100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached 4.6 TrustPilot
logo-home
Summary

Literatuursamenvatting What is this thing called Knowledge? en college-aantekeningen- Inleiding in de filosofie (PABAP040)

Rating
-
Sold
-
Pages
75
Uploaded on
17-04-2025
Written in
2023/2024

Volledige literatuursamenvatting van 'What is this thing called knowledge?' van Pritchard en alle college-aantekeningen van 2023/2024 voor Inleiding in de Filosofie.

Institution
Module











Whoops! We can’t load your doc right now. Try again or contact support.

Written for

Institution
Study
Module

Document information

Uploaded on
April 17, 2025
Number of pages
75
Written in
2023/2024
Type
Summary

Subjects

Content preview

1


Aantekeningen Filosofie


Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding en utilisme.................................................................................6
Intro...........................................................................................................................6
Wat is filosofie?....................................................................................................6
Definities...............................................................................................................6
Ethiek........................................................................................................................6
Definities ethiek....................................................................................................6
Normen en waarden.............................................................................................6
Geschiedenis........................................................................................................7
Drie huidige (sluipende) problemen.....................................................................7
Doel boek Tännsjö...............................................................................................7
Model toegepaste ethiek......................................................................................7
Één waarheid?.....................................................................................................8
Kennis over morele principes...............................................................................8
Utilisme.....................................................................................................................8
Morele principes...................................................................................................8
Simpele uitgangspunten utilisme.........................................................................9
Vragen..................................................................................................................9
Stromingen binnen utilisme..................................................................................9
Globale bezwaren tegen utilisme.......................................................................10
Beslisprocedure utilisme....................................................................................10
Hedonistische calculus.......................................................................................10
Hoofdstuk 2: Egoïstische ethiek en contractualisme..................................................11
Egoïstische ethiek..................................................................................................11
Kernpunten.........................................................................................................11
Drie stromingen..................................................................................................11
Bezwaren...........................................................................................................12
Conclusie: argumenten voor..............................................................................12
Conclusie: argumenten tegen............................................................................12
Contractualisme......................................................................................................13
Kernpunten.........................................................................................................13
Onderdelen.........................................................................................................13
Conclusie............................................................................................................13
Voorbeelden.......................................................................................................13
Bezwaren...........................................................................................................14
Hoofdstuk 3: Deontologie...........................................................................................15
Deontologie.............................................................................................................15
Intro....................................................................................................................15
Kernpunten.........................................................................................................15
Stromingen.........................................................................................................15
Waardigheid.......................................................................................................15

, 2


Mag je dan nooit doden?........................................................................................16
Euthanasie.........................................................................................................16
Abortus...............................................................................................................16
Suïcide...............................................................................................................16
Straf....................................................................................................................16
Doodstraf............................................................................................................16
Plichtethiek.............................................................................................................17
Uitgangspunten..................................................................................................17
Thomistische plichtethiek.......................................................................................17
Hoofdstuk 4: Wat is kennis? (Part I)...........................................................................18
Intro (H1).................................................................................................................18
Epistemologie.....................................................................................................18
Soorten kennis...................................................................................................18
Criteria voor kennis............................................................................................18
Samenvatting ‘intro’ (H1)....................................................................................19
De waarde van kennis (H2)....................................................................................20
Instrumentele vs. non-instrumentele waarde.....................................................20
Instrumentele waarde true belief........................................................................20
Wanneer is true belief waardevol?.....................................................................21
De waarde van kennis........................................................................................21
De waarde van non-instrumentele kennis..........................................................21
Samenvatting ‘waarde van kennis’ (H2)............................................................22
Het definiëren van kennis (H3)...............................................................................23
Het probleem van het criterium..........................................................................23
Methodisme en particularisme...........................................................................23
Justified true belief.............................................................................................23
Gettier cases......................................................................................................24
Definitie van kennis volgens Gettier...................................................................24
Samenvatting ‘het definiëren van kennis’ (H3)..................................................25
De structuur van kennis (H4)..................................................................................26
De aard van justification.....................................................................................26
Agrippa’s trilemma..............................................................................................26
Infinitisme...........................................................................................................26
Coherentisme.....................................................................................................27
Fundamentalisme...............................................................................................27
Samenvatting ‘de structuur van kennis’ (H4).....................................................28
Rationaliteit (H5).....................................................................................................29
Verschillende soorten rationaliteit......................................................................29
Doel van epistemische rationaliteit....................................................................29
Het belang van epistemische rationaliteit..........................................................29
Rationaliteit en verantwoordelijkheid.................................................................30
Epistemisch internalisme en externalisme.........................................................30
Het probleem dat ontstaat..................................................................................31
Samenvatting ‘rationaliteit’ (H5).........................................................................32

