BIOLOGY 109 MIDTERM CCP EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Lateral - ANSWER--farther away from the mid line of the body or a body part; on the
outer side of
-the shoulder is lateral to the chest
-the thumb is lateral to the index finger
Superficial - ANSWER--closer to the surface
-the skin is superficial to the muscle
-muscle is superficial to the bone
Deep - ANSWER--farther below the surface
-bone is deep to the skin
-bone is deep to muscle
sagittal plane - ANSWER--vertical division of the body into right and left portions
two variations of the sagittal plane - ANSWER-midsagittal and parasagittal
Midsagittal (sagittal plane variation) - ANSWER--median plane
-divides into equal parts
Parasagittal (sagittal plane variation) - ANSWER--divides into unequal right and left
sections
frontal plane - ANSWER--A.K.A. the coronal plane
-divides the body or body part into posterior and anterior (front and back).
transverse plane - ANSWER--A.K.A. the horizontal plane/cross section
-divides the body into superior and inferior body parts (top and bottom)
oblique plane - ANSWER--less standard type of section
-taken at an angle and is useful for examining structures hard to be seen by other
angles (knee joint)
ventral cavity - ANSWER--at the anterior (front) of the trunk
-subdivided into the thoracic cavity and abdomnopelvic cavities
cardiovascular system - ANSWER-Pumps and delivers oxygen-rich blood to the
tissues, removes wastes from the tissues, transports cells, nutrients, and other
substances. (blood vessels, heart)
digestive system - ANSWER-Digests food, Absorbs nutrients into the blood,
Removes food waste. (mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach,
gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine)
, urinary system - ANSWER-Removes metabolic wastes from the blood, regulates
fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, stimulates blood cell production. (kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)
male reproductive system - ANSWER-Produces and transports sperm, secretes
hormones, sexual function. (prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, penis)
female reproductive system - ANSWER-Produces and transports eggs, Site of fetal
development, fetal nourishment, childbirth, and lactation, secretes hormones, sexual
function. (mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina)
endocrine system - ANSWER-Regulates body functions, regulates the functions of
muscles, glands, and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called
hormones. (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland,
adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (female), testes (male))
lymphatic system - ANSWER-Returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular
system, provides immunity (Protection against disease). (tonsils, lymph nodes,
thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels)
anatomical position - ANSWER-All anatomical terms apply to the body when it's in
the anatomical position.
The body is standing erect, directly facing the observer.
The upper limbs are at the sides with the palms facing forwards.
The feet are together.
Supine (anatomical position) - ANSWER-laying on back
Prone (anatomical position) - ANSWER-laying on stomach
Anterior (ventral) - ANSWER--toward the front
-the palms are on the anterior side of the body
-the esophagus is anterior to the vertebral column
Posterior (dorsal) - ANSWER--towards the back
-the occipital bone is on the posterior cranium (skull)
-the spinal cord is posterior to the esophagus
Superior (cranial) - ANSWER--towards the head
-the nose is superior to the mouth
-the neck is superior to the chest
Inferior (caudal) - ANSWER--towards the tail
-the nose is inferior to the forehead
-the umbilicus (belly button) is inferior to the chest
Proximal - ANSWER--closer to the point of the origin (generally the trunk)
-the knee is proximal to the ankle
-the shoulder is proximal to the elbow
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
ANSWERS
Lateral - ANSWER--farther away from the mid line of the body or a body part; on the
outer side of
-the shoulder is lateral to the chest
-the thumb is lateral to the index finger
Superficial - ANSWER--closer to the surface
-the skin is superficial to the muscle
-muscle is superficial to the bone
Deep - ANSWER--farther below the surface
-bone is deep to the skin
-bone is deep to muscle
sagittal plane - ANSWER--vertical division of the body into right and left portions
two variations of the sagittal plane - ANSWER-midsagittal and parasagittal
Midsagittal (sagittal plane variation) - ANSWER--median plane
-divides into equal parts
Parasagittal (sagittal plane variation) - ANSWER--divides into unequal right and left
sections
frontal plane - ANSWER--A.K.A. the coronal plane
-divides the body or body part into posterior and anterior (front and back).
transverse plane - ANSWER--A.K.A. the horizontal plane/cross section
-divides the body into superior and inferior body parts (top and bottom)
oblique plane - ANSWER--less standard type of section
-taken at an angle and is useful for examining structures hard to be seen by other
angles (knee joint)
ventral cavity - ANSWER--at the anterior (front) of the trunk
-subdivided into the thoracic cavity and abdomnopelvic cavities
cardiovascular system - ANSWER-Pumps and delivers oxygen-rich blood to the
tissues, removes wastes from the tissues, transports cells, nutrients, and other
substances. (blood vessels, heart)
digestive system - ANSWER-Digests food, Absorbs nutrients into the blood,
Removes food waste. (mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver, stomach,
gallbladder, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine)
, urinary system - ANSWER-Removes metabolic wastes from the blood, regulates
fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance, stimulates blood cell production. (kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder, urethra)
male reproductive system - ANSWER-Produces and transports sperm, secretes
hormones, sexual function. (prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, penis)
female reproductive system - ANSWER-Produces and transports eggs, Site of fetal
development, fetal nourishment, childbirth, and lactation, secretes hormones, sexual
function. (mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina)
endocrine system - ANSWER-Regulates body functions, regulates the functions of
muscles, glands, and other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called
hormones. (pineal gland, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland,
adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries (female), testes (male))
lymphatic system - ANSWER-Returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular
system, provides immunity (Protection against disease). (tonsils, lymph nodes,
thymus, spleen, lymphatic vessels)
anatomical position - ANSWER-All anatomical terms apply to the body when it's in
the anatomical position.
The body is standing erect, directly facing the observer.
The upper limbs are at the sides with the palms facing forwards.
The feet are together.
Supine (anatomical position) - ANSWER-laying on back
Prone (anatomical position) - ANSWER-laying on stomach
Anterior (ventral) - ANSWER--toward the front
-the palms are on the anterior side of the body
-the esophagus is anterior to the vertebral column
Posterior (dorsal) - ANSWER--towards the back
-the occipital bone is on the posterior cranium (skull)
-the spinal cord is posterior to the esophagus
Superior (cranial) - ANSWER--towards the head
-the nose is superior to the mouth
-the neck is superior to the chest
Inferior (caudal) - ANSWER--towards the tail
-the nose is inferior to the forehead
-the umbilicus (belly button) is inferior to the chest
Proximal - ANSWER--closer to the point of the origin (generally the trunk)
-the knee is proximal to the ankle
-the shoulder is proximal to the elbow
