NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+
What is the preferred treatment of acute asthma episodes and prevention of
exercise induced asthma?
beta 2 adrenergic agonists
How are beta 2 adrenergic agonist agents divided? (duration of action)
intermediate action (3-6 hours)
long acting (>12 hours)
What is used in COPD patients to improve air flow and exercise tolerance?
beta 2 adrenergic agonists
Why does the beta 2 adrenergic agonist, salmeterol, have such a long duration of
action?
it is highly lipophilic and has a high affinity for the beta 2 receptor because of a
side chain that binds to the beta 2 receptor
,NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
How can beta 2 adrenergic agonists cause tachycardia?
peripheral vasodilation and cardiac stimulation (the heart does contain some beta 2
receptors but not many. the tachycardia is mainly caused by the vasodilation and
reflex tachycardia)
What is another use for beta 2 adrenergic agonists besides treatment for respiratory
issues?
continuous infusions of these drugs can stop premature labor (tocolytics)
What are the routes of administration for beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
PO, inhalation, SQ, IV
inhaled is preferred due to side effects and as effective as parenteral route
What percentage of the drug dose of a beta 2 adrenergic agonist actually reaches
the lungs when given via metered-dose inhaler?
12%
If given via nebulizer, how much more of a beta 2 adrenergic agonist would you
need to produce the same degree of bronchodilation as with a metered-dose
inhaler?
,NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
6-10x
What is the main side effect of beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
tremors caused by direct skeletal muscle stimulation
How do both short and long acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists work?
Bind to the beta2 adrenergic receptor located on the plasma membrane of smooth
muscle cells, epithelial, endothelial, and many other types of airway cells leading
to cAMP increase; decreases calcium release and leading to smooth muscle
relaxation.
Duration of action for short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists
clinical effect occurs within minutes and lasts 4-6 hours
When is it appropriate to prescribe a long acting beta 2 adrenergic agonist to a
patient?
when they're using their short acting inhaler more than twice a week (an inhaled
corticosteroid is generally also prescribed)
, NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
Define pharmacokinetics.
Study of how drug concentrations change as it moves through the body (what is the
body doing to the drug?)
Define pharmacodynamics.
Study of how the drug is exerting its effect on the body (receptor interactions,
potency, etc)
What is absorption?
process of the drug entering the systemic circulation
What is distribution?
the process of the drug being circulated/disseminated through the body
True or False. Route of administration affects drug absorption.
true
A drug moving from the vasculature to the extravascular space is part of what
aspect of pharmacokinetics?
NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2025 VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED
A+
What is the preferred treatment of acute asthma episodes and prevention of
exercise induced asthma?
beta 2 adrenergic agonists
How are beta 2 adrenergic agonist agents divided? (duration of action)
intermediate action (3-6 hours)
long acting (>12 hours)
What is used in COPD patients to improve air flow and exercise tolerance?
beta 2 adrenergic agonists
Why does the beta 2 adrenergic agonist, salmeterol, have such a long duration of
action?
it is highly lipophilic and has a high affinity for the beta 2 receptor because of a
side chain that binds to the beta 2 receptor
,NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
How can beta 2 adrenergic agonists cause tachycardia?
peripheral vasodilation and cardiac stimulation (the heart does contain some beta 2
receptors but not many. the tachycardia is mainly caused by the vasodilation and
reflex tachycardia)
What is another use for beta 2 adrenergic agonists besides treatment for respiratory
issues?
continuous infusions of these drugs can stop premature labor (tocolytics)
What are the routes of administration for beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
PO, inhalation, SQ, IV
inhaled is preferred due to side effects and as effective as parenteral route
What percentage of the drug dose of a beta 2 adrenergic agonist actually reaches
the lungs when given via metered-dose inhaler?
12%
If given via nebulizer, how much more of a beta 2 adrenergic agonist would you
need to produce the same degree of bronchodilation as with a metered-dose
inhaler?
,NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
6-10x
What is the main side effect of beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
tremors caused by direct skeletal muscle stimulation
How do both short and long acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists work?
Bind to the beta2 adrenergic receptor located on the plasma membrane of smooth
muscle cells, epithelial, endothelial, and many other types of airway cells leading
to cAMP increase; decreases calcium release and leading to smooth muscle
relaxation.
Duration of action for short acting beta 2 adrenergic agonists
clinical effect occurs within minutes and lasts 4-6 hours
When is it appropriate to prescribe a long acting beta 2 adrenergic agonist to a
patient?
when they're using their short acting inhaler more than twice a week (an inhaled
corticosteroid is generally also prescribed)
, NUR 622 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
Define pharmacokinetics.
Study of how drug concentrations change as it moves through the body (what is the
body doing to the drug?)
Define pharmacodynamics.
Study of how the drug is exerting its effect on the body (receptor interactions,
potency, etc)
What is absorption?
process of the drug entering the systemic circulation
What is distribution?
the process of the drug being circulated/disseminated through the body
True or False. Route of administration affects drug absorption.
true
A drug moving from the vasculature to the extravascular space is part of what
aspect of pharmacokinetics?
