic white Americans C) Irish Americans D) African Americans E) Africans 2. The population of the United States is currently: A) Affected by long-standing unresolved minority issues B) Affected by rising immigration rates C) Increasingly diverse D) Increasingly multilingual E) All of the above 3. Which of the following is NOT one of the defining charactersitics of a minority group? A) Inequality B) A pattern of disadvantage or inequality C) Visible identifying traits or characteristics D) Small group size E) Usually determined by birth 4. By definition, a minority group is always a group: A) Smaller in number than the dominant group B) Residentially segregated from the dominant group C) Singled out for differential and unequal treatment D) Distinguishable from the dominant group by its racial characteristics E) Distinguished from the dominant group by its ethnic origins 5. Which of the following would be classified as primarily an ethnic minority group? A) African Americans B) Native Americans C) Jewish Americans D) Asian Americans E) None of the above Page 2 6. The social or physical characteristics that mark the boundaries between groups are usually: A) Highly visible B) Selected by the minority groups themselves C) Scientifically significant D) Selected for their biological importance E) All of the above 7. Which of the following is NOT an example of a cultural trait that may be associated with minority status? A) Language B) Facial features C) Religion D) Types of foods eaten E) Speech patterns 8. Which of the following characteristics is NOT typical of ascribed status? A) It is usually acquired at birth B) It typically cannot be changed easily C) It is usually involuntary D) It can be altered through hard work and motivation E) It is usually for life 9. Laws on miscegenation referred to laws that: A) Prevented people from passing as members of another race B) Prevented people of different races from eating together in public restaurants C) Prevented members of different races from intermarrying D) Prevented members of different races from going to the same schools E) Prevented members of the same sex from marrying 10. Stratification is another term for: A) Prejudice B) Discrimination C) The unequal distribution of valued goods and services D) Status symbol E) All of the above Page 3 11. Marxism is a complex theory of history and social change in which ________ is a central concept of concern. A) Inequality B) Prejudice C) Fame or respect D) International war E) Consensus 12. "The most important source of inequality arises from a person's relationship to the means of production." This statement is most likely to be heard from a: A) Capitalist B) Weberian C) Libertarian D) Marxist E) Republican 13. According to Marx, the means of production in an agricultural society would include: A) Factories B) Social class C) Wealth D) Land E) Banks 14. In Marxist terms, the elite class in an industrial society would be the: A) Bourgeoisie B) Proletariat C) Workers D) Minority groups E) Women 15. Max Weber thought that Marx's ideas about inequality were too: A) Narrow B) Optimistic C) Complex D) Abstract E) Pessimistic Page 4 16. In opposition to Marx, Weber argued that there are _________ dimensions of inequality. A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four E) Dozens 17. Gerhard Lenski is important because he linked the nature of inequality to the ______________ of a society. A) Group structure B) Amount of prestige C) Wealth D) Level of development E) Castes 18. According to Lenski, inequality in an agricultural society centers on control of: A) Education opportunities B) Factories and mines C) Colleges and universities D) Land and labor E) Status and prestige 19. Which of the following individuals is most closely associated with the concept of a "matrix of domination"? A) Muzafer Sherif B) Patricia Hill Collins C) Gerhard Lenski D) Gunnar Myrdal E) none of the above 20. Variations in human skin color: A) Balance the dangers of exposure to sunlight with the need for vitamin D B) Have no relationship to climate or geography C) Are inversely related to the concentration of melanin: the greater the melanin, the lighter the skin D) Are related to the distance from the equator: the closer to the equator, the lighter the skin E) Have clear and definite points of demarcation Page 5 21. Women can be viewed as a minority group because: A) There are fewer women than men in the United States B) They are physically identifiable as different from men C) They have a consciousness of being "inferior" to men D) They have less property, prestige, and power in our society E) Both b and d 22. An important trend in recent research on American minority groups is to consider _____________ as an important factor in shaping the experiences of minority group members. A) Age B) Education C) Religion D) Gender E) Sexual preference 23. The thinking aspect of prejudice is called the: A) Affective prejudice B) Emotional prejudice C) Behavioral prejudice D) Cognitive prejudice E) Racist prejudice 24. Which of the following is NOT an example of affective prejudice? A) Fear and anger B) Overgeneralization about a group C) Repulsion and hatred D) Contempt E) Disturst 25. The concept of social distance best reflects: A) Stereotypes B) Prejudice C) Economic factors D) How close we stand near to a person from another culture E) The degree of intimacy we are willing to accept in his/her relations with members of other groups Page 6 26. A person refuses to hire a Mexican American. This is an example of: A) Prejudice B) Institutional discrimination C) Individual discrimination D) Legal discrimination E) Prejudice leading to institutional discrimination 27. In the 1930s, LaPiere's experiences traveling around the U.S. with a Chinese couple provided evidence to suggest that prejudice is: A) Cultural B) Rational C) Emotional D) Situational E) Inevitable 28. The Robber's Cave experiment supports the idea that prejudice can be caused by: A) Lax supervision of young people B) Extremely strict rules and regulations C) Conflict situations between groups D) Competition E) Conflict between individuals 29. When entire groups are treated unfairly and unequally in the institutions of the larger society, this is called: A) Institutional discrimination B) Prejudice C) Racism D) Society prejudice E) Personal discrimination 30. Michelle is a poor African American woman. Her race, class, and gender may combine to produce a unique kind of inequality. The concept that describes this phenomenon is known as: A) Matrix of domination B) Marx's class oppression C) Minority group D) Triple discrimination E) Triple melting pot Page 7 31. Minority group members tend to be ______________: they tend to marry within their own groups. A) exogamous B) endogamous C) heterogamous D) homogamous E) none of the above 32. Which of the following social thinkers argued that the most important source of inequality in society was the system of economic production? A) Emile Durkheim B) Auguste Comte C) Karl Marx D) Max Weber E) Talcott Parsons 33. _Bogardus (1933) specified seven degrees of social distance. Which of the following is not one of these seven degrees? A) To close kinship by marriage B) To employment in my occupation C) To my club as personal chums D) To my street as neighbors E) To my school as teachers 34. Over the past three decades, the number of immigrants arriving in the United States each year has significantly increased. A) True B) False 35. Minority groups are disadvantaged usually as the result of the actions of another group or groups who benefit from the arrangement. A) True B) False 36. The awareness of minority group members of their differentiation from the dominant group provides the basis for strong bonds and a sense of group solidarity. A) True B) False Page 8 37. Interracial