STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELLS FINAL EXAM
GUIDE 2025
|MOST COMMON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY A+
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS
Cells - The basic units of life
Cell Theory - 1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3. Cells are produced by existing cells
Cell Membrane - a thin flexible barrier surrounding the cell
nucleus - a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains DNA
Eukaryotes - cells that enclose their DNA in the nuclei.
Prokaryotes - Cells that do not enclose their DNA in the Nuclei
Cytoplasm - the fluid portion of the cell
Organelles - structures that have specialized functions in eukaryotic cells
Vacuoles - membrane-enclosed saclike structures that store water, salts, and organic
molecules
Lysosomes - small organelles filled with enzymes that break down large molecules and
organelles that are no longer useful
cytoskeleton - a network of protein filaments; it helps the cell maintain shape and is
involved in movement
centrioles - organelles made from tubulins; they help organize cell division in animal cells
ribosomes - small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all
cells; they produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA.
, Endoplasmic Reticulum - an internal membrane system where lipid components of the
cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials.
Golgi Apparatus - an organelle that appears as a stack of flattened membranes; it
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or
release outside the cell
Chloroplasts - capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains
chemical energy in a process call photosynthesis.
Mitochondria - are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells; they convert the chemical energy
stored in food to a usable form.
Cell Walls - support, shape, and protect the cell.
Lipid Bilayer - strong flexible barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Diffusion - the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion - the process by which molecules that cannot directly diffuse across
the membrane pass through special protein channels
Osmosis - the facilitated diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Aquaporins - water channel proteins that allow water to pass through cell membranes
Isotonic - two adjacent solutions are ______ if they have the same concentrations of
solute.
Hypertonic - solutions have a higher concentration of solute compared to another
solution
Hypotonic - Solutions have a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution
Osmotic Pressure - the force caused by the net movement of water by osmosis
Microscope - the invention of the _______ made the discovery of cells possible
cell - Robert Hooke used the name _______ to refer to the tiny empty chambers he saw
when he observed magnified cork.
Plants - German Botanist Matthais Schleiden concluded that ________ are made of cells
animals - German biologist Theodor Shwann concluded that ______ are made of cells.
GUIDE 2025
|MOST COMMON QUESTIONS WITH CORRECTLY
VERIFIED ANSWERS|ALREADY A+
GRADED|GUARANTEED PASS
Cells - The basic units of life
Cell Theory - 1. All living things are made of cells
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3. Cells are produced by existing cells
Cell Membrane - a thin flexible barrier surrounding the cell
nucleus - a large membrane-enclosed structure that contains DNA
Eukaryotes - cells that enclose their DNA in the nuclei.
Prokaryotes - Cells that do not enclose their DNA in the Nuclei
Cytoplasm - the fluid portion of the cell
Organelles - structures that have specialized functions in eukaryotic cells
Vacuoles - membrane-enclosed saclike structures that store water, salts, and organic
molecules
Lysosomes - small organelles filled with enzymes that break down large molecules and
organelles that are no longer useful
cytoskeleton - a network of protein filaments; it helps the cell maintain shape and is
involved in movement
centrioles - organelles made from tubulins; they help organize cell division in animal cells
ribosomes - small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all
cells; they produce proteins by following coded instructions from DNA.
, Endoplasmic Reticulum - an internal membrane system where lipid components of the
cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials.
Golgi Apparatus - an organelle that appears as a stack of flattened membranes; it
modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or
release outside the cell
Chloroplasts - capture the energy from sunlight and convert it into food that contains
chemical energy in a process call photosynthesis.
Mitochondria - are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells; they convert the chemical energy
stored in food to a usable form.
Cell Walls - support, shape, and protect the cell.
Lipid Bilayer - strong flexible barrier between the cell and its surroundings
Diffusion - the process by which particles move from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
Facilitated Diffusion - the process by which molecules that cannot directly diffuse across
the membrane pass through special protein channels
Osmosis - the facilitated diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Aquaporins - water channel proteins that allow water to pass through cell membranes
Isotonic - two adjacent solutions are ______ if they have the same concentrations of
solute.
Hypertonic - solutions have a higher concentration of solute compared to another
solution
Hypotonic - Solutions have a lower concentration of solute compared to another solution
Osmotic Pressure - the force caused by the net movement of water by osmosis
Microscope - the invention of the _______ made the discovery of cells possible
cell - Robert Hooke used the name _______ to refer to the tiny empty chambers he saw
when he observed magnified cork.
Plants - German Botanist Matthais Schleiden concluded that ________ are made of cells
animals - German biologist Theodor Shwann concluded that ______ are made of cells.
