, Ch1 Respiration
① Aerobic Respiration
gen Eqn CH1206
.
602 + >
-
6102 + 6Hz0 (+ energy 36/38 ATP)
3 Steps Glycolysiscutoplasmabs cycle - matrix of Mitochondria
↳ Oxidative phosphorylation -
inner mitochondrial membrane .
① Glycolysis Site =
Cytoplasm
breakdown of glucose in the Cytoplasm producing 2 molecules or pyruvates
Products -> 2ATP & 2 reduced NAD .
Glucose
2ATP
GADP D
Phosphorylation .
Cfructose) Hexose Biphosphate
②lysis
- L
(Gp) Triose P Triose P
+
③ Oxidation (loss at H)
-
dehydrogenase
Iremove H
GNAD
reduced NAD (NADIA
NADT
Dreduced NAD (NADI)
2ADP 2 ADD * ATP synthase
G 2ATP G 2ATP
① ATP formation
pyruvate (39 Pyruvate
* Net gain of 2ATP by substrate level Phosphorylation
②Link Rxn & Krebs Cycle site manix =
2A)linkRyn Pyruvate is decarboxylated Roxidised producing a 2C
-
fragment
(22) acetylgip then cornegie A joins·
acetyl gup producing Acetyl CoA
.
Products = 2 R .
NAD /2CO2
(B) Krebs cycle -
It's a series
decarboxylation Rxns In which 62 acid Citric
of .
a
is converted inter a SLacid
(2-retoglutaric acid) which is
Even converted into a 4C acid (oxaloacetic acid).
=>
This 41 acid is use to
generate
the Glacid (acetyl CoAued)
Products- -G R NAD .
, 2ATD
4202 ,
2 R FAD
.
.
, E pyruvate X2 Total products
NADT
CO2G 10 R NAD
Reduced NAD (NADH)
.
CoenzymeA >
- Link Rxn 2 R FAD
-
of
#
Movement a lot of it ~
caused Alp formation Acetyl CoA GCO2
4 ATD
↳
4 lacid
oxidised
S
R&
-
-
S
Coxabaceric acid
FA
2RNAD
2NAD ATP .
Hrebs Cycle
slavid)
i 2C-Retoglutaric acid)
oxidised
D
Gacid
Citricacid)
So
Oxidized
⑤ Oxidative Phosphorylation
*
gite innner Mitochondrial membrane
① Reduced NAD/FAD are converted into
NADT/FAD+ release the 2H atoms (terminal
,
oxidation). The 2H atoms Split into to 2ed 2H +
② The ze-are picked by an e-acceptor& pass thor an fil in a series of redox Ran
producing
Cytochrome
energy
③ This
energy
is used fo the active
pumping (H + pumps) into intermembrane space.
the
to l +
The inner membrane is impermeable except for a certain channel protein Istalked particles which
contains ATP Synthase)
④ The diffusion of + down electrochemical gradient into matrix thrn stalked particles releases
energy
⑤ Oxygen is the final e- & It acceptor restoring oxidised coenzymes (NAD/FAD) and ETC , forming .
metabolic water
NO has higher affinity /ability to pich upe-sH > NAD/EAD
+
a
Respiration is conmoved by enzymes (intra cellular)
8
#
O
e-acceptors/carriers / l pumps/cytochrome
+ .
N .
B In anaerobic respiration ,
there's no
oxygen.. · FAD/NAD aren't reoxidised , leaving no oxidised
coenzymes to be used in the Link Ran &urbs cycle Corey stop.
In this Respiration
case ,
is limited to
glycolysis which only produces LATP
molecules by substrate level phosphorylation.
, ② Anaerobic Respiration
(A) Lactic acid fermentation
-
Site >
-
muscles of mammals / some type of bacteria
glucose lactic
energy (2ATP)
> acid
-gen egn->
-
.
+
Steps Glucose
-
-
2ADD - No O2 to act as the final +e- acceptor so
(glycolysis) G2ATP ,
Linuron & urebs cycle stop & respiration is limited
2 pyruvate
a pyruvate reductase NADI
to glycolysis .
/hydrogenase G NAD a pyruvate as the final e-ditt accepter,
acts
Reoxidised coenzyme NAD & produces lactate
2 lactic acid .
(B) Akoholic Fermentation
gite> -
plants (roots in
waterlogged soils &jeast -
gen equ .
>
-
alucose zethanol + <02 ·
+
energy (2ATP)
Glucose
- No O2 to act as the final +e- acceptor so
CCAP
,
Linuron & urebs cycle stop & respiration is limited
2 pyruvate to glycolysis .
apyruvate >
-
CO2 pyruvate is decarboxylated producing ethnal ethanal acts as the finale & H +
a
decarboxylase
,
acceptor restoring oxidised NAD/FAD& producing ethanol
2 ethanol .
,
.
NADHe
a ethanal reductase/ SNAD +
hydrogenase
2 ethand
Anaerobic Respiration & Exercise
exercise
·
During , Of demand > Oz supply - anaerobic Res takes place
·
producing lactate
· After exercise ,
lactic acid
produced in muscles is transported in blood to live
· Inside liver cells ,
lactic acid is oxidised back into pyruvate
this Exn > ↑ f
pyruvate >
- diffuse into matrix to enter Link
-
produced
stored liver in the form of
glycogen
in .
This explains why after exercise The B R
,
.
high/deep/rapid to supply enough of
cont to be
repaying Of debt- -
> EPOC (excessive Post-exercise Of consumption)
① Aerobic Respiration
gen Eqn CH1206
.
