Pathophysiology Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_aaagd
1. What is allergic asthma associated with?: Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE medi-
ated
2. What are the S&S of ARDS?: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (ave-
oli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
3. What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?: Pressure that builds up and
pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected
lung
4. What is cystic fibrosis?: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas;
Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
5. Changes with an asthma attack:: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dysp-
nea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
6. How do you interpret ABG's?: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26
(alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
7. Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?: Elevation (increase) of
pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
8. Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?: Depression (decrease)
of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
9. Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?: Depression (decrease)
of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
10. Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?: Elevation (increase) of
HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
11. What are signs of renal cancer?: No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
12. How do you manage end stage renal disease?: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction,
Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supple-
ments, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
13. What do you call kidney pain?: Nephralgia
14. What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?: Creatinine
15. What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?: E. coli
16. What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?: Hypovolemia - Give
Fluids
17. What causes acute intrarenal failure?: Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal
Ischemia
18. What do we see associated with SIADH?: Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles
in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
1/6
, Pathophysiology Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_aaagd
19. What causes myxedema coma?: Hypothyroidism
20. What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes?: Im-
paired Glucose Transport
21. What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?: Type I - Com-
plete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
22. What would we see with hypoparathyroidism?: Decrease of Calcium (softer
bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
23. What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes?: Give Insulin
24. What is the therapy for Type II Diabetes?: Diet, Exercise, Oral Antihyper-
glycemic Medicine (sensitizes cells to take up insulin)
25. What are some complications of Diabetes?: Paresthesia, Neuropathy,
Retinopathy, Cardiac Problems, Hypertension, Nephropathy
26. What is Celiac Spruce? What should you avoid?: Gluten Intolerance
Avoid Wheat Products: Wheat, Rye, Barley
27. What do we associate with hepatic encephalopathy?: Increased Ammonia
Levels
28. How do histamine antagonists work to manage peptic ulcer disease?: Acts
of H2 receptors - Coats the stomach and decreases the secretion of stomach acids
29. What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel disorders?: Chron's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
30. Chron's Disease: Hardening of the smooth muscles - things aren't being ab-
sorbed.
31. Ulcerative Colitis: Large ulcers form in mucosal layer of colon and rectum.
Bloody Diarrhea (!)
32. What are the major risk factors for patients developing peptic ulcer dis-
ease?: Spicy Foods, Stress, NSAID medications, Glucocorticoids, Alcohol, H. pylori
33. What are signs and symptoms of gastric ulcers?: Pain when swallowing
(dysphagia), Epigastric pain (goes away if they eat food), Vomiting Bright Red Blood,
Coffee Grain Colored Stool
34. What are potential risk factors for breast cancer?: Early period & Late
menopause, Late 1st pregnancy (after 30), Genetic history - especially if mom/sister
has it
35. What increases the risk for having candidiasis?: Oral or IV Antibiotics
36. How are hepatitis A,B,C contracted?: A: Oral - Fecal
B: Blood & Bodily Fluids
C: Contaminated Blood Transfusions before 1990; Bodily Fluids
37. What happens in acceleration and deceleration? (Coup/Contrecoup): Polar
injuries of the brain within the skull resulting in double injury
2/6
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_aaagd