marriages were illegal in some states in the United States until the late 1960s. A) True B) False 38. Marx believed that the ultimate result of class struggle would be the victory of the working class and a classless society. A) True B) False 39. Marxism as a theory has been totally disproved and is no longer important as a source of insight into group relations. A) True B) False 40. Max Weber distinguished three different sources of stratification in society. A) True B) False 41. According to the text, Max Weber thought it was important to analyze stratification within the level of development of a society such as whether it is an agricultural or postindustrial society. A) True B) False 42. In the United States, minority group status has been and continues to be one of the most important determinants of life chances. A) True B) False 43. The major limitation of racial typologies is that they cannot provide clear dividing lines between racial groups. A) True B) False 44. Jane is prejudiced if she treats a person in a negative way because of that person‟s membership in a particular group. A) True B) False Page 9 45. Prejudice has at least two dimensions: an affective or “emotional” dimension and a cognitive or “thinking” dimension. A) True B) False 46. Stereotypes are central to the affective dimension of prejudice. A) True B) False 47. Research using social distance scales demonstrates that Americans rank other groups in similar ways across time and space. A) True B) False 48. Discrimination and prejudice do not necessarily occur together. A) True B) False 49. Ideological racism is a belief system that asserts that a particular group is inferior. A) True B) False 50. Ideological racism is the societal equivalent to individual discrimination. A) True B) False 51. Institutional discrimination is always obvious, overt, and consciously intended. A) True B) False 52. The most important characteristic of a subordinate minority group is that a more powerful group dominates it. A) True B) False Page 10 53. Unlike race, gender has both a biological and a social component. A) True B) False 54. The state laws against miscegenation were declared unconstitutional in the late 1960s. A) True B) False 55. According to the latest U.S. census, about 20% of the population is “mixed.” A) True B) False 56. Marx expanded Weber‟s view of inequality by identifying three separate stratification systems. A) True B) False 57. The skin color of any group balances the need for vitamin D and the need for melanin to protect against UV rays. A) True B) False 58. The trait that identifies minority group membership is an achieved status, and minority group status usually is involuntary and for life. A) True B) False 59. What is a minority group? Cite and explain the defining characteristics, paying special attention to “patterns of disability and disadvantage” and “visible characteristics.” By this definition, are women a minority group? Why or why not? How about left-handed people? Americans with disabilities? Gay and lesbian Americans? Could these groups be defined as minority groups? Justify your decision. 60. “History generally has been and is written from the standpoint of the „winners.‟” Explain this statement and provide detailed examples to support your essay. Page 11 61. Explain what is meant by stratification. Summarize some of the important theories regarding the nature of stratification. Why is stratification an important concept in the study of minority groups? What are the significant connections between stratification and minority group status? 62. "If people would just change their attitudes about minorities then would discrimination be a thing of the past." Using concepts from your reading, explain why ending individual prejudice would not end racial inequality in society. 63. What is the “competition” approach to prejudice? What explanations of prejudice are included? What significant research has been conducted in this tradition, and what evidence has been established in support of these theories? What are the strengths and limitations of these theories? Page 12 Answer Key 1. A 2. E 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. E 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. E 26. C 27. D 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. E 34. A 35. A 36. A 37. A 38. A 39. B 40. A 41. B 42. A 43. A 44. B Page 13 45. A 46. A 47. A 48. A 49. A 50. B 51. A 52. A 53. B 54. A 55. B 56. B 57. A 58. B 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. Page 1 Chapter 2 Assimilation and Pluralism: From Immigrants to White Ethnics to White Americans Test Bank and Answer Key 1. The _______________ metaphor sees assimilation as benign and egalitarian, a process that emphasizes sharing and inclusion. A) Anglo-conformity B) Americanization C) Melting pot D) Ethnic enclave E) Middleman minority 2. When the integration into the primary sector becomes substantial, the basis for _________ third stage of assimilation is established. A) Gordon's B) Park's C) Becker's D) Blauner's E) Noel's 3. Which of the following theories argues that status attainment is a direct result of educational levels, personal values and skills, and other individual characteristics and abilities? A) Social exchange theory B) Human capital theory C) Park's assimilation theory D) Gordon's assimilation theory E) None of the above 4. According to the text, Italians of the third and fourth generations are virtually identical to: A) Chinese Americans B) Mexican Americans C) WASPs D) African Americans E) Eastern European Americans Page 2 5. It was _______________ that concluded that U.S. society in the 1960s actually incorporated not three, but four melting points, each of which were internally subdivided by social class. A) Park B) Marx C) Herberg D) Gordon E) Blau 6. As late as 1920, _____ percent of employed Irish-born women in the U.S. worked as domestics. A) 18 B) 27 C) 41 D) 63 E) 81 7. ____________ work was the second most prevalent form of employment among Irishborn women as late as 1920. A) Factory B) Domestic C) House D) Office E) Farming 8. It is estimated that between 1899 and 1924, about 2.1 million Italians left the U.S. while almost ____ million arrived. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5 9. The Pennsylvanie Dutch or the ______________, a religious community, are also a culturally pluralistic group. A) Hollanders B) Brits C) Mennonites D) Amish E) None of the above Page 3 10. Which of the following groups is considered a middleman minority? A) Cuban Americans B) Chinese Americans C) Korean Americans D) Indian Americans E) All of the above 11. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, there was a notable increase in the visibility of and interest in white ethnic heritage, an upsurge often referred to as the: A) White Supremacy movement B) ethnic revival C) ethclass D) ethnogenesis E) none of the above 12. The process of assimilation could be illustrated by: A) Immigrants celebrating the holidays of their native country B) The great-grandson of an immigrant changing his name back to the original spelling C) A minority group member being expelled from high school because of fighting D) An immigrant learning the language of her new country E) An immigrant refusing to speak English with her family 13. A politican states in a campaign speech that "it is inevitable that our group differences will disappear as we grow and mature as a society." This statement echoes the thinking of: A) Robert Park B) Milton Gordon C) Andrew Greely D) Robert Blauner E) Karl Marx 14. Which of the following categories is considered part of the primary sector of the social structure? A) Businesses B) Schools C) Families D) Bureaucracies E) Labor unions Page 4 15. When _______________ assimilation occurs, two or more groups come to share common