PHRM2101 FINAL QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
A patient has Cardiovascular disease. What is the appropriate dietary modification?
What type of diet can be suggested? What does this diet contain - ✔✔The aim is to reduce
body fat. This can be achieved through Dietary factors that reduce body fat storage and
inflammation, improve blood vessel function and help to regulate blood sugar and lipids, are
most likely to be beneficial for the prevention and management of CVD
A mediterranean diet can be suggested: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, legumes,
lean proteins from fish and poultry, good fats from olive oil, and some dairy, while limiting
consumption of sweets and red meat
What medical condition is linked to CVD? why? - ✔✔diabetes. This is because they both
share similar risk factors (factors that can lead to the disease) and the physiological processes
associated with the progression of each disease are somewhat similar
What are the risk factors of type 1 diabetes? What can this progress to, and what are the risk
factors of the progression? - ✔✔The cluster of risk factors including high waist
circumference, high blood triglycerides, high blood pressure, high blood glucose and low blood
HDL cholesterol is called the Metabolic Syndrome.
These metabolic risk factors can progress to Type 2 diabetes, which is a chronic disease
characterised by high levels of glucose in the blood.
What organs does type 2 diabetes damage? - ✔✔Chronically elevated blood glucose can
cause progressive damage to many other organs and tissues. These include the kidneys, blood
vessels and eyes
Lifestyle advice for people with diabetes? - ✔✔A range of lifestyle factors are important in
the prevention of diabetes. These include both diet and exercise. Food choices that prevent
, weight gain, reduce inflammation and assist in the regulation of blood glucose are likely to
assist with the prevention of diabete
food choices= low fat, low carb
risk factors for cancer? - ✔✔Smoking - lung, mouth, bowel, stomach and cervical cancer
Obesity - bowel, liver and kidney cancer
UV exposure - skin cancer
Viral infection - infection with hepatitis B/C can increase the risk of developing liver cancer
Old age (not preventable)
What is gut microbiota? - ✔✔the system of microorganisms in a person's gastrointestinal
system
Microorganisms residing in the large intestine of humans process food components that have
not been completely digested in the small intestine. This results in the production of molecules
such as short chain fatty acids, which can then be used for energy by the cells on the intestinal
wall.
nutrigenetics vs nutrigenomics - ✔✔nutrigenetics: defined as the science of the effect of
genetic variation on dietary responses.
nutrigenomics: is defined as the role of nutrients and bioactive food compounds in gene
expression.
What happens in a ketogenic diet - ✔✔carbs are replaced with fats.
spikes of glucose and insulin decrease (which is associated with reduced oxidative stress) and
reduced inflammatory response after eating
as well as reduced insulin resistance and improvements in many features of metabolic
syndrome.
VERIFIED 100% CORRECT
A patient has Cardiovascular disease. What is the appropriate dietary modification?
What type of diet can be suggested? What does this diet contain - ✔✔The aim is to reduce
body fat. This can be achieved through Dietary factors that reduce body fat storage and
inflammation, improve blood vessel function and help to regulate blood sugar and lipids, are
most likely to be beneficial for the prevention and management of CVD
A mediterranean diet can be suggested: fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, nuts, legumes,
lean proteins from fish and poultry, good fats from olive oil, and some dairy, while limiting
consumption of sweets and red meat
What medical condition is linked to CVD? why? - ✔✔diabetes. This is because they both
share similar risk factors (factors that can lead to the disease) and the physiological processes
associated with the progression of each disease are somewhat similar
What are the risk factors of type 1 diabetes? What can this progress to, and what are the risk
factors of the progression? - ✔✔The cluster of risk factors including high waist
circumference, high blood triglycerides, high blood pressure, high blood glucose and low blood
HDL cholesterol is called the Metabolic Syndrome.
These metabolic risk factors can progress to Type 2 diabetes, which is a chronic disease
characterised by high levels of glucose in the blood.
What organs does type 2 diabetes damage? - ✔✔Chronically elevated blood glucose can
cause progressive damage to many other organs and tissues. These include the kidneys, blood
vessels and eyes
Lifestyle advice for people with diabetes? - ✔✔A range of lifestyle factors are important in
the prevention of diabetes. These include both diet and exercise. Food choices that prevent
, weight gain, reduce inflammation and assist in the regulation of blood glucose are likely to
assist with the prevention of diabete
food choices= low fat, low carb
risk factors for cancer? - ✔✔Smoking - lung, mouth, bowel, stomach and cervical cancer
Obesity - bowel, liver and kidney cancer
UV exposure - skin cancer
Viral infection - infection with hepatitis B/C can increase the risk of developing liver cancer
Old age (not preventable)
What is gut microbiota? - ✔✔the system of microorganisms in a person's gastrointestinal
system
Microorganisms residing in the large intestine of humans process food components that have
not been completely digested in the small intestine. This results in the production of molecules
such as short chain fatty acids, which can then be used for energy by the cells on the intestinal
wall.
nutrigenetics vs nutrigenomics - ✔✔nutrigenetics: defined as the science of the effect of
genetic variation on dietary responses.
nutrigenomics: is defined as the role of nutrients and bioactive food compounds in gene
expression.
What happens in a ketogenic diet - ✔✔carbs are replaced with fats.
spikes of glucose and insulin decrease (which is associated with reduced oxidative stress) and
reduced inflammatory response after eating
as well as reduced insulin resistance and improvements in many features of metabolic
syndrome.
