DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH 100%VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is a centralized computer system? - ✔✔centralized computer system has all processes
and data storage on one main server, and users access it through connected devices.
Define distributed systems. - ✔✔distributed systems consist of multiple devices working
together, communicating and collaborating to perform tasks.
What are the main differences between centralized and distributed systems? - ✔✔Centralized
systems handle all tasks on one mainframe, while distributed systems split tasks across multiple
devices for security and scalability.
What are LAN, MAN, and WAN networks? - ✔✔LAN is a Local Area Network, MAN is a
Metropolitan Area Network, and WAN is a Wide Area Network, each covering different
geographical areas.
Explain the purpose of Ethernet in networking. - ✔✔Ethernet creates a network allowing
devices like computers and printers to communicate with each other using data packets.
What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)? - ✔✔NIC is a hardware component that connects a
device to a network, enabling it to send and receive data.
How does a switch function in an Ethernet network? - ✔✔A switch directs data packets to the
correct destinations in a network, avoiding collisions by sending data to specific devices.
What are VLANs and their purpose? - ✔✔VLANs allow logical segmentation of a physical
network into multiple virtual networks, improving security and management.
Define OSI layers: Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3. - ✔✔Layer 1 is the Physical layer, Layer 2
is the Data Link layer, and Layer 3 is the Network layer, each handling different network
functions.
, What is the purpose of an IP address? - ✔✔An IP address identifies a device's interface within
a network, allowing communication across networks.
Explain the function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). - ✔✔ARP maps IP addresses
to MAC addresses, allowing devices to communicate on a local network.
What is the difference between static and dynamic routing? - ✔✔Static routing involves
manually setting routes, while dynamic routing uses protocols to update routes automatically.
Define Network Address Translation (NAT) and its use. - ✔✔NAT translates private IP
addresses to public ones for internet access, often used in routers and firewalls.
What is Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)? - ✔✔VRF allows multiple virtual routers
within a single physical router, enabling network segmentation.
Explain the purpose of TCP and UDP in data transmission. - ✔✔TCP is a reliable,
connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is a faster, connectionless protocol used when speed is
crucial.
What are firewalls, and at what OSI layers do they operate? - ✔✔Firewalls monitor and
control network traffic based on predefined rules and operate on Layers 2, 3, and 4.
What is the function of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems
(IPS)? - ✔✔IDS detects unusual traffic and alerts, while IPS actively blocks suspected
malicious traffic.
What is the role of hypervisors in virtualization? - ✔✔Hypervisors allow multiple virtual
machines to run on a single physical machine, facilitating resource sharing.
WITH 100%VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is a centralized computer system? - ✔✔centralized computer system has all processes
and data storage on one main server, and users access it through connected devices.
Define distributed systems. - ✔✔distributed systems consist of multiple devices working
together, communicating and collaborating to perform tasks.
What are the main differences between centralized and distributed systems? - ✔✔Centralized
systems handle all tasks on one mainframe, while distributed systems split tasks across multiple
devices for security and scalability.
What are LAN, MAN, and WAN networks? - ✔✔LAN is a Local Area Network, MAN is a
Metropolitan Area Network, and WAN is a Wide Area Network, each covering different
geographical areas.
Explain the purpose of Ethernet in networking. - ✔✔Ethernet creates a network allowing
devices like computers and printers to communicate with each other using data packets.
What is a Network Interface Card (NIC)? - ✔✔NIC is a hardware component that connects a
device to a network, enabling it to send and receive data.
How does a switch function in an Ethernet network? - ✔✔A switch directs data packets to the
correct destinations in a network, avoiding collisions by sending data to specific devices.
What are VLANs and their purpose? - ✔✔VLANs allow logical segmentation of a physical
network into multiple virtual networks, improving security and management.
Define OSI layers: Layer 1, Layer 2, and Layer 3. - ✔✔Layer 1 is the Physical layer, Layer 2
is the Data Link layer, and Layer 3 is the Network layer, each handling different network
functions.
, What is the purpose of an IP address? - ✔✔An IP address identifies a device's interface within
a network, allowing communication across networks.
Explain the function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). - ✔✔ARP maps IP addresses
to MAC addresses, allowing devices to communicate on a local network.
What is the difference between static and dynamic routing? - ✔✔Static routing involves
manually setting routes, while dynamic routing uses protocols to update routes automatically.
Define Network Address Translation (NAT) and its use. - ✔✔NAT translates private IP
addresses to public ones for internet access, often used in routers and firewalls.
What is Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF)? - ✔✔VRF allows multiple virtual routers
within a single physical router, enabling network segmentation.
Explain the purpose of TCP and UDP in data transmission. - ✔✔TCP is a reliable,
connection-oriented protocol, while UDP is a faster, connectionless protocol used when speed is
crucial.
What are firewalls, and at what OSI layers do they operate? - ✔✔Firewalls monitor and
control network traffic based on predefined rules and operate on Layers 2, 3, and 4.
What is the function of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems
(IPS)? - ✔✔IDS detects unusual traffic and alerts, while IPS actively blocks suspected
malicious traffic.
What is the role of hypervisors in virtualization? - ✔✔Hypervisors allow multiple virtual
machines to run on a single physical machine, facilitating resource sharing.
