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HSY2602 Assignment 3
(COMPLETE GUIDELINE)
Semester 1 2025 - DUE 22
April 2025
NO PLAGIARISM
[Year]
,Study Unit 4: The scramble for Africa 1. ‘The bringing of “civilization”,
religion and infrastructure were key factors that motivated the Scramble for
Africa. As a result, European imperialism can be seen as being largely
beneficial for the African continent’. Do you agree with this statement?
Substantiate your examples drawn from the various territories in Africathat
came under the European rule. HSY2602 Study Guide, Pages: 253–294; 298–
320 OR Study Unit 5: Africa under colonial rule 2. ‘Acculturation was the only
response by Africans to imperial domination.’ Do you agree with this
statement? Substantiate your answer with examples drawn from various
territories in Africa that came under European rule. HSY2602 Study Guide,
Pages: 253–297 Study Unit 3: Africa and the slave trade Discuss the impact
that the Atlantic slave trade had on Europe, Africa and the Americas.
(HSY2602 Study Guide, Study Unit 3, Pages: 178-212) Archaeology is the
only means of reconstructing precolonial African history’. Do you agree or
are there other methods? Use examples to illustrate your answer. HSY2602
Study Guide, Pages: 1–25 OR Study Unit 2: Islamic Africa 2. Discuss the
spread of Islam across North and sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting its
encounters with various African societies. What were the effects of these
interactions? Provide examples to substantiate your answer. HSY2602 Study
Guide, Pages: 63–81 OR Study Unit 3: Africa and the Slave Trade 3. Discuss
the impact that the Atlantic slave trade had on Europe, Africa and the
Americas. 4. HSY2602 Study Guide, Pages: 178–212
Question 1: Scramble for Africa
Prompt: ‘The bringing of “civilization”, religion and infrastructure were key factors that
motivated the Scramble for Africa. As a result, European imperialism can be seen as being
largely beneficial for the African continent’. Do you agree with this statement?
Position: Disagree (recommended)
Argument Outline:
Motives Behind Imperialism:
o Economic exploitation (raw materials, cheap labour).
o Political competition between European powers.
o "Civilizing mission" and missionary activity were tools, not core motives.
Negative Effects:
o Loss of sovereignty and autonomy (e.g., Zulu Kingdom defeated and incorporated
into British Empire).
o Exploitation of labour (Congo Free State – King Leopold II’s brutal rubber trade).
o Arbitrary borders (Berlin Conference 1884–1885) led to ethnic conflict.
Infrastructure Built for Colonial Needs:
, o Railways, ports and roads were designed to extract resources, not benefit locals
(e.g., rail lines in Kenya and Nigeria led from mines/plantations to ports).
Cultural Destruction:
o Traditional African institutions and religions were undermined or destroyed.
o Education was limited and aimed at producing low-level clerks.
Conclusion: Although some infrastructure and institutions were introduced, these largely served
European interests. The costs—loss of freedom, exploitation, and cultural damage—far
outweighed any supposed benefits.
Question 2: African Responses to Colonialism
Prompt: ‘Acculturation was the only response by Africans to imperial domination.’ Do you
agree?
Position: Disagree
Argument Outline:
Resistance Movements:
o Ethiopia (Battle of Adwa, 1896) – successful military resistance against Italy.
o Maji-Maji Rebellion in German East Africa (1905–1907) – spiritual and armed
resistance.
Adaptation and Collaboration:
o Some leaders collaborated to maintain power (e.g., Buganda Kingdom in Uganda
under British indirect rule).
o Elite acculturation (e.g., Western-educated Africans like Jomo Kenyatta later led
nationalist movements).
Cultural Preservation:
o Revival of African customs and identity – seen in later nationalist ideologies (e.g.,
Negritude, Pan-Africanism).
o Islam and African traditional religions continued despite missionary efforts.
Conclusion: African responses to imperialism were diverse—ranging from resistance,
negotiation, and adaptation to limited acculturation. Reducing their response to only
acculturation ignores African agency and creativity in facing domination.
Question 3: The Atlantic Slave Trade
Prompt: Discuss the impact that the Atlantic slave trade had on Europe, Africa and the
Americas.
