RNSG 1128 Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers Rated A+
Immune response attributes - Answers normal WBC and differential count, negative bacterial and viral
cx, soft, non-tender lymph nodes, recognition of self and of forein proteins
Immune response antecedents - Answers Intact non-specific defense or barriers, functional lymphatic
system, optimal innate immune response, functional inflammatory response, appropriate adaptive
acquired immune response- active and passive
Immune system -positive response - Answers replace damaged tissue and cells, recognize and remove
cell mutations and abnormal cell growths, protects from invasion of microorganisms and other antigens
Immune system- negative response - Answers Infxn-localized or systemic, cancer, immune suppression,
immune deficiency, chronic inflammatory, allergic, cytotoxic, autoimmune
Inflammatory response - Answers Protective mechanism that eliminates the invading pathogen and
allows for tissue repair to occur. Helps the body to neutralize, control, or eliminate the offending agent
and to prepare the site for repair. Also occurs in response to injury- acute or chronic
Cardinal signs of acute infxn - Answers Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of funtion, usually appearing at
the site of injury or inflammation
Main components of inflammatory process - Answers Vascular and cellular stages
Vascular stage - Answers The first stage of response to injury when blood vessels become more
permeable
Cellular stage - Answers White blood cells enter the injured tissue:
-Destroying infective organisms
-Removing damaged cells
-Releasing more inflammatory mediators to control further inflammation and healing
Acquired/adaptive immunity - Answers Develops as a result of prior exposure to an antigen thru
immunization (vaccination) or by contracting a disease. "Protective immune response". Takes weeks or
even months
Cell-mediated immune response - Answers Involves T-cell activation
Effector mechanism - Answers Involves B-cell maturation and production of antibodies
2 types of acquired immunity - Answers Active and passive
Active acquired immunity - Answers Immunologic defenses developed by the person's own body.
Typically lasts many years or even a lifetime
, Passive acquired immunity - Answers Temporary immunity transmitted from a source outside of the
body that has developed immunity thru prev dz or immunization. Ex: breastfeeding or injections of
immunoglobulin
Immune-primary prevention - Answers Prevent dz or injury before it occurs; vaccination
Immune-secondary prevention - Answers Reduce impact of a dz or injury that has already occurred;
exams and screening
Immune- tertiary prevention - Answers Soften impact of ongoing illness that has lasting effects; rehab or
support groups
O2 carrying capacity - Answers Max amt of O2 that will chemically bind to 1g of hemoglobin is 1.34mL
Hypoventilation - Answers Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
Hyperventilation - Answers Increased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
Hypoxia - Answers Inadequate amt of O2 is avail to cells
Hypoxemia - Answers Abnormally low concentration of O2 in blood
Adventitious breath sounds - Answers Crackles, wheeze, friction rub, stridor
Gas exchange-assessment - Answers Assess resp rate, depth, effort, use of accessory muscles, nasal
flaring, and abnormal breathing patterns. Monitor pt's behavior and mental status for onset of
restlessness, agitation, confusion, and extreme lethargy. Monitor for atelectasis: bronchial or tubular
breath sounds, crackles, diminished chest excursion, limited diaphragm excursion, and tracheal shift to
affected side. Observe for: bronchial breath sounds, consolidation, cough, fever, hemoptysis, pleural
effusion, pleuritic pain, and pleural friction rub. Observe nail beds, cyanosis in skin
Fluid and electrolyte attributes - Answers Equal intake and output, serum values fall within: Potassium
3.5-5.0, sodium 135-145, calcium 8.6-10.2, magnesium 1.3-2.3, phosphorus 2.5-4.5, serum osmolality
280-300, CVP 2-6mmHg
Fluid and electrolyte antecedents - Answers Fluid and electrolyte intake and absorption, mormal
functioning of RASS, cardiac output, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary glands functioning WNL,
regulation of body fluid compartments thru osmosis, diffusion and active transport
Fluid and electrolyte negative response - Answers Retention of fluid, impaired neuromuscular function,
cardiac arrhythmias, impaired cerebral function---confused seizure coma
Fluid and electrolyte concept - Answers Process of regulating the ECF volume, body fluid osmolality, and
plasma concentration of electrolytes
Fluid and electrolyte-vomiting - Answers Loss of sodium, potassium and chloride