1. What is allergic asthma associated with?: Type 1 Hypersensitivity; IgE medi-
ated
2. What are the S&S of ARDS?: SOB, Shallow Rapid Breathing, Atelectasis (ave-
oli close), Dyspnea, Inspiratory Crackles, Respiratory Alkalosis, Decreased Lung
Compliance, Hypoxemia
3. What are the S&S of tension pneumothorax?: Pressure that builds up and
pushes the trachea towards the unaffected side; Absent breath sounds over affected
lung
4. What is cystic fibrosis?: Excessive mucous coating in the lungs and pancreas;
Genetic Disorder (Autosomal Recessive)
5. Changes with an asthma attack:: Wheezing, SOB, Bronchoconstriction, Dysp-
nea, Tachypnea (rapid breathing)
6. How do you interpret ABG's?: 1. Look at pH (acidosis - low or alkalosis - high)
2. Check the CO2 (resp. indicator) - less than 35 (alkalosis) more than 45 (acidosis)
3. Check the HCO3 (metabolic indicator) - less than 22 (acidosis) more than 26
(alkalosis)
4. Determine primary disorder (matches the pH)
5. Determine if its compensated (pH returns to normal or near normal)
7. Respiratory Acidosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?: Elevation (increase) of
pCO2 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
8. Respiratory Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/CO2?: Depression (decrease)
of pCO2 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
9. Metabolic Acidosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?: Depression (decrease)
of HCO3 -- Decreased pH (acidosis)
10. Metabolic Alkalosis: What happens to the pH/HCO3?: Elevation (increase) of
HCO3 -- Increased pH (alkalosis)
11. What are signs of renal cancer?: No pain! Hematuria (Blood in the Urine)
12. How do you manage end stage renal disease?: Dialysis, Fluid Restriction,
Low Protein Diet, Decrease Medication Doses, Anti-hypertensive, Give Ca Supple-
ments, Give Erythropoietin Shot, Give Iron Supplements/Blood Transfusion (anemic)
13. What do you call kidney pain?: Nephralgia
14. What is the most helpful test to determine renal function?: Creatinine
15. What bacteria is associated with acute pyelonephritis?: E. coli
16. What is the treatment for pre-renal kidney failure?: Hypovolemia - Give
Fluids
17. What causes acute intrarenal failure?: Kidney Stones (renal calculi), Renal
Ischemia
18. What do we see associated with SIADH?: Fluid Retention (edema), Crackles
in Lungs, Hypertension, Decreased Sodium (diluted)
1/6
, Pathophysiology Final Exam
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_aaagd
19. What causes myxedema coma?: Hypothyroidism
20. What is the main underlying condition for Type I and Type II Diabetes?: Im-
paired Glucose Transport
21. What is the difference between Type I and Type II Diabetes?: Type I - Com-
plete lack of insulin (Hyperglycemia)
Type II - Insulin resistance on the cells
22. What would we see with hypoparathyroidism?: Decrease of Calcium (softer
bones), Positive Chvostek's Sign, Tetany/Hyperactivity of Muscles/Tremors
23. What is the therapy for Type I Diabetes?: Give Insulin
24. What is the therapy for Type II Diabetes?: Diet, Exercise, Oral Antihyper-
glycemic Medicine (sensitizes cells to take up insulin)
25. What are some complications of Diabetes?: Paresthesia, Neuropathy,
Retinopathy, Cardiac Problems, Hypertension, Nephropathy
26. What is Celiac Spruce? What should you avoid?: Gluten Intolerance
Avoid Wheat Products: Wheat, Rye, Barley
27. What do we associate with hepatic encephalopathy?: Increased Ammonia
Levels
28. How do histamine antagonists work to manage peptic ulcer disease?: Acts
of H2 receptors - Coats the stomach and decreases the secretion of stomach acids
29. What are the 2 types of inflammatory bowel disorders?: Chron's Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
30. Chron's Disease: Hardening of the smooth muscles - things aren't being ab-
sorbed.
31. Ulcerative Colitis: Large ulcers form in mucosal layer of colon and rectum.
Bloody Diarrhea (!)
32. What are the major risk factors for patients developing peptic ulcer dis-
ease?: Spicy Foods, Stress, NSAID medications, Glucocorticoids, Alcohol, H. pylori
33. What are signs and symptoms of gastric ulcers?: Pain when swallowing
(dysphagia), Epigastric pain (goes away if they eat food), Vomiting Bright Red Blood,
Coffee Grain Colored Stool
34. What are potential risk factors for breast cancer?: Early period & Late
menopause, Late 1st pregnancy (after 30), Genetic history - especially if mom/sister
has it
35. What increases the risk for having candidiasis?: Oral or IV Antibiotics
36. How are hepatitis A,B,C contracted?: A: Oral - Fecal
B: Blood & Bodily Fluids
C: Contaminated Blood Transfusions before 1990; Bodily Fluids
37. What happens in acceleration and deceleration? (Coup/Contrecoup): Polar
injuries of the brain within the skull resulting in double injury
2/6