, 3


Virtues en faculties (H6).........................................................................................34
Betrouwbaarheid (reliabilism).............................................................................34
Gettier cases......................................................................................................34
Virtue epistemologie...........................................................................................35
Internalisme en externalisme.............................................................................35
Samenvatting ‘virtues en faculties’ (H6).............................................................36
Hoofdstuk 5: Waar komt kennis vandaan? (Part II)....................................................37
Intro.........................................................................................................................37
Manieren om tot kennis te komen......................................................................37
Rationalisten vs. empiristen...............................................................................37
Waarneming (H7)...................................................................................................37
Het probleem van waarneming..........................................................................37
Indirect realisme.................................................................................................38
Idealisme............................................................................................................38
Direct realisme...................................................................................................39
Transcendentaal idealisme................................................................................39
Samenvatting ‘waarneming’ (H7).......................................................................40
Getuigenis (H8)......................................................................................................41
Het probleem van getuigenis.............................................................................41
Reductionisme....................................................................................................41
Credulisme.........................................................................................................41
Epistemische rationaliteit (college)....................................................................42
Geheugen (H8).......................................................................................................43
Het probleem van kennis uit het geheugen.......................................................43
Samenvatting ‘getuigenis en geheugen’ (H8)....................................................43
Allerlei procedures (H9)..........................................................................................45
A priori en a posteriori........................................................................................45
Drie procedures..................................................................................................45
Deductie.............................................................................................................45
Inductie...............................................................................................................46
Abductie.............................................................................................................46
Samenvatting ‘allerlei procedures’ (H9).............................................................47
Het probleem van inductie (H10)............................................................................48
Het probleem van inductie.................................................................................48
Mogelijke oplossingen........................................................................................48
Ermee leven: falsificatie.....................................................................................49
Ermee leven: pragmatisme................................................................................49
Samenvatting ‘het probleem van inductie’ (H10)...............................................50
Hoofdstuk 6: Soorten kennis (Part III)........................................................................51
Wetenschappelijke kennis (H11)............................................................................51
Wat is wetenschappelijke kennis?.....................................................................51
Vijf criteria...........................................................................................................51
Goed – matig – pseudowetenschap..................................................................51
Voortgang wetenschappelijke kennis.................................................................52

, 4


Incommensurability............................................................................................52
Samenhang – causaliteit – falsificeren..............................................................52
Samenvatting ‘wetenschappelijke kennis’ (H11)...............................................53
Morele kennis (H13)...............................................................................................54
Het probleem van morele kennis.......................................................................54
Scepticisme over morele feiten..........................................................................54
Moreel expressivisme........................................................................................54
Scepticisme over morele kennis........................................................................54
Klassiek fundamentalisme.................................................................................55
Coherentisme.....................................................................................................56
Niet-klassiek fundamentalisme..........................................................................56
Samenvatting ‘morele kennis’ (H13)..................................................................56
Hoofdstuk 7: (Part IV).................................................................................................58
Onderwijs (H15)......................................................................................................58
Kennis in het onderwijs......................................................................................58
Visies op relevante kennis in het onderwijs.......................................................58
Intellectuele waarden onderwijs.........................................................................59
Onderwijs en technologie...................................................................................59
Samenvatting ‘onderwijs’ (H15).........................................................................60
Kennis en politiek (H17).........................................................................................61
Basisvoorwaarden democratie...........................................................................61
Risico’s in een democratie.................................................................................61
Post-fact politics.................................................................................................62
Epistemisch onrecht...........................................................................................62
Belang van niet-wetenschappelijke kennis en visies.........................................63
Samenvatting ‘politiek’ (H17).............................................................................63
Hoofdstuk 8: (Part V)..................................................................................................65
Scepticisme t.a.v. andere minds (H18)..................................................................65
Het probleem van ‘other minds’.........................................................................65
Argument van analogie......................................................................................65
Tweede deel van het probleem..........................................................................66
De mind van een ander waarnemen..................................................................66
Samenvatting ‘scepticisme over other minds’ (H18)..........................................67
Radicaal scepticisme (H19)....................................................................................68
De paradox.........................................................................................................68
Closure principe.................................................................................................68
Het sensitiviteitsprincipe.....................................................................................69
Mooreanisme......................................................................................................69
Safety principe....................................................................................................70
Contextualisme...................................................................................................70
Samenvatting ‘radicaal scepticisme’ (H19)........................................................71
Waarheid en objectiviteit (H20)..............................................................................73
Waarheid en objectiviteit....................................................................................73
Zwak objectivisme..............................................................................................73
$8.36
Get access to the full document:

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Get to know the seller
Seller avatar
eerenes

Also available in package deal

Get to know the seller

Seller avatar
eerenes Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Follow You need to be logged in order to follow users or courses
Sold
1
Member since
10 months
Number of followers
0
Documents
2
Last sold
7 months ago

0.0

0 reviews

5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0

Recently viewed by you

Why students choose Stuvia

Created by fellow students, verified by reviews

Quality you can trust: written by students who passed their exams and reviewed by others who've used these revision notes.

Didn't get what you expected? Choose another document

No problem! You can straightaway pick a different document that better suits what you're after.

Pay as you like, start learning straight away

No subscription, no commitments. Pay the way you're used to via credit card and download your PDF document instantly.

Student with book image

“Bought, downloaded, and smashed it. It really can be that simple.”

Alisha Student

Frequently asked questions