.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind f f f f f f
LEARNING OBJECTIVES f
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
f f f f f f f
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1.3. Describethe limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
f f f f f f f f f f
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
f f f f f f f f
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and howitworks.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-ment of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f “computer intelligence.” f
MULTIPLE CHOICE f
1. Which of the following topics is NOTcommonly studied within cognitive psychology?
f f f f f f f f f f f
a. anger management
f c. memory
b. decision making f d. Attention
ANS: A f DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
f f f f
OBJ: 1.1
f MSC: Understanding f
2. Cognitive processes are NOTnecessary for which daily activity?
f f f f f f f f
a. reading a newspaper
f f c. talking on the phone f f f
b. studying for a test f f f d. breathing
ANS: D f DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
f f f f
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease f
b. language acquisition f d. problem-solving strategies f
,.
ANS: C f DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
f f f f
OBJ: 1.1
f MSC: Applying f
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most people, after f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference about
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
f f f f f f f
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an event or
f f f f f f f f f f f f
conversation.
f
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
f f f f f f f
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in an
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
event.
f
d. theindividual sentences are short.
f f f f
ANS: A f DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for Memory f f f f
OBJ: 1.1
f MSC: Understanding f
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ANS: D f DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss f f f
OBJ: 1.2
f MSC: Applying f
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists. f f f f f f f f
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on someone’s
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ability to remember.
f f f
c. Memory is not very important. f f f f
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
specific sites that are damaged.
f f f f f
ANS: B f f DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
f f f f
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
f f f f f f f
a. memorydysfunction. f c. inarticulatespeech. f
b. an inability to recognize patterns.
f f f f d. impaired language comprehension. f f
ANS: A f DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss f f f
OBJ: 1.2
f MSC: Remembering f
8. The term “introspection” refers to the
f f f f f
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity.
f f f f f f f f f f
, .
c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication.
f f f f f f f f f f
ANS: C f DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Remembering f
9. Aparticipant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This method
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
is called
f
a. logical inference. f c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: C f DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Remembering f
10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying
f f f f f f f f
a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion.
f f f f f f
b. mental events that are unconscious.
f f f f
c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge. f f f f
d. events that take a long time to unfold.
f f f f f f f
ANS: B f DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Understanding f
11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE?
f f f f f f f f
a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly.
f f f f f f f f f
b. It is subjective.
f f
c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing.
f f f f f
d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition.
f f f f f f f f
ANS: C f DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Understanding f
12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she examines and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. practical rehearsal f c. learning history analysis f f
b. introspection d. goal retrieval f
ANS: B f DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Applying f
13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because f f f f f f f f f f f
a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training.
f f f f f f f f
c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events.
f f f f f f f f
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind f f f f f f
LEARNING OBJECTIVES f
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
f f f f f f f
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1.3. Describethe limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
f f f f f f f f f f
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
f f f f f f f f
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and howitworks.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the develop-ment of
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
f “computer intelligence.” f
MULTIPLE CHOICE f
1. Which of the following topics is NOTcommonly studied within cognitive psychology?
f f f f f f f f f f f
a. anger management
f c. memory
b. decision making f d. Attention
ANS: A f DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
f f f f
OBJ: 1.1
f MSC: Understanding f
2. Cognitive processes are NOTnecessary for which daily activity?
f f f f f f f f
a. reading a newspaper
f f c. talking on the phone f f f
b. studying for a test f f f d. breathing
ANS: D f DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
f f f f
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her. Which of the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease f
b. language acquisition f d. problem-solving strategies f
,.
ANS: C f DIF: Easy REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
f f f f
OBJ: 1.1
f MSC: Applying f
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most people, after f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend on the gift. This inference about
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
f f f f f f f
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding an event or
f f f f f f f f f f f f
conversation.
f
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
f f f f f f f
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people involved in an
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
event.
f
d. theindividual sentences are short.
f f f f
ANS: A f DIF: Easy REF: The Broad Role for Memory f f f f
OBJ: 1.1
f MSC: Understanding f
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ANS: D f DIF: Moderate REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss f f f
OBJ: 1.2
f MSC: Applying f
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists. f f f f f f f f
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on someone’s
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
ability to remember.
f f f
c. Memory is not very important. f f f f
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and not on the
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
specific sites that are damaged.
f f f f f
ANS: B f f DIF: Moderate REF: The Scope of Cognitive Psychology
f f f f
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patients suffering from clinical amnesia are characterized by
f f f f f f f
a. memorydysfunction. f c. inarticulatespeech. f
b. an inability to recognize patterns.
f f f f d. impaired language comprehension. f f
ANS: A f DIF: Easy REF: Amnesia and Memory Loss f f f
OBJ: 1.2
f MSC: Remembering f
8. The term “introspection” refers to the
f f f f f
a. process by which one individual seeks to infer the thoughts of another individual.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
b. procedure of examining thought processing by monitoring the brain’s electrical activity.
f f f f f f f f f f
, .
c. process of each person looking within, to observe his or her own thoughts and ideas.
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
d. technique of studying thought by interpreting the symbols used in communication.
f f f f f f f f f f
ANS: C f DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Remembering f
9. Aparticipant is asked to look within himself or herself and report on his or her own mental processes. This method
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
is called
f
a. logical inference. f c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS: C f DIF: Easy REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Remembering f
10. Of the following, introspection is LEAST useful for studying
f f f f f f f f
a. topics that are strongly colored by emotion.
f f f f f f
b. mental events that are unconscious.
f f f f
c. processes that involve conceptual knowledge. f f f f
d. events that take a long time to unfold.
f f f f f f f
ANS: B f DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Understanding f
11. Which of the following statements about introspection is FALSE?
f f f f f f f f
a. It is the only way to observe conscious events directly.
f f f f f f f f f
b. It is subjective.
f f
c. It provides strong evidence for hypothesis-testing.
f f f f f
d. It was a technique used historically to study cognition.
f f f f f f f f
ANS: C f DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Understanding f
12. Genie wonders why she can never remember the names of new acquaintances. In search of an answer, she examines and
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
reflects on her feelings about meeting new people. Genie is engaged in which process?
f f f f f f f f f f f f f f
a. practical rehearsal f c. learning history analysis f f
b. introspection d. goal retrieval f
ANS: B f DIF: Moderate REF: The Limits of Introspection
f f f
OBJ: 1.3
f MSC: Applying f
13. Introspection was employed as a research tool in the late 1800s because f f f f f f f f f f f
a. it was regarded as the only way to observe the mind’s contents directly.
f f f f f f f f f f f f
b. it provided data from individuals without any specialized training.
f f f f f f f f
c. conscious events are just as important as unconscious events.
f f f f f f f f
