BMED 460 MIDTERM
questions and answers
biophysical concepts - answer movement, interactions
types of movement - answer Brownian, Bulk Flow/Convection
Brownian Motion - answer random movement due to thermal energy
Bulk Flow/Convection - answer movement due to pressure
gradients/concentration gradients
types of interactions - answer electrostatic and electrosteric
electrostatic interactions - answer polar and nonpolar, repulsions and
attractions, lipid bilayer
electrosteric interactions - answer charge and shape, protein 3D
confirmation, R groups, interactions between biologics
3 levels of protein confirmation - answer 1 - R group interactions create 3D
confirmation of protein
2 - Confirmation creates what substrate protein can interact with
3 - new confirmation create when substrate and protein combine
components of lipid bilayer - answer fatty acid tails, phosphate head group,
glycerol backbone
,when thinking like a physiologist, facts are - answer tools to use for solving
problems
at a cellular level, processes of different organs are quite - answer similar
What component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its low
permeability to polar ions, molecules, and gases? - answer Phospholipids
The inside of a cell is _________, owing to the electrochemical gradient
established by a high concentration of __________ inside the cell and
__________ outside the cell. - answer negative, potassium, sodium
significance of type 2 diabetes - answer -22 million cases in US-Age, obesity,
and inactivity are risk factors
-increasing incidence but almost always preventable
-increased complications in coronary artery disease, hypertension, kidney
disease, retina disease, nerve damage in hands and feet, and chronic
ulcerations
why study insulin resistance - answer -rising incidence-severe complications
-illustrates cell signaling and utilizes physiology to solve problems
-no biomedical engineering solutions (only medication, diet, and exercise)
Etiology - answer cause of disease
precisely modifiable correlate for type two diabetes - answer dsylipidemia
(high levels of lipids in the blod)
Dyslipidemia - answer Abnormally elevated cholesterol or fats
(lipids)/triglycerides in the blood.
, insulin resistance - answer The inability of the cells to respond to insulin;
occurs in type 2 diabetes.
type two diabetes - answer a condition in which the body cannot effectively
use the insulin it produces
Why is glycerol a good control for the Type 2 Diabetes Case Study? - answer
extremely similar to lipids, Glycerol is similar to to the hypothesized effector
(triglycerides) and is a breakdown product. TAG is composed of a glycerol
and 3 fatty acid chains. As lipase works in the body, it cleaves fatty acid tails
to be used for ATP synthesis.
What makes for a good placebo? - answer Something that is similar to what
the treatment is, but not having the same effect
What is the impact of lipids on glucose infusion rate? - answer Lipids
decrease the glucose infusion rate into the blood, this is because the cells
are taking up less glucose as the insulin function is being inhibited
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp - answer -catheterize veins to infuse
insulin and glucose or draw blood
-amount of glucose infused equals amount of glucose taken up by cells
-continuous infusion of insulin to cause cells to take glucose
-infusion of glucose to maintain at 5mM
General cell signaling paradigm - answer A ligand (can be anything from a
photon to a protein) binds to its receptor in the plasma mambrane and
causes a 2nd messenger to be affected so they can carry the ligand's signal
into the cell.
General cell signaling receptors - answer ** These sit in the plasma
membrane and wait to interact with a ligand
-nuclear receptor
questions and answers
biophysical concepts - answer movement, interactions
types of movement - answer Brownian, Bulk Flow/Convection
Brownian Motion - answer random movement due to thermal energy
Bulk Flow/Convection - answer movement due to pressure
gradients/concentration gradients
types of interactions - answer electrostatic and electrosteric
electrostatic interactions - answer polar and nonpolar, repulsions and
attractions, lipid bilayer
electrosteric interactions - answer charge and shape, protein 3D
confirmation, R groups, interactions between biologics
3 levels of protein confirmation - answer 1 - R group interactions create 3D
confirmation of protein
2 - Confirmation creates what substrate protein can interact with
3 - new confirmation create when substrate and protein combine
components of lipid bilayer - answer fatty acid tails, phosphate head group,
glycerol backbone
,when thinking like a physiologist, facts are - answer tools to use for solving
problems
at a cellular level, processes of different organs are quite - answer similar
What component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its low
permeability to polar ions, molecules, and gases? - answer Phospholipids
The inside of a cell is _________, owing to the electrochemical gradient
established by a high concentration of __________ inside the cell and
__________ outside the cell. - answer negative, potassium, sodium
significance of type 2 diabetes - answer -22 million cases in US-Age, obesity,
and inactivity are risk factors
-increasing incidence but almost always preventable
-increased complications in coronary artery disease, hypertension, kidney
disease, retina disease, nerve damage in hands and feet, and chronic
ulcerations
why study insulin resistance - answer -rising incidence-severe complications
-illustrates cell signaling and utilizes physiology to solve problems
-no biomedical engineering solutions (only medication, diet, and exercise)
Etiology - answer cause of disease
precisely modifiable correlate for type two diabetes - answer dsylipidemia
(high levels of lipids in the blod)
Dyslipidemia - answer Abnormally elevated cholesterol or fats
(lipids)/triglycerides in the blood.
, insulin resistance - answer The inability of the cells to respond to insulin;
occurs in type 2 diabetes.
type two diabetes - answer a condition in which the body cannot effectively
use the insulin it produces
Why is glycerol a good control for the Type 2 Diabetes Case Study? - answer
extremely similar to lipids, Glycerol is similar to to the hypothesized effector
(triglycerides) and is a breakdown product. TAG is composed of a glycerol
and 3 fatty acid chains. As lipase works in the body, it cleaves fatty acid tails
to be used for ATP synthesis.
What makes for a good placebo? - answer Something that is similar to what
the treatment is, but not having the same effect
What is the impact of lipids on glucose infusion rate? - answer Lipids
decrease the glucose infusion rate into the blood, this is because the cells
are taking up less glucose as the insulin function is being inhibited
Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp - answer -catheterize veins to infuse
insulin and glucose or draw blood
-amount of glucose infused equals amount of glucose taken up by cells
-continuous infusion of insulin to cause cells to take glucose
-infusion of glucose to maintain at 5mM
General cell signaling paradigm - answer A ligand (can be anything from a
photon to a protein) binds to its receptor in the plasma mambrane and
causes a 2nd messenger to be affected so they can carry the ligand's signal
into the cell.
General cell signaling receptors - answer ** These sit in the plasma
membrane and wait to interact with a ligand
-nuclear receptor