attitudes, values, and lifestyles. A) Cultural B) Structural C) Generational D) Fluid competitive E) Intergenerational 16. In Milton Gordon's theory of assimilation, the crucial step is from: A) Integration to acculturation B) Acculturation to integration C) Assimilation to pluralism D) Anglo-conformity to the melting pot E) Integration to intermarriage 17. Kennedy studied multicultural intermarriage and described a phenomenon she called a "triple melting pot," referring to the multicultural intermarriage within three separate groups: A) African Americans, European Americans, and Jews B) Native Americans, Hispanics, and African Americans C) Jews, Muslims, and Buddhists D) Protestants, Catholics, and Jews E) Mormons, Jews, and Catholics 18. Which intermarriage best illustrates Kennedy's concept of the "triple melting pot?" A) A marriage between an Irish Catholic woman and a Russian Jewish man B) An interracial marriage between an African American man and an European American woman C) A marriage between an Irish Catholic man and an Irish Protestant woman D) A marriage between a Native American woman and a French Protestant man E) A marriage between a Polish Jewish man and a Russian Jewish woman 19. An increase of interest in pluralism has recently been stimulated by the apparent failure of ________________ to occur in U.S. society. A) Anglo-conformity B) Ethnogenesis C) Equality D) Assimilation E) The triple melting pot Page 5 20. The concept of multiculturalism includes: A) The idea of mutual respect for all groups and heritages B) The ultimate goal that we will all be one nationality-Americans C) The intermarriage of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews D) Segregation from people who are "racially inferior" to you E) Being tolerant toward people who are less accomplished than you 21. A third type of pluralism that reversed Gordon's first two stages would be: A) Acculturation without pluralism B) Acculturation without separatism C) Integration without acculturation D) Integration without equality E) Separatism without integration 22. Which of the following best illustrates an "enclave minority?" A) "Chinatown," located in San Francisco B) A Native American reservation in South Dakota C) Isolated ethnic stores in a run-down urban area D) An Amish community in rural Ohio E) A commune in a college town 23. One of the first to support pluralism, newspaper editor ______________ argued in The Nation in 1915 that the existence of separate ethnic groups - even with separate cultures, religions, and languages - could be quite conistent with a democratic political system. A) Robert Park B) Milton Gordon C) Horace Kallen D) Stephen Steinberg E) Karl Marx 24. Marital assimilation or intermarriage is Gordon's ______________ stage of assimilation. A) first B) second C) fourth D) third E) fifth Page 6 25. _____________________ pluralism exists when a group has acculturated but not integrated. A) Segmented B) Cultural C) Structural D) Multicultural E) none of the above 26. The idea that ethnic identity can serve as an organizing principle for group conflict is associated with: A) Roberth Park B) Milton Gordon C) Horace Kallen D) Stephen Steinberg E) Ruby Kennedy 27. Which theorists are most likely to have said "The point about the melting pot is that it didn't happen." A) Marx and Glazer B) Glazer and Moynihan C) Moynihan and Marx D) Gordon and Park E) Park and Marx 28. Movement from acculturation to integration is the crucial step in the assimilation process according to: A) Park B) Marx C) Gordon D) Moynihan E) Glazer 29. Which of the following is the most important factor of success according to status attainment theory? A) Coming from a wealthy family B) Working hard C) Getting a good education D) Superior intellect E) Religious beliefs that are consistent with American values Page 7 30. Which of the following are the key components of "ethclass"? A) Gender and class B) Gender and race C) Class and ethnicity D) Class and race E) Ethnicity and gender 31. The single largest ancestry group in the United States is: A) Irish American B) German American C) Italian American D) Mexican American E) French American 32. Structural pluralism exists when groups have not acculturated and each maintains its own identity. A) True B) False 33. The experiences of female immigrants have been well documented and reflect those of their male counterparts. A) True B) False 34. Assimilation is the process in which formerly distinct and separate groups come to share a common culture and merge together socially. A) True B) False 35. The United States is the epitome of a “melting pot” of people of different cultures coming together to create a unique society. A) True B) False 36. Assimilation in the United States generally has been a coercive and one-sided process described as Anglo-Conformity. A) True B) False Page 8 37. Robert Park believed that assimilation is inevitable in a democratic and industrial society and follows a predictable cycle. A) True B) False 38. The secondary sector includes interpersonal relationships that are intimate and personal, such as families and groups of friends. A) True B) False 39. During acculturation, members of the minority group coming to the U.S. might adopt the English language, change their eating habits, acquire new value systems, or change their names. A) True B) False 40. According to Milton Gordon, marital assimilation is evidence of the completion of assimilation. A) True B) False 41. According to Milton Gordon, acculturation into a new society guaranteed that integration would occur. A) True B) False 42. Although European Americans did not totally intermarry, there is evidence of patterns of a “triple melting pot,” with intermarriage within various groups of Protestants, Catholics, and Jews. A) True B) False 43. Gordon recognized that in addition to intermarriage within religions, social class and race also intersected, forming what he called “ethclass.” A) True B) False Page 9 44. Structural pluralism exists when groups have not acculturated and each maintains its own identity. A) True B) False 45. A “middleman minority” establishes its own neighborhood and relies on a set of interconnected businesses for its economic survival. A) True B) False 46. The goal of separatism is for the group to sever all ties with the larger society. A) True B) False 47. Pluralism is often couched in the language of multiculturalism, a term for a variety of programs and ideas that stress mutual respect for all groups and for the multiple heritages that shaped the U.S. A) True B) False 48. An example of cultural assimilation or acculturation would be an immigrant from India changing their eating habits to "American foods" such as hamburgers and French fries instead of curry and rice. A) True B) False 49. An example of integration at the secondary level is intermarriage with members of the dominant group on a large-scale basis. A) True B) False 50. Human capital theory is inconsistent with American values. A) True B) False Page 10 51. In a typical "immigrant chain," European immigrant women would come to American, earn money, and establish themselves. Then, they would send for others from their villages to join them. A) True B) False 52. “Sojourners,” or “birds of passage,” is the term used to refer to immigrants who intended to remain in the U.S. to accumulate wealth and then return to the old country. A) True B) False 53. In general, immigrant females outnumbered males, as women had better luck in getting factory, teaching, and domestic jobs. A) True B) False 54. Only 60% of first generation Latinos speak only English. A) True B) False 55. Between 1820s and 1920s, about 100 million people crossed the Atlantic to come to the United States. A) True B) False 56. Park’s theory addresses issues of upward mobility for immigrant groups in terms of the resources and cultural characteristics of the members of the groups, especially their levels of education and familiarity with English. A) True B) False 57. The phenomenon known as the triple melting pot refers to a pattern of structural assimilation within each of the three religions. A) True B) False Page 11 58. Glazer and Moynihan concluded, “the point about the melting pot is that it did not happen.” A) True B) False 59. Compare and contrast assimilation and pluralism. How are they alike and different? What forms can assimilation take? What forms can pluralism take? 60. Briefly summarize Gordon’s theory of assimilation. Identify each of his first three major stages and explain the relationships between them. Be sure to distinguish between secondary structural integration and primary structural integration. 