Nurs 5315 Pulmonary | EXAM 2025/2026 LATEST UPDATE | COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
WITH 100% RATED ANSWERS
Which condition is most likely to cause increased airway resistance in obstructive pulmonary
diseases?
A) Alveolar collapse
B) Airway inflammation and mucus production
C) Reduced lung volume
D) Scoliosis B) Airway inflammation and mucus production
Rationale: In obstructive diseases like asthma, inflammation and mucus production increase
airway resistance, impairing airflow.
What is a typical physical exam finding in a patient with emphysema?
A) Increased breath sounds
B) Cyanosis and peripheral edema
C) Barrel chest appearance
D) Wheezing and rhonchi C) Barrel chest appearance
Rationale: Emphysema causes hyperinflation of the lungs, leading to a characteristic "barrel
chest" appearance due to air trapping.
,What is the primary difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis in terms of lung
pathology?
A) Emphysema involves airway obstruction, while chronic bronchitis affects alveoli.
B) Emphysema results in alveolar wall destruction, while chronic bronchitis causes mucus
hypersecretion.
C) Both conditions are characterized by increased mucus production.
D) Emphysema causes chronic productive cough, while chronic bronchitis causes dyspnea.
B) Emphysema results in alveolar wall destruction, while chronic bronchitis causes mucus
hypersecretion.
Rationale: Emphysema destroys alveolar walls, leading to loss of lung tissue, while chronic
bronchitis leads to mucus hypersecretion and airway obstruction.
What is the effect of restrictive lung diseases on spirometry?
A) Normal FEV1/FVC ratio with reduced FEV1 and FVC
B) Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio with high total lung capacity
C) Reduced FEV1 and FVC with normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
D) Increased TLC and FEV1 C) Reduced FEV1 and FVC with normal or increased FEV1/FVC
ratio
Rationale: In restrictive diseases, FVC and FEV1 are reduced, but the FEV1/FVC ratio remains
normal or is increased.
,What is the most common mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF)?
A) F508del
B) G551D
C) N1303K
D) R117H A) F508del
Rationale: F508del is the most common mutation in the CFTR gene that causes cystic fibrosis,
leading to misfolded proteins and defective chloride transport.
Cystic fibrosis is inherited in which manner?
A) X-linked dominant
B) Autosomal dominant
C) Autosomal recessive
D) X-linked recessive C) Autosomal recessive
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, meaning that both
parents must carry a mutated gene for the disease to manifest.
What is the primary cause of respiratory failure in cystic fibrosis?
A) Mucus plugging in the airways
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Interstitial lung disease
, D) Diaphragm paralysis A) Mucus plugging in the airways
Rationale: In cystic fibrosis, thick mucus obstructs the airways, leading to chronic infections and
progressive respiratory failure.
What diagnostic test confirms cystic fibrosis?
A) Blood culture for bacteria
B) Sweat chloride test
C) Chest X-ray
D) Pulmonary function test B) Sweat chloride test
Rationale: Elevated chloride levels in sweat (>60 mmol/L) are diagnostic for cystic fibrosis.
In cystic fibrosis, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is indicated to address which
complication?
A) Chronic liver disease
B) Pancreatic insufficiency
C) Chronic pain
D) Insulin resistance B) Pancreatic insufficiency
Rationale: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is used to address malabsorption of
nutrients due to pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis.
WITH 100% RATED ANSWERS
Which condition is most likely to cause increased airway resistance in obstructive pulmonary
diseases?
A) Alveolar collapse
B) Airway inflammation and mucus production
C) Reduced lung volume
D) Scoliosis B) Airway inflammation and mucus production
Rationale: In obstructive diseases like asthma, inflammation and mucus production increase
airway resistance, impairing airflow.
What is a typical physical exam finding in a patient with emphysema?
A) Increased breath sounds
B) Cyanosis and peripheral edema
C) Barrel chest appearance
D) Wheezing and rhonchi C) Barrel chest appearance
Rationale: Emphysema causes hyperinflation of the lungs, leading to a characteristic "barrel
chest" appearance due to air trapping.
,What is the primary difference between emphysema and chronic bronchitis in terms of lung
pathology?
A) Emphysema involves airway obstruction, while chronic bronchitis affects alveoli.
B) Emphysema results in alveolar wall destruction, while chronic bronchitis causes mucus
hypersecretion.
C) Both conditions are characterized by increased mucus production.
D) Emphysema causes chronic productive cough, while chronic bronchitis causes dyspnea.
B) Emphysema results in alveolar wall destruction, while chronic bronchitis causes mucus
hypersecretion.
Rationale: Emphysema destroys alveolar walls, leading to loss of lung tissue, while chronic
bronchitis leads to mucus hypersecretion and airway obstruction.
What is the effect of restrictive lung diseases on spirometry?
A) Normal FEV1/FVC ratio with reduced FEV1 and FVC
B) Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio with high total lung capacity
C) Reduced FEV1 and FVC with normal or increased FEV1/FVC ratio
D) Increased TLC and FEV1 C) Reduced FEV1 and FVC with normal or increased FEV1/FVC
ratio
Rationale: In restrictive diseases, FVC and FEV1 are reduced, but the FEV1/FVC ratio remains
normal or is increased.
,What is the most common mutation responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF)?
A) F508del
B) G551D
C) N1303K
D) R117H A) F508del
Rationale: F508del is the most common mutation in the CFTR gene that causes cystic fibrosis,
leading to misfolded proteins and defective chloride transport.
Cystic fibrosis is inherited in which manner?
A) X-linked dominant
B) Autosomal dominant
C) Autosomal recessive
D) X-linked recessive C) Autosomal recessive
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, meaning that both
parents must carry a mutated gene for the disease to manifest.
What is the primary cause of respiratory failure in cystic fibrosis?
A) Mucus plugging in the airways
B) Pulmonary embolism
C) Interstitial lung disease
, D) Diaphragm paralysis A) Mucus plugging in the airways
Rationale: In cystic fibrosis, thick mucus obstructs the airways, leading to chronic infections and
progressive respiratory failure.
What diagnostic test confirms cystic fibrosis?
A) Blood culture for bacteria
B) Sweat chloride test
C) Chest X-ray
D) Pulmonary function test B) Sweat chloride test
Rationale: Elevated chloride levels in sweat (>60 mmol/L) are diagnostic for cystic fibrosis.
In cystic fibrosis, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is indicated to address which
complication?
A) Chronic liver disease
B) Pancreatic insufficiency
C) Chronic pain
D) Insulin resistance B) Pancreatic insufficiency
Rationale: Pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy is used to address malabsorption of
nutrients due to pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis.
