UMKC BIO 109 EXAM STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A new animal species is discovered with the following external characteristics:
jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton, four pairs of walking legs on its
cephalothorax and no antennae. As an informed Bio 109 student you would also
predict that this animal most likely has - ANSWER-chelicerae
Which of these are characteristics of all chordates during at least a portion of their
development? - ANSWER-A. a dorsal, hollow nerve cord
B. pharyngeal clefts
C. post-anal tail
Lampreys and hagfishes are similar in that they both - ANSWER-A. lack jaws
B. have a notochord
C. have a cranium
D. lack paired appendages
The most primitive combination of chordate features is found in the - ANSWER-
lancelet
The ray-finned fishes are characterized by - ANSWER-a bony endoskeleton,
operculum, and usually a swim bladder
The hypothesis that the appendages of tetrapods first evolved for walking
underwater would be supported by the fossil evidence that Acanthostega (a
Devonian tetrapod) had - ANSWER-gills
Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough? -
ANSWER-It allows the incubation of eggs in a terrestrial environment.
Unlike modern members of this clade, Archaeopteryx had clawed forelimbs, teeth
and a long tail - ANSWER-Reptilia
A unicellular fungus that under anaerobic conditions ferments sugars to alcohol and
CO2 - ANSWER-yeast
One piece of evidence, which is consistent with the hypothesis that Chytrids
diverged earliest in fugal evolution is the presence of ____________________ in this
phylum. - ANSWER-flagellated zoospores
The symbiotic relationship as best exemplified by the association of photosynthetic
bacteria and fugal hyphae to form a lichen - ANSWER-mutualism
Members of this phylum form resistant structures during sexual reproduction and
have an asexual phase characterized by bulbous black sporangia - ANSWER-
Zygomycota
, The stage in the sexual life cycle of fungi that involves the fusion of haploid nuclei: -
ANSWER-karyogamy
How are the vascular plants that are involved in mycorrhizae and the photosynthetic
cells that are involved in lichens alike? - ANSWER-They provide organic nutrients to
fungal partners.
If a bacterium regenerates from an endospore that did not possess any of the
plasmids that were contained in its original parent cell, the regenerated bacterium
will probably: - ANSWER-lack antibiotic-resistant genes
Which of the following statements about bacterial cell walls is true? - ANSWER-they
prevent cells from bursting in a hypotonic environment
In addition to peptidoglycan, the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria also contain -
ANSWER-lipopolysaccharides
Which of the following is an important source of endotoxin in Gram-negative
species? - ANSWER-cell wall
Near deep sea hydrothermal vents, where there is no access to sunlight, one may
encounter complex communities of organisms flourishing there that are fueled by
inorganic chemicals dissolved in the vent fluids. Such communities are most likely
dependent on ___________________ as their primary producers. (note: In a
terrestrial environment plants are the predominant primary producers.) - ANSWER-
chemoautotrophs
Many physicians administer antibiotics to patients at the first sign of any disease
symptoms. Why can this practice present more problems for these patients and for
others not yet infected? - ANSWER-Overuse of antibiotics can select for antibiotic-
resistant strains of bacteria.
Which of the following statements concerning protists is false? - ANSWER-Like
prokaryotes, protists lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Which of the following is an example of symbiotic mutualism? - ANSWER-a
zooflagellate digesting food in a termite's intestine
This human disease does not involve kinetoplastids. - ANSWER-Malaria
Which of these statements concerning dinoflagellates is false? - ANSWER-Their
dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering material.
The absorptive nutrition of fungi is aided by: - ANSWER-the large surface area
provided by the mycelium
Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy
from fungal heterotrophy is that most animals derive their nutrition - ANSWER-by
ingesting it
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
A new animal species is discovered with the following external characteristics:
jointed appendages, a hard exoskeleton, four pairs of walking legs on its
cephalothorax and no antennae. As an informed Bio 109 student you would also
predict that this animal most likely has - ANSWER-chelicerae
Which of these are characteristics of all chordates during at least a portion of their
development? - ANSWER-A. a dorsal, hollow nerve cord
B. pharyngeal clefts
C. post-anal tail
Lampreys and hagfishes are similar in that they both - ANSWER-A. lack jaws
B. have a notochord
C. have a cranium
D. lack paired appendages
The most primitive combination of chordate features is found in the - ANSWER-
lancelet
The ray-finned fishes are characterized by - ANSWER-a bony endoskeleton,
operculum, and usually a swim bladder
The hypothesis that the appendages of tetrapods first evolved for walking
underwater would be supported by the fossil evidence that Acanthostega (a
Devonian tetrapod) had - ANSWER-gills
Why is the amniotic egg considered an important evolutionary breakthrough? -
ANSWER-It allows the incubation of eggs in a terrestrial environment.
Unlike modern members of this clade, Archaeopteryx had clawed forelimbs, teeth
and a long tail - ANSWER-Reptilia
A unicellular fungus that under anaerobic conditions ferments sugars to alcohol and
CO2 - ANSWER-yeast
One piece of evidence, which is consistent with the hypothesis that Chytrids
diverged earliest in fugal evolution is the presence of ____________________ in this
phylum. - ANSWER-flagellated zoospores
The symbiotic relationship as best exemplified by the association of photosynthetic
bacteria and fugal hyphae to form a lichen - ANSWER-mutualism
Members of this phylum form resistant structures during sexual reproduction and
have an asexual phase characterized by bulbous black sporangia - ANSWER-
Zygomycota
, The stage in the sexual life cycle of fungi that involves the fusion of haploid nuclei: -
ANSWER-karyogamy
How are the vascular plants that are involved in mycorrhizae and the photosynthetic
cells that are involved in lichens alike? - ANSWER-They provide organic nutrients to
fungal partners.
If a bacterium regenerates from an endospore that did not possess any of the
plasmids that were contained in its original parent cell, the regenerated bacterium
will probably: - ANSWER-lack antibiotic-resistant genes
Which of the following statements about bacterial cell walls is true? - ANSWER-they
prevent cells from bursting in a hypotonic environment
In addition to peptidoglycan, the cell walls of Gram-negative bacteria also contain -
ANSWER-lipopolysaccharides
Which of the following is an important source of endotoxin in Gram-negative
species? - ANSWER-cell wall
Near deep sea hydrothermal vents, where there is no access to sunlight, one may
encounter complex communities of organisms flourishing there that are fueled by
inorganic chemicals dissolved in the vent fluids. Such communities are most likely
dependent on ___________________ as their primary producers. (note: In a
terrestrial environment plants are the predominant primary producers.) - ANSWER-
chemoautotrophs
Many physicians administer antibiotics to patients at the first sign of any disease
symptoms. Why can this practice present more problems for these patients and for
others not yet infected? - ANSWER-Overuse of antibiotics can select for antibiotic-
resistant strains of bacteria.
Which of the following statements concerning protists is false? - ANSWER-Like
prokaryotes, protists lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Which of the following is an example of symbiotic mutualism? - ANSWER-a
zooflagellate digesting food in a termite's intestine
This human disease does not involve kinetoplastids. - ANSWER-Malaria
Which of these statements concerning dinoflagellates is false? - ANSWER-Their
dead cells accumulate on the seafloor and are mined to serve as a filtering material.
The absorptive nutrition of fungi is aided by: - ANSWER-the large surface area
provided by the mycelium
Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy
from fungal heterotrophy is that most animals derive their nutrition - ANSWER-by
ingesting it
