Advanced Pathophysiology Nurs611
EXAM I WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
1. How is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Insulin transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
Insulin contributes to the regulation of plasma potassium levels by stimulating
the Na+, K+- ATPase pump, thereby promoting the movement of potassium
into liver and muscle cells simultaneously with glucose transport after eating.
The intracellular movement of potassium prevents an acute hyperkalemia
related to food intake. Insulin also can be used to treat hyperkalemia.
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 119)
2. Hyperaldosteronism causes which fluid and electrolyte imbalances? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume
excess.
Hyperaldosteronism promotes (1) increased renal sodium and water
reabsorption with corresponding hypervolemia and hypertension and (2) renal
excretion of potassium.
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 755)
3. What mechanisms cause hypernatremia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔•
Inadequate intake of free water associated with total body sodium depletion.
• Excessive losses of water from the urinary tract that leads to a combination of
sodium and free water losses.
• Water losses associated with extreme sweating.
, • Severe watery diarrhea
• Excessive excretion of water from the kidneys or impaired responsiveness of
the kidneys to vasopressin.
1. Excessive hypertonic salt solutions
2. Intravenous hypertonic sodium
3. Saline - induced abortions
4. Selected infant formulas
5. Hyperaldosteronism
6. Cushing Syndrome
(McCance & Huether, 2014, Table 3-7, p. 111)
4. Which buffers work the fastest (in minutes to hours)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Bicarbonate/Carbonic acid (HCO3/H2CO3)
(McCance & Huether, 2014, Table 3-11, p. 123)
5. Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the perception of thirst are
stimulated by a(n) what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase in plasma
osmolality.
Feedback mechanism and baroreceptors
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 109)
EXAM I WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
1. How is insulin used to treat hyperkalemia? - CORRECT ANSWERS
✔✔Insulin transports potassium from the blood to the cell along with glucose.
Insulin contributes to the regulation of plasma potassium levels by stimulating
the Na+, K+- ATPase pump, thereby promoting the movement of potassium
into liver and muscle cells simultaneously with glucose transport after eating.
The intracellular movement of potassium prevents an acute hyperkalemia
related to food intake. Insulin also can be used to treat hyperkalemia.
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 119)
2. Hyperaldosteronism causes which fluid and electrolyte imbalances? -
CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Hypokalemia, hypernatremia, and fluid volume
excess.
Hyperaldosteronism promotes (1) increased renal sodium and water
reabsorption with corresponding hypervolemia and hypertension and (2) renal
excretion of potassium.
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 755)
3. What mechanisms cause hypernatremia? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔•
Inadequate intake of free water associated with total body sodium depletion.
• Excessive losses of water from the urinary tract that leads to a combination of
sodium and free water losses.
• Water losses associated with extreme sweating.
, • Severe watery diarrhea
• Excessive excretion of water from the kidneys or impaired responsiveness of
the kidneys to vasopressin.
1. Excessive hypertonic salt solutions
2. Intravenous hypertonic sodium
3. Saline - induced abortions
4. Selected infant formulas
5. Hyperaldosteronism
6. Cushing Syndrome
(McCance & Huether, 2014, Table 3-7, p. 111)
4. Which buffers work the fastest (in minutes to hours)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS ✔✔Bicarbonate/Carbonic acid (HCO3/H2CO3)
(McCance & Huether, 2014, Table 3-11, p. 123)
5. Secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and the perception of thirst are
stimulated by a(n) what? - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Increase in plasma
osmolality.
Feedback mechanism and baroreceptors
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 109)