602 + >
-
6102 + 6Hz0 (+ energy 36/38 ATP)
3 Steps Glycolysiscutoplasmabs cycle - matrix of Mitochondria
↳ Oxidative phosphorylation -
inner mitochondrial membrane .
① Glycolysis Site =
Cytoplasm
breakdown of glucose in the Cytoplasm producing 2 molecules or pyruvates
Products -> 2ATP & 2 reduced NAD .
Glucose
2ATP
GADP D
Phosphorylation .
Cfructose) Hexose Biphosphate
②lysis
- L
(Gp) Triose P Triose P
+
③ Oxidation (loss at H)
-
dehydrogenase
Iremove H
GNAD
reduced NAD (NADIA
NADT
Dreduced NAD (NADI)
2ADP 2 ADD * ATP synthase
G 2ATP G 2ATP
① ATP formation
pyruvate (39 Pyruvate
* Net gain of 2ATP by substrate level Phosphorylation
②Link Rxn & Krebs Cycle site manix =
2A)linkRyn Pyruvate is decarboxylated Roxidised producing a 2C
-
fragment
(22) acetylgip then cornegie A joins·
acetyl gup producing Acetyl CoA
.
Products = 2 R .
NAD /2CO2
(B) Krebs cycle -
It's a series
decarboxylation Rxns In which 62 acid Citric
of .
a
is converted inter a SLacid
(2-retoglutaric acid) which is
Even converted into a 4C acid (oxaloacetic acid).
=>
This 41 acid is use to
generate
the Glacid (acetyl CoAued)
Products- -G R NAD .
, 2ATD
4202 ,
2 R FAD
.
.
, E pyruvate X2 Total products
NADT
CO2G 10 R NAD
Reduced NAD (NADH)
.
CoenzymeA >
- Link Rxn 2 R FAD
-
of
#
Movement a lot of it ~
caused Alp formation Acetyl CoA GCO2
4 ATD
↳
4 lacid
oxidised
S
R&
-
-
S
Coxabaceric acid
FA
2RNAD
2NAD ATP .
Hrebs Cycle
slavid)
i 2C-Retoglutaric acid)
oxidised
D
Gacid
Citricacid)
So
Oxidized
⑤ Oxidative Phosphorylation
*
gite innner Mitochondrial membrane
① Reduced NAD/FAD are converted into
NADT/FAD+ release the 2H atoms (terminal
,
oxidation). The 2H atoms Split into to 2ed 2H +
② The ze-are picked by an e-acceptor& pass thor an fil in a series of redox Ran
producing
Cytochrome
energy
③ This
energy
is used fo the active
pumping (H + pumps) into intermembrane space.
the
to l +
The inner membrane is impermeable except for a certain channel protein Istalked particles which
contains ATP Synthase)
④ The diffusion of + down electrochemical gradient into matrix thrn stalked particles releases
energy
⑤ Oxygen is the final e- & It acceptor restoring oxidised coenzymes (NAD/FAD) and ETC , forming .
metabolic water
NO has higher affinity /ability to pich upe-sH > NAD/EAD
+
a
Respiration is conmoved by enzymes (intra cellular)
8
#
O
e-acceptors/carriers / l pumps/cytochrome
+ .
N .
B In anaerobic respiration ,
there's no
oxygen.. · FAD/NAD aren't reoxidised , leaving no oxidised
coenzymes to be used in the Link Ran &urbs cycle Corey stop.
In this Respiration
case ,
is limited to
glycolysis which only produces LATP
molecules by substrate level phosphorylation.
, ② Anaerobic Respiration
(A) Lactic acid fermentation
-
Site >
-
muscles of mammals / some type of bacteria
glucose lactic
energy (2ATP)
> acid
-gen egn->
-
.
+
Steps Glucose
-
-
2ADD - No O2 to act as the final +e- acceptor so
(glycolysis) G2ATP ,
Linuron & urebs cycle stop & respiration is limited
2 pyruvate
a pyruvate reductase NADI
to glycolysis .
/hydrogenase G NAD a pyruvate as the final e-ditt accepter,
acts
Reoxidised coenzyme NAD & produces lactate
2 lactic acid .
(B) Akoholic Fermentation
gite> -
plants (roots in
waterlogged soils &jeast -
gen equ .
>
-
alucose zethanol + <02 ·
+
energy (2ATP)
Glucose
- No O2 to act as the final +e- acceptor so
CCAP
,
Linuron & urebs cycle stop & respiration is limited
2 pyruvate to glycolysis .
apyruvate >
-
CO2 pyruvate is decarboxylated producing ethnal ethanal acts as the finale & H +
a
decarboxylase
,
acceptor restoring oxidised NAD/FAD& producing ethanol
2 ethanol .
,
.
NADHe
a ethanal reductase/ SNAD +
hydrogenase
2 ethand
Anaerobic Respiration & Exercise
exercise
·
During , Of demand > Oz supply - anaerobic Res takes place
·
producing lactate
· After exercise ,
lactic acid
produced in muscles is transported in blood to live
· Inside liver cells ,
lactic acid is oxidised back into pyruvate
this Exn > ↑ f
pyruvate >
- diffuse into matrix to enter Link
-
produced
stored liver in the form of
glycogen
in .
This explains why after exercise The B R
,
.
high/deep/rapid to supply enough of
cont to be
repaying Of debt- -
> EPOC (excessive Post-exercise Of consumption)