HSY2602 Assignment 3
(COMPLETE GUIDELINE)
Semester 1 2025 - DUE 22
April 2025
NO PLAGIARISM
[Year]
,Study Unit 4: The scramble for Africa 1. ‘The bringing of “civilization”,
religion and infrastructure were key factors that motivated the Scramble for
Africa. As a result, European imperialism can be seen as being largely
beneficial for the African continent’. Do you agree with this statement?
Substantiate your examples drawn from the various territories in Africathat
came under the European rule. HSY2602 Study Guide, Pages: 253–294; 298–
320 OR Study Unit 5: Africa under colonial rule 2. ‘Acculturation was the only
response by Africans to imperial domination.’ Do you agree with this
statement? Substantiate your answer with examples drawn from various
territories in Africa that came under European rule. HSY2602 Study Guide,
Pages: 253–297 Study Unit 3: Africa and the slave trade Discuss the impact
that the Atlantic slave trade had on Europe, Africa and the Americas.
(HSY2602 Study Guide, Study Unit 3, Pages: 178-212) Archaeology is the
only means of reconstructing precolonial African history’. Do you agree or
are there other methods? Use examples to illustrate your answer. HSY2602
Study Guide, Pages: 1–25 OR Study Unit 2: Islamic Africa 2. Discuss the
spread of Islam across North and sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting its
encounters with various African societies. What were the effects of these
interactions? Provide examples to substantiate your answer. HSY2602 Study
Guide, Pages: 63–81 OR Study Unit 3: Africa and the Slave Trade 3. Discuss
the impact that the Atlantic slave trade had on Europe, Africa and the
Americas. 4. HSY2602 Study Guide, Pages: 178–212
Question 1: Scramble for Africa
Prompt: ‘The bringing of “civilization”, religion and infrastructure were key factors that
motivated the Scramble for Africa. As a result, European imperialism can be seen as being
largely beneficial for the African continent’. Do you agree with this statement?
Position: Disagree (recommended)
Argument Outline:
Motives Behind Imperialism:
o Economic exploitation (raw materials, cheap labour).
o Political competition between European powers.
o "Civilizing mission" and missionary activity were tools, not core motives.
Negative Effects:
o Loss of sovereignty and autonomy (e.g., Zulu Kingdom defeated and incorporated
into British Empire).
o Exploitation of labour (Congo Free State – King Leopold II’s brutal rubber trade).
o Arbitrary borders (Berlin Conference 1884–1885) led to ethnic conflict.
Infrastructure Built for Colonial Needs:
, o Railways, ports and roads were designed to extract resources, not benefit locals
(e.g., rail lines in Kenya and Nigeria led from mines/plantations to ports).
Cultural Destruction:
o Traditional African institutions and religions were undermined or destroyed.
o Education was limited and aimed at producing low-level clerks.
Conclusion: Although some infrastructure and institutions were introduced, these largely served
European interests. The costs—loss of freedom, exploitation, and cultural damage—far
outweighed any supposed benefits.
Question 2: African Responses to Colonialism
Prompt: ‘Acculturation was the only response by Africans to imperial domination.’ Do you
agree?
Position: Disagree
Argument Outline:
Resistance Movements:
o Ethiopia (Battle of Adwa, 1896) – successful military resistance against Italy.
o Maji-Maji Rebellion in German East Africa (1905–1907) – spiritual and armed
resistance.
Adaptation and Collaboration:
o Some leaders collaborated to maintain power (e.g., Buganda Kingdom in Uganda
under British indirect rule).
o Elite acculturation (e.g., Western-educated Africans like Jomo Kenyatta later led
nationalist movements).
Cultural Preservation:
o Revival of African customs and identity – seen in later nationalist ideologies (e.g.,
Negritude, Pan-Africanism).
o Islam and African traditional religions continued despite missionary efforts.
Conclusion: African responses to imperialism were diverse—ranging from resistance,
negotiation, and adaptation to limited acculturation. Reducing their response to only
acculturation ignores African agency and creativity in facing domination.
Question 3: The Atlantic Slave Trade
Prompt: Discuss the impact that the Atlantic slave trade had on Europe, Africa and the
Americas.
