PNR 101 Exam 3 Questions Answered Correctly Latest Version 2025 Already Passed
Nociception - Answers physiologic processes related to pain perception (transduction, transmission,
perception, modulation)
Transduction - Answers noxious stimuli trigger release of biochemical mediators (i.e. prostaglandins,
bradykinin, serotonin, etc)
Mechanical Pain Stimuli - Answers mechanical {trauma(surgery), edema, blockage of body duct, tumor,
muscle spasm,} thermal {extreme heat or cold}
Chemical - Answers tissue ischemia, muscle spasm
Transmission - Answers 3 segments: travel of impulses to spinal cord, transmission from spinal cord to
the brainstem and thalamus, transmission of signals between thalamus to somatic sensory cortex where
pain perception occurs
Perception - Answers pt becomes conscious of pain
Modulation - Answers neurons send signals back down spinal cord
Gate Theory - Answers Activating 'A' (large) fibers closes the gate
Stimulating 'C' (small) fibers opens the gate
Acute pain - Answers -Recent onset, lasts only through the recovery period
-Lasts less than 6 months
-May have ↑HR,RR,BP, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, dilated pupils
-Treatment
Chronic Pain - Answers -Lasts 3-6 months or longer
-May have irritability, depression, withdrawal, insomnia, weight loss or gain, deconditioning
-VS often within normal range
Pain is described - Answers location, duration, intensity and etiology
Assess appearance - Answers behavior, activity, verbalization, physiologic cues
LOCATION - Answers referred (appears to arise in different areas); radiate (spread or extend) to other
areas; visceral (arising from organs)
DURATION - Answers acute, chronic
INTENSITY - Answers 1-3 is mild, 4-6 moderate, 7-10 severe
, ETIOLOGY - Answers what is causing the pain?
PQRST - Answers provocation/palliation, quality/quantity, region/radiation, severity scale, timing
FLACC - Answers face, legs, activity, cry, consolability
Sterile Technique - Answers •Surgical Asepsis
•Free of all microorganisms
•Sterile field
•Employed in general care areas
•Sterile gloves- nitrile rubber, polyvinyl chloride, neoprene & latex
•Open or closed method
•Latex, nitrile more flexible than vinyl
•Sterile gowns
•Mask, protected sterile gloves
Principals of surgical asepsis - Answers 1. A sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another
sterile object.
2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field.
3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a person's waist is
contaminated.
4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.
5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or field
becomes contaminated by capillary action.
6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity.
7. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated.
Preoperative Phase - Answers begins with decision to have surgery, lasts until patient is transferred to
operating room or procedural bed
intraoperative phase - Answers begins when the patient is transferred onto the OR table and ends with
admission to the PACU
Postoperative phase - Answers begins with the admission of the patient to the PACU and ends with a
follow-up evaluation in the clinical setting or home, when healing is complete
Nociception - Answers physiologic processes related to pain perception (transduction, transmission,
perception, modulation)
Transduction - Answers noxious stimuli trigger release of biochemical mediators (i.e. prostaglandins,
bradykinin, serotonin, etc)
Mechanical Pain Stimuli - Answers mechanical {trauma(surgery), edema, blockage of body duct, tumor,
muscle spasm,} thermal {extreme heat or cold}
Chemical - Answers tissue ischemia, muscle spasm
Transmission - Answers 3 segments: travel of impulses to spinal cord, transmission from spinal cord to
the brainstem and thalamus, transmission of signals between thalamus to somatic sensory cortex where
pain perception occurs
Perception - Answers pt becomes conscious of pain
Modulation - Answers neurons send signals back down spinal cord
Gate Theory - Answers Activating 'A' (large) fibers closes the gate
Stimulating 'C' (small) fibers opens the gate
Acute pain - Answers -Recent onset, lasts only through the recovery period
-Lasts less than 6 months
-May have ↑HR,RR,BP, diaphoresis, nausea, vomiting, dilated pupils
-Treatment
Chronic Pain - Answers -Lasts 3-6 months or longer
-May have irritability, depression, withdrawal, insomnia, weight loss or gain, deconditioning
-VS often within normal range
Pain is described - Answers location, duration, intensity and etiology
Assess appearance - Answers behavior, activity, verbalization, physiologic cues
LOCATION - Answers referred (appears to arise in different areas); radiate (spread or extend) to other
areas; visceral (arising from organs)
DURATION - Answers acute, chronic
INTENSITY - Answers 1-3 is mild, 4-6 moderate, 7-10 severe
, ETIOLOGY - Answers what is causing the pain?
PQRST - Answers provocation/palliation, quality/quantity, region/radiation, severity scale, timing
FLACC - Answers face, legs, activity, cry, consolability
Sterile Technique - Answers •Surgical Asepsis
•Free of all microorganisms
•Sterile field
•Employed in general care areas
•Sterile gloves- nitrile rubber, polyvinyl chloride, neoprene & latex
•Open or closed method
•Latex, nitrile more flexible than vinyl
•Sterile gowns
•Mask, protected sterile gloves
Principals of surgical asepsis - Answers 1. A sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another
sterile object.
2. Only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field.
3. A sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a person's waist is
contaminated.
4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air.
5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or field
becomes contaminated by capillary action.
6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity.
7. The edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated.
Preoperative Phase - Answers begins with decision to have surgery, lasts until patient is transferred to
operating room or procedural bed
intraoperative phase - Answers begins when the patient is transferred onto the OR table and ends with
admission to the PACU
Postoperative phase - Answers begins with the admission of the patient to the PACU and ends with a
follow-up evaluation in the clinical setting or home, when healing is complete