61. Compare and contrast each of the three types of pluralism cited in the text: cultural, structural, and integration without acculturation. 62. Compare and contrast middleman and enclave minority groups. Provide examples of each. 63. Discuss how religion, social class, and gender shaped the patterns of European immigration in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Page 12 Answer Key 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. E 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. E 11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. E 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B 36. A 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. A 41. B 42. A 43. A 44. B Page 13 45. B 46. A 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. B 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. A 58. A 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank Chapter 3: The Development of Dominant-Minority Group Relations in Preindustrial America: The Origins of Slavery Multiple Choice 1. By the ________, slavery, the practice of owning another person, had been clearly defined in law and in custom. a. 1650s b. 1720s *c. 1750s d. 1550s Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Slavery in America; p. 106 Question Type: MC 2. Which of the following is considered a colonized minority group? *a. African Americans b. Italian Americans c. Cuban Americans d. Japanese Americans e. Irish Americans Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Colonized Minority Groups; p. 111 Question Type: MC 3. U.S. citizenship was expressly forbidden to immigrants from ________ until World War II. a. Mexico b. Japan c. Germany d. Ireland *e. China Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Immigrant Minority Groups; p. 112 Question Type: MC 4. A key feature of ________ is a low rate of overt conflict. a. an estate system *b. paternalism c. a rigid competitive system d. a fluid competitive system e. none of the above Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Paternalistic Relations; p. 114 Question Type: MC 5. Slavery was a caste system, or ________ stratification system. Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank a. an open *b. a closed c. a flexible d. a fluid e. a pliable Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closed System; p. 114 Question Type: MC 6. How does Noel’s third variable explain why Africans were enslaved instead of other groups? a. Africans were well-organized social units a with vast knowledge of the countryside. b. Africans were already indentured servants and well trained. c. Africans did not negotiate better treatment. *d. Africans had no nearby relatives, no geographical knowledge of the area, and no secure escape refuge. e. Africans had nearby relatives and had geographical knowledge of the area. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Creation of Slavery in the United States; p. 113 Question Type: MC 7. Which of the following statements about the caste system is true? a. Systematic inequalities are not apparent in the caste system. b. Slavery is not part of the caste system, or closed stratification system. c. The caste system is an open stratification system. d. There is mobility between social positions, and their ascribed status is not permanent. *e. There is no mobility between social positions, and their ascribed status is permanent. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closed System; p. 114 Question Type: MC 8. According to the text, the single most important factor in the development of dominant–minority relations is ________. a. the size of the dominant group b. the degree of industrialization in the larger society c. whether the dominant group is assimilationist or pluralistic *d. the nature of the contact situation e. the degree of mutual ethnocentrism Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closed System; p. 105 Question Type: MC 9. The first laws defining slavery in colonial America were enacted in ________. a. 1492 b. 1519 c. 1619 *d. the 1660s e. the 1750s Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Slavery in America; p. 106 Question Type: MC 10. According to the Noel hypothesis, what will be the result of contact between groups that features ethnocentrism, competition between groups, and a differential in power? a. Assimilation *b. Some system of inequality between the groups c. Some conflict followed by cultural pluralism d. Integration without acculturation e. Warfare Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Noel Hypothesis; p. 109 Question Type: MC 11. The plantation elite designed and enacted an elaborate system of laws and customs that gave masters total legal power over slaves. In these laws, slaves were defined as ________. a. hypothec b. children *c. chattel d. servants e. none of the above Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Chattel Slavery; p. 114 Question Type: MC 12. Robert Blauner’s theory of dominant–minority relations stresses the importance of ________. *a. the initial contact situation b. prejudice and racist ideology c. people’s attitudes and willingness to get along d. education e. mutual ethnocentrism Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Blauner Hypothesis; pp. 110–111 Question Type: MC 13. In Colonial America, American Indians were not enslaved. According to Noel’s hypothesis, this was because . . . *a. Little differential in power between colonists and the American Indians remained b. There was no competition between colonists and American Indians c. The colonists were, by and large, opposed to slavery d. The colonists felt no ethnocentrism against American Indians e. The colonists preferred white indentured servants, who were more available and reliable Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Noel’s Third Variable; p. 112 Question Type: MC Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank 14. Which of the following would NOT typically be found in a paternalistic system of group relations? a. A caste system b. A rural agricultural economy c. Forced acceptance of the dominant group culture *d. Extensive residential segregation e. Nearly total power by law and custom over the minority group Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Paternalistic Relations; p. 114 Question Type: MC 15. Most scholars agree that . . . a. Antiblack prejudice was an important cause of American slavery *b. Antiblack prejudice was a result of American slavery c. Intense antiblack prejudice and racism existed in England before the start of the slave trade d. Antiblack prejudice declined as slavery began to take shape in colonial times e. Antiblack prejudice was based on the mutual ethnocentrism between colonists and Africans Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prejudice and Racism; p. 117 Question Type: MC 16. The movement to abolish slavery in the U.S. was called ________. a. mutual ethnocentrism b. Quakerism c. humanitarianism *d. abolitionism