Nat 5 Biology Unit 2.1: Multicellular Organisms - Producing New Cells Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified

Nat 5 Biology Unit 2.1: Multicellular Organisms - Producing New Cells Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified What process is responsible for the production of new cells in multicellular organisms? Mitosis Describe the purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms. Mitosis is responsible for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction by producing two genetically identical cells. Explain why the process of mitosis is important for tissue repair. Mitosis allows damaged cells to be replaced with new cells, ensuring the tissue is restored to its normal function. What is the role of stem cells in multicellular organisms? Stem cells can divide to produce more cells and can differentiate into various types of specialized cells. 2 Describe what happens during the first stage of mitosis, called interphase. During interphase, the cell grows, performs its normal functions, and prepares for division by replicating its DNA. What happens to the chromosomes during mitosis? The chromosomes duplicate and line up to ensure that each new cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. Explain the difference between a stem cell and a differentiated cell. Stem cells are undifferentiated and can become different types of cells, while differentiated cells are specialized to perform specific functions. Describe what occurs during prophase in mitosis. During prophase, the chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane begins to break down, and spindle fibers form. What is the significance of the centromere during cell division? The centromere holds the sister chromatids together and ensures they are pulled apart correctly during mitosis. 3 Define the term “daughter cells” in the context of mitosis. Daughter cells are the two genetically identical cells produced from the division of a parent cell during mitosis. What is the function of the spindle fibers during mitosis? Spindle fibers help to separate the chromatids and pull them to opposite sides of the cell. Explain what happens during anaphase of mitosis. During anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell by the spindle fibers. Describe what occurs during telophase in mitosis. During telophase, the chromatids reach the poles, the nuclear membrane reforms, and the chromosomes begin to uncoil. What happens at the end of mitosis? At the end of mitosis, two genetically identical