Immune response attributes - Answers normal WBC and differential count, negative bacterial and viral
cx, soft, non-tender lymph nodes, recognition of self and of forein proteins
Immune response antecedents - Answers Intact non-specific defense or barriers, functional lymphatic
system, optimal innate immune response, functional inflammatory response, appropriate adaptive
acquired immune response- active and passive
Immune system -positive response - Answers replace damaged tissue and cells, recognize and remove
cell mutations and abnormal cell growths, protects from invasion of microorganisms and other antigens
Immune system- negative response - Answers Infxn-localized or systemic, cancer, immune suppression,
immune deficiency, chronic inflammatory, allergic, cytotoxic, autoimmune
Inflammatory response - Answers Protective mechanism that eliminates the invading pathogen and
allows for tissue repair to occur. Helps the body to neutralize, control, or eliminate the offending agent
and to prepare the site for repair. Also occurs in response to injury- acute or chronic
Cardinal signs of acute infxn - Answers Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of funtion, usually appearing at
the site of injury or inflammation
Main components of inflammatory process - Answers Vascular and cellular stages
Vascular stage - Answers The first stage of response to injury when blood vessels become more
permeable
Cellular stage - Answers White blood cells enter the injured tissue:
-Destroying infective organisms
-Removing damaged cells
-Releasing more inflammatory mediators to control further inflammation and healing
Acquired/adaptive immunity - Answers Develops as a result of prior exposure to an antigen thru
immunization (vaccination) or by contracting a disease. "Protective immune response". Takes weeks or
even months
Cell-mediated immune response - Answers Involves T-cell activation
Effector mechanism - Answers Involves B-cell maturation and production of antibodies
2 types of acquired immunity - Answers Active and passive
Active acquired immunity - Answers Immunologic defenses developed by the person's own body.
Typically lasts many years or even a lifetime
, Passive acquired immunity - Answers Temporary immunity transmitted from a source outside of the
body that has developed immunity thru prev dz or immunization. Ex: breastfeeding or injections of
immunoglobulin
Immune-primary prevention - Answers Prevent dz or injury before it occurs; vaccination
Immune-secondary prevention - Answers Reduce impact of a dz or injury that has already occurred;
exams and screening
Immune- tertiary prevention - Answers Soften impact of ongoing illness that has lasting effects; rehab or
support groups
O2 carrying capacity - Answers Max amt of O2 that will chemically bind to 1g of hemoglobin is 1.34mL
Hypoventilation - Answers Decreased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
Hyperventilation - Answers Increased rate or depth of air movement into the lungs
Hypoxia - Answers Inadequate amt of O2 is avail to cells
Hypoxemia - Answers Abnormally low concentration of O2 in blood
Adventitious breath sounds - Answers Crackles, wheeze, friction rub, stridor
Gas exchange-assessment - Answers Assess resp rate, depth, effort, use of accessory muscles, nasal
flaring, and abnormal breathing patterns. Monitor pt's behavior and mental status for onset of
restlessness, agitation, confusion, and extreme lethargy. Monitor for atelectasis: bronchial or tubular
breath sounds, crackles, diminished chest excursion, limited diaphragm excursion, and tracheal shift to
affected side. Observe for: bronchial breath sounds, consolidation, cough, fever, hemoptysis, pleural
effusion, pleuritic pain, and pleural friction rub. Observe nail beds, cyanosis in skin
Fluid and electrolyte attributes - Answers Equal intake and output, serum values fall within: Potassium
3.5-5.0, sodium 135-145, calcium 8.6-10.2, magnesium 1.3-2.3, phosphorus 2.5-4.5, serum osmolality
280-300, CVP 2-6mmHg
Fluid and electrolyte antecedents - Answers Fluid and electrolyte intake and absorption, mormal
functioning of RASS, cardiac output, adrenal, thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary glands functioning WNL,
regulation of body fluid compartments thru osmosis, diffusion and active transport
Fluid and electrolyte negative response - Answers Retention of fluid, impaired neuromuscular function,
cardiac arrhythmias, impaired cerebral function---confused seizure coma
Fluid and electrolyte concept - Answers Process of regulating the ECF volume, body fluid osmolality, and
plasma concentration of electrolytes
Fluid and electrolyte-vomiting - Answers Loss of sodium, potassium and chloride