e. revolution Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Powerlessness and Resistance; p. 115 Question Type: MC 17. What method did slaves use to resist their masters? a. Intentional carelessness b. Sabotage c. Work slowdowns d. Dragging their feet *e. All of the above Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Powerlessness and Resistance; p. 115 Question Type: MC 18. During slavery, which group was in triple jeopardy? a. African American men b. Asian American men c. European American men *d. African American women e. Hispanic men Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender Relations; p. 119 Question Type: MC 19. The population of American Indians in the continental United States decreased dramatically by 1890 because ________. a. warfare and battles led to casualties b. of interracial marriage c. of assimilation *d. American Indians died from a variety of infectious diseases e. American Indians migrated westward Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: American Indians; p. 123 Question Type: MC 20. In 1763, the British Crown declared American Indian tribes to be ________. a. extinct b. democracies c. allies of the French *d. sovereign nations e. enemies of England Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: American Indians and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 123 Question Type: MC 21. The colonists did not enslave black indentured servants because . . . a. They were prejudiced b. They wanted to remove the American Indians *c. They wanted to resolve a labor supply problem d. They disliked blacks or thought them inferior e. They wanted to avoid a Civil War Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prejudice and Racism; pp. 116–117 Question Type: MC 22. Much of the southwest became U.S. territory in 1848 as a result of ________. a. the revolt of Texas against Mexico *b. the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo c. the American Civil War d. the California Gold Rush e. the Dawes Allotment Act Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Texas; p. 127 Question Type: MC 23. Mexican Americans only retained some measure of political power and economic clout in ________. a. Oregon Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank *b. New Mexico c. Arizona d. Texas e. Louisiana Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Arizona and New Mexico; p. 128 Question Type: MC 24. One difference in the situations of Mexican Americans and African Americans in the 19th century was that . . . a. Mexican Americans were much more acculturated b. African Americans were exploited for their land, Mexican Americans for their labor *c. Mexican Americans were able to retain much more of their culture d. Mexican Americans were exploited only for their land e. Mexican Americans were exploited for their wealth Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Mexican Americans and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 129 Question Type: MC 25. The results of contact with Anglo culture for Native Americans and Mexican American women were . . . *a. Variable; their status relative to men sometimes rose, although always in the context of conquest and colonization b. Extremely negative; they lost much more power and status than the men c. Extremely positive; they gained power and status relative to the men d. Positive only for married women; single women always lost power and status e. Generally negative, as they were often forced to become the heads of the household Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender Relations; p. 130 Question Type: MC 26. Which set of terms best characterizes the situations African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans experienced as a result of their contact with Anglo-American society? *a. Colonization and paternalism b. Acculturation and integration c. Colonization and immigration d. Secondary structural assimilation and caste system e. Integration and Anglo-conformity Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Paternalistic Relations; p. 114 Question Type: MC 27. Which of the following regarding the contact situations between American Indians and the Spanish, French, and English is true? a. The Spanish found large, well-organized social systems and, therefore, found it useful to adapt to Aztec practices. Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank b. The French needed to cooperate with at least some Native American tribes to maximize the benefits of the economy they created. c. The English met with smaller, less developed tribes and had no specific reason to adapt to those social structures. *d. All of the above e. None of the above Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Comparing Minority Groups; pp. 132–133 Question Type: MC 28. Which of the following are documented ways slaves could express resistance or noncooperation to their situation and their “masters”? a. Intentional carelessness b. Creating work slowdowns c. Running away d. Open rebellion, such as the revolt led by Nat Turner *e. All of the above Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Powerlessness and Resistance; p. 115 Question Type: MC 29. In the plantation hierarchy, who had the least power? a. White men b. Black men c. White women *d. Black women e. White children Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender Relations; p. 119 Question Type: MC 30. Hawaii first came into contact with Europeans in 1788. For what reason did conquest and colonization not follow the early contact? a. The relationship was organized around agriculture. *b. The relationship was organized around trade and commerce. c. Contact with the indigenous Hawaiian society brought diseases. d. The indigenous Hawaiian plantation owners began to dominate the island economy. e. Hawaiian laws banned entire groups from public institutions or practices. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Hawaii; pp. 125–126 Question Type: MC 31 What aspects of the international trafficking system help distribute modern forms of involuntary servitude? a. Globalization b. Instantaneous communication c. Rapid and cheap travel Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank d. Traffickers that trick women into believing that they are being hired for legitimate jobs *e. All of the above Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Slavery and Indentured Servitude Today; pp. 120–121 Question Type: MC 32. ________ are more the results of systems of racial and ethnic inequality than they are the causes. *a. Prejudice and racism b. Sexism and homophobia c. Mistrust and fear d. Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism e. Misanthropy and misogyny Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prejudice and Racism; p. 116 Question Type: MC 33. Competition between whites and ________ centered on control of land. a. Africans *b. American Indians c. Dutch d. Asians e. Spanish Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: American Indians; p. 112 Question Type: MC 34. Profits in the labor-intensive plantation system could be maximized if a large, disciplined, and ________ workforce was maintained by the landowners. a. young b. white c. able-bodied *d. cheap e. well-educated Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Mexican Americans and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 108 Question Type: MC 35. At about the same time as the plantation system began to emerge, the supply of white indentured servants from the British isles began to ________. a. increase b. decrease, then increase c. multiply d. remain stable *e. dwindle Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Labor Supply Problem; p. 108 Question Type: MC Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank 36. One reason African slaves were more appealing than white indentured servants was that . . . a. Whites intermarried with Africans at a high rate *b. White indentured servants would eventually fulfill and be released from their contracts c. Africans had high turnover rates d. Whites had low turnover rates e. African slaves were better trained workers Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Labor Supply Problem; p. 108 Question Type: MC 37. American colonists came to see ________ as the most logical, cost-effective way to solve their labor shortage. *a. imported Africans b. imported Asians c. European immigrants d. indigenous American Indians e. indigenous Mexicans Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Labor Supply Problem; p. 108 Question Type: MC 38. What paradox was established after the construction of a social system devoted to freedom and individual liberty? *a. The colonists revived the institution of tyranny. b. Individual liberty in the New World was guaranteed for all races and religions. c. Freedom and individual liberty was guaranteed for the colonists. d. The colonists destroyed the institution of tyranny. e. The colonists became a potential source of manpower. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Labor Supply Problem; p. 109 Question Type: MC 39. Integration was significantly more possible for ________ immigrant groups than for groups formed under conquest or colonization. a. African b. Asian *c. European d. Australian e. South American Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Immigrant Minority Groups; p. 111 Question Type: MC 40. ________ minorities often originate as immigrant groups who bring resources and, therefore, have more opportunities than colonized minority groups in the host society. a. Economic Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank *b. Enclave c. Ethnic d. Racial e. Sexual Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Immigrant Minority Groups; p. 112 Question Type: MC 41. The social class you are born into is an example of your ________ status. a. accomplished b. achieved c. acknowledged *d. ascribed e. assimilated Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closed System; p. 114 Question Type: MC True/False 42. American Indian societies were generally matriarchal and followed a strict gender-based division of labor in which most men were the subordinates. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: American Indian; p. 124 Question Type: TF 43. Most modern-day slaves are laborers living within their country of birth. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Slavery and Indentured Servitude Today; p. 121 Question Type: TF 44. The first Africans to come to the British colonies were probably indentured servants rather than slaves. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Slavery in America; p. 106 Question Type: TF 45. According to Noel’s first characteristic of ethnocentrism, it is not essential, in regard to the maintenance of social solidarity and cohesion of a group, to observe the norms and laws and honor the Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank sacred symbols. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Noel Hypothesis; p. 109 Question Type: TF 46. According to Robert Blauner, the way in which immigrant and colonized groups come into contact with each other has consequences that persist long after the original contact. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Prejudice and Racism; p. 111 Question Type: TF 47. Paternalism is characterized as one group having vast power and significantly greater resources, with caste-like barriers between the two groups. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Paternalistic Relations; p. 114 Question Type: TF 48. Indentured servants were members of a caste system and had no opportunities for mobility. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: A Closed System; p. 108 Question Type: TF 49. Gender stratification played little part for slaves, as both slave men and slave women worked in the field. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender Relations; p. 119 Question Type: TF 50. Slaves were defined as chattel, or personal property, and were not accorded civil or political rights. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Chattel Slavery; p. 114 Question Type: TF 51. The land set aside for reservations offered conditions and qualities similar to the land the American Indians once controlled. Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: American Indians and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 124 Question Type: TF 52. Indian reservations, like slave plantations, could be considered paternalistic systems with a colonized group. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: American Indians and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 124 Question Type: TF 53. Between the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853, the Mexican population of the southwest, without moving an inch from their traditional villages and farms, became a conquered people and minority group. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Mexican Americans; p. 127 Question Type: TF 54. In California, the Gold Rush of 1849 resulted in higher status and political power for the Mexican Americans who were previously living there. This change in status and political power often lasted for generations. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: California; p. 128 Question Type: TF 55. Mexican Americans only kept some political power and economic clout in New Mexico, mostly because of their relatively large size and skill in mobilizing for political activity. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Arizona and New Mexico; p. 128 Question Type: TF 56. Many of the settlers who moved into Texas came directly from the South and established prejudiced views toward the poorer Mexicans, who were stereotyped as lazy and shiftless. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Mexican Americans and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 129 Question Type: TF Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank 57. Some degree of ethnocentrism is essential to the maintenance of social solidarity. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Noel Hypothesis; p. 109 Question Type: TF 58. Many modern-day slaves are laborers living outside their country of birth. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Slavery and Indentured Servitude Today; p. 121 Question Type: TF 59. It was not unusual for women in many tribes to play key roles in religion, politics, warfare, and the economy. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender Relations; p. 124 Question Type: TF 60. Attempts at acculturation by various American Indian tribes often resulted in the increase of status and power by American Indian women. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender Relations; pp. 124–125 Question Type: TF 61. Power differentials between groups partly explain why domination was established in some places faster than others. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Mexican Americans and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 129 Question Type: TF 62. Obtaining slaves from Africa was the most logical, cost-effective means of resolving American colonies’ labor supply problems. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Comparing Minority Groups; p. 108 Question Type: TF Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank 63. According to the text, the Indian Removal Act “solved” the American Indian “problem” for whites in the West. