ANS 319 Exam 4- Appuhamy 2025/2026
Exam Questions Marking Scheme New
Update | A+ Rated
C-H - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Minerals are inorganic meaning they do not have
________ bonds
energy (ATP) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Because minerals are inorganic and lack C-
H bond that can not provide __________.
macrominerals - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Mineral that are required in large quantities
Ca, P, Na, Mg, K, Cl, and S - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What are the macrominerals?
Build and maintain healthy bone and teeth, create and transmit nerve
impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, ensure optimum fluid volume
in body, assist in the absorption of macronutrients, and activate enzymes in
energy metabolism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Why are minerals important?
Ca - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The most abundant mineral in the body
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Ca transporters (apical membrane), calbindin (cytoplasm), and ATP-
dependent calcium pumps (basolateral membrane) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What
are the three proteins that facilitate Ca absorption?
vitamin D3 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What vitamin enhances Ca absorption?
increases the synthesis of Ca transporters and calbindin, and increases the
activity of ATP-dependent Ca pumps - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔How does vitamin D3
enhance Ca absorption?
growth, lactation, pregnancy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔When would an animal
experience an increase in calcium absorption?
Vitamin D3 deficiency, high phosphorus in diet, oxalic and phytic acid in
diet, and age plays a factor (old animals) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Factors that
cause calcium absorption to decrease.
bone mineralization - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The process that builds bones using
Ca in the blood
bone resorption - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The process that breaks down bones and
release Ca to blood
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, rickets - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Ca or vitamin D3 deficiency that causes softening
of bones in young animals due to failure of deposition of calcium in the
bones
osteoporosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔mature animals can develop
_____________, where bones become porous and brittle
Vitamin D3, PTH, and Calcitonin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What three hormones are
responsible for regulation of blood Ca concentration in the blood?
increase blood Ca by increasing Ca absorption from SI and increasing Ca
reabsorption from the kidneys - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔How does vitamin D3
regulate Ca concentrations in circulation?
increases blood Ca by enhancing bone resorption and increasing Ca
reabsorption from the kidneys - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔How does PTH regulate Ca
concentrations in circulation?
decreases blood Ca by increasing bone mineralization and decreasing Ca
reabsorption from the kidneys - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔How does Calcitonin
regulate Ca concentrations in circulation?
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Exam Questions Marking Scheme New
Update | A+ Rated
C-H - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Minerals are inorganic meaning they do not have
________ bonds
energy (ATP) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Because minerals are inorganic and lack C-
H bond that can not provide __________.
macrominerals - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Mineral that are required in large quantities
Ca, P, Na, Mg, K, Cl, and S - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What are the macrominerals?
Build and maintain healthy bone and teeth, create and transmit nerve
impulses, muscle contraction and relaxation, ensure optimum fluid volume
in body, assist in the absorption of macronutrients, and activate enzymes in
energy metabolism - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Why are minerals important?
Ca - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The most abundant mineral in the body
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Ca transporters (apical membrane), calbindin (cytoplasm), and ATP-
dependent calcium pumps (basolateral membrane) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What
are the three proteins that facilitate Ca absorption?
vitamin D3 - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What vitamin enhances Ca absorption?
increases the synthesis of Ca transporters and calbindin, and increases the
activity of ATP-dependent Ca pumps - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔How does vitamin D3
enhance Ca absorption?
growth, lactation, pregnancy - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔When would an animal
experience an increase in calcium absorption?
Vitamin D3 deficiency, high phosphorus in diet, oxalic and phytic acid in
diet, and age plays a factor (old animals) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Factors that
cause calcium absorption to decrease.
bone mineralization - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The process that builds bones using
Ca in the blood
bone resorption - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔The process that breaks down bones and
release Ca to blood
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, rickets - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Ca or vitamin D3 deficiency that causes softening
of bones in young animals due to failure of deposition of calcium in the
bones
osteoporosis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔mature animals can develop
_____________, where bones become porous and brittle
Vitamin D3, PTH, and Calcitonin - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔What three hormones are
responsible for regulation of blood Ca concentration in the blood?
increase blood Ca by increasing Ca absorption from SI and increasing Ca
reabsorption from the kidneys - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔How does vitamin D3
regulate Ca concentrations in circulation?
increases blood Ca by enhancing bone resorption and increasing Ca
reabsorption from the kidneys - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔How does PTH regulate Ca
concentrations in circulation?
decreases blood Ca by increasing bone mineralization and decreasing Ca
reabsorption from the kidneys - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔How does Calcitonin
regulate Ca concentrations in circulation?
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