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: American Indians and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 123 Question Type: TF 64. Some white Southerners opposed slavery and fought for the abolition of the “peculiar institution.” *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Guilt, Blame, Understanding, and Communication; p. 102 Question Type: TF 65. The slave trade relied on black African slavers and agents. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Guilt, Blame, Understanding, and Communication; p. 102 Question Type: TF 66. American Indians were thought by whites to be an unsuitable source of labor. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Comparing Minority Groups; p. 131 Question Type: TF 67. The amount of power commanded by a group is a result of three factors: size, degree of organization, and amount of resources. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Noel Hypothesis; p. 110 Question Type: TF 68. Land and labor are central concerns in an agricultural society. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Slavery; p. 105 Question Type: TF 69. The international trafficking system is aided by globalization, instantaneous communication, and rapid, cheap travel. *a. True Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Slavery and Indentured Servitude Today; p. 121 Question Type: TF 70. Californians of Mexican descent were called Los Californians. a. True *b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: California; p. 128 Question Type: TF 71. Physical characteristics and religious differences provided a convenient marker of group membership. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Mexican Americans and the Noel and Blauner Hypotheses; p. 129 Question Type: TF 72. Native Hawaiians have intermarried freely with other groups in Hawaii. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Hawaii; p. 126 Question Type: TF 73. In terms of education, income, and poverty, native Hawaiians compare favorably with both American Indians and black Americans. *a. True b. False Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Hawaii; p. 126 Question Type: TF Essay 74. Apply Noel’s hypothesis to the contact situations of African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans. Link the differences in contact situations to the systems of group relationships that developed. Explain how the differences in the contact situation led to different relationships with the dominant group for each minority group. Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Varies Question Type: ESS 75. Explain Blauner’s distinction between colonized and immigrant minority groups. Why is the initial contact period between minority and dominant groups so crucial? Relate Blauner’s two types of minority Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank groups to Gordon’s theory of assimilation. Are immigrant or colonized minority groups more likely to follow Gordon’s stages of assimilation in order? Why? Are immigrant or colonized minority groups more likely to encounter high levels of prejudice, discrimination, ideological racism, and institutional discrimination? Why? a. Varies Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Varies Question Type: ESS 76. Explain the role of individual prejudice and ideological racism in the creation of minority group status for African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans. How do the dominant group stereotypes of each of these groups relate to the original contact situations and the nature of competition between these groups? a. Varies Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Varies Question Type: ESS 77. The experience of conquest and colonization differed for men and women. Summarize the difference in experiences as a result of gender for African Americans, American Indians, and Mexican Americans. Why did these differences occur? a. Varies Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Varies Question Type: ESS 78. Discuss the origins of slavery in America. Make sure that you address labor issues and the creation of the plantation system. a. Varies Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: Varies Question Type: ESS 79. Compare and contrast the experiences of women of African, Mexican, and American Indian ancestry in colonial America. What are some of the similarities and differences between men of shared racial background? Of white women? a. Varies Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Varies Question Type: ESS 80. Compare and contrast the experiences of Native Hawaiians and American Indians. What explains these similarities and differences? a. Varies Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Varies Question Type: ESS Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank 81. Compare the origins of dominant and minority relations in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Use Blauner and Noel in your analysis. In what ways do contact situations shape group relations for centuries to come? a. Varies Cognitive Domain: Analysis Answer Location: Varies Question Type: ESS 82. If the core of American society is a construction of a social system devoted to freedom and individual liberty in the New World, why does the statement that “[it] was made possible only by the revival of an institution of naked tyranny foresworn for centuries in the Old” (Lacy, 1972, p. 22) establish a paradox? Cognitive Domain: Comprehension Answer Location: The Labor Supply Problem; p. 108 Question Type: ESS Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank Chapter 4: Industrialization and Dominant-Minority Relations: From Slavery to Segregation and the Coming of Postindustrial Society Multiple Choice 1. The ________ Amendment to the Constitution, passed in 1870, stated that the right to vote cannot be denied on the grounds of “race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” a. 19th *b. 15th c. 4th d. 2nd e. 10th Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Reconstruction; p. 141 Question Type: MC 2. By 1930, 90% of employed black women were still in two occupational categories: a. Agricultural and factory work *b. Domestic and agricultural work c. Factory and domestic work d. Clerical and personal service work e. Agricultural and clerical work Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender and Race; p. 153 Question Type: MC 3. Which of the following statements about bureaucracies is true? a. Bureaucracies are impersonal. b. Bureaucracies run “by the book.” c. Bureaucracies are governed by rules and regulations. d. Bureaucracies are “rational.” *e. All of the above Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Bureaucracy and Rationality; p. 155 Question Type: MC 4. Assembly line jobs that transform various materials into finished automobiles are an example of jobs in the ________ sector. a. tertiary *b. secondary c. quaternary d. quinary e. none of the above Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Manufacturing (or Secondary) Occupations; p. 156 Question Type: MC 5. Which of the following statements about fluid competitive systems is false? a. In fluid competitive systems, the division of labor is complex, specialized, and varies greatly within groups. b. Both geographic and social mobility are greater in fluid competitive systems. c. Fluid competitive systems are more open and the position of the minority group is less fixed. d. In fluid competitive systems, fear of competition from minority groups becomes more widespread. *e. In fluid competitive systems, intergroup conflict is very rare. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Postindustrial Society and the Shift From Rigid to Fluid Competitive Relationships; p. 159 Question Type: MC 6. In the spring of 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on two cases involving the University of ________. These rulings allowed the university’s law school to use race as one criterion in deciding admissions. a. Minnesota b. Florida *c. Michigan d. California e. Texas Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Higher Education and Affirmative Action; p. 171 Question Type: MC 7. As societies industrialize, dominant–minority relations move from ________. *a. paternalistic to competitive b. peaceful to conflict oriented c. equal to unequal d. segregation to slavery e. agrarian to paternalistic Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Industrialization and the Shift From Paternalistic to Rigid Competitive Group Relations; p. 140 Question Type: MC 8. Which would you expect to find in a rigid competitive system of group relations? *a. Minority groups competing with dominant groups for jobs and other valued commodities b. Decreased residential segregation c. Handicapping of the majority group by the minority in order to preserve their advantage d. Decreased hostility as competition increases e. Dominant groups seeking to improve the minority group’s job benefits Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Industrialization and the Shift From Paternalistic to Rigid Competitive Group Relations; p. 140 Question Type: MC 9. The period of Reconstruction that followed the Civil War was a time of . . . *a. Opportunity for black southerners b. Bitter conflict and struggle between blacks and European immigrants in the South c. Great repression and racism in the South d. Rapid movement of black southerners to the urban North e. Opportunity for white southerners Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Reconstruction; p. 141 Question Type: MC 10. Which of the following is true about the period of Reconstruction? a. African Americans in the South could not vote or hold political office. b. Black Southerners did not take advantage of the 15th Amendment to the Constitution. *c. African Americans in the South opened many small businesses and schools, could vote, and held political office. d. African Americans in the South could not purchase land or houses or start businesses. e. The Freedman’s Bureau was used to halt racial freedom in the defeated Confederacy. Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Reconstruction; p. 141 Question Type: MC 11. Following Reconstruction, the South was characterized by . . . a. African Americans becoming the dominant class *b. A rigid caste system due to the Jim Crow laws c. An end to the plantation system and urbanization d. An end to the white class system e. Increasing opportunity for African Americans Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: De Jure Segregation; p. 142 Question Type: MC 12. By 1910, black labor in the U.S. was most characterized by ________. *a. agricultural work and domestic work b. factory work c. sales and business work d. skilled craftsmen or artisans e. small business proprietors Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Control of Black Labor; p. 143 Question Type: MC Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank 13. Who did NOT benefit from de jure segregation? a. Planters and landowners because African Americans provided a cheap and controllable labor force b. White workers because they did not have to compete for jobs with African Americans c. Traditional political leadership because the threat of a populist class coalition was ended *d. Black southerners who remained rural peasants e. White racists who felt entitled to better jobs and working conditions than blacks Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Jim Crow Segregation and South African Apartheid; p. 145 Question Type: MC 14. As de jure segregation formed and solidified in the South, . . . a. Levels of residential separation between the races decreased *b. Levels of prejudice and racism increased c. Lynchings virtually ceased to occur d. African Americans began moving from the North back to the South e. Levels of education and economic opportunity increased for African Americans Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Jim Crow Segregation and South African Apartheid; pp. 145–146 Question Type: MC 15. In ________, the Supreme Court established the “separate but equal” doctrine. a. Dred Scott b. Roe v. Wade *c. Plessy v. Ferguson d. Marvin v. Mitchell e. Amistad v. Virginia Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Political and Civil Rights Under Jim Crow; p. 144 Question Type: MC 16. Which of the following laws did NOT restrict African Americans from voting in the South? a. Poll taxes *b. The 14th and 15th amendments to the Constitution c. Literacy tests d. Grandfather clauses e. Property requirements Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Reconstruction; p. 144 Question Type: MC 17. Compared to white women at the turn of the 20th century, African American women were ________. a. less likely to work outside the home *b. more likely to work outside the home c. more likely to be employed in white-collar jobs d. better educated Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank e. more likely to vote Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender and Race; pp. 152–153 Question Type: MC 18. Ratification of the 15th Amendment in 1870 extended the vote to ________. a. men and women within the African American community b. white women c. immigrants d. African American women *e. African American men Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Gender and Race; p. 153 Question Type: MC 19. Urbanization created the potential . . . *a. For minority groups to mobilize and organize large numbers of people b. For minority groups to mobilize and organize small numbers of people c. For the dissemination of populations d. To empower the dominant group e. None of the above Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Urbanization; p. 154 Question Type: MC 20. Which of the following is NOT an example of modern institutional discrimination? a. Basing hiring on prior education when a minority group has had fewer opportunities to go to college b. Banks using strict economic criteria to deny loans to minorities with low incomes c. The principle of seniority, in which the last hired is the first fired *d. Basing hiring on an individual’s language skills e. When businesses move out of the city to reduce their overhead costs Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: Modern Institutional Discrimination; pp. 167–168 Question Type: MC 21. ________ was born a slave, became a famous educator, and founded the Tuskegee Institute. a. Jim Crow *b. Booker T. Washington c. W. E. B. Du Bois d. Marcus Garvey e. Stanley Lieberson Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Black Protest; p. 150 Question Type: MC 22. ________ was a primary opponent of Booker T. Washington and cofounder of the NAACP. Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey Test Bank a. Jim Crow b. George Washington Carver *c. W. E. B. Du Bois d. Marcus Garvey e. A. Philip Randolph Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Black Protest; p. 151 Question Type: MC 23. ________ was born in Jamaica and advocated the return of black Americans to Africa. a. Jim Crow b. Booker T. Washington c. W. E. B. Du Bois *d. Marcus Garvey e. A. Philip Randolph Cognitive Domain: Knowledge Answer Location: The Origins of Black Protest; p. 151 Question Type: MC 24. Which of the following best describes the practice of sharecropping? a. A system of farming where blacks and whites established elaborate rituals of crop exchange, similar to the etiquette rituals of the antebellum South b. A system of farming, primarily in the North, where blacks and whites farmed the land equally after Reconstruction in an effort to heal after the war c. A system of farming where whites and blacks shared labor on common plots of land *d. A system of farming where a tenant works on land in exchange for a share of profits, a place to live, food, and clothing, all supplied by the owner e. None