1. What is reduced and what is oxidized in the reaction between The carbonyl
a monosaccharide and a ferric ion? carbon is oxidized
to a carboxyl group,
the cupric ion is
reduced.
2. What are some of the structural and functional differences *Homo
between homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides? -Contains only a
single monomeric
species. -Fuel
storage: starch,
glycogen
-Structural
elements: Chitin
(animal
exoskeleton) and
Cellulose (Plant cell
wall).
*Hetero
- Contains two
or more species.
- Extracellular
support:
Peptidoglycan (
Bacterial cell
envelope) and
matrix.
3. What is the structure of maltose?
4. What is the structure of lactose?
,5. what is the structure of sucrose?
6. Which of the following are reducing sugars? Maltose, ............. Lactose, Sucrose?
7. What are the similarities and differences between cel- .............
lulose and chitin?
8. What are the most important noncovalent bonds or Hydrogen bonding
beinteractions in cellulose? tween neighboring
chains.
9. How does lysozyme act as a first defense against bac- Lysozyme kills bacteria by
terial infection? hydrolyzing the (B1-->4)
glycosidic bond
between N-
acetylglucosamine
and N-
acetylmuramic
acid.
Thus allowing
cellular swelling.
10. How does penicillin combat bacterial infections?
Penicillin kill
bacteria by
preventing
, synthesis of the
cross-links, leaving
the cell too weak to
resist osmotic lysis.
11. What chemical property of glycosaminoglycans con- ............
tributes to their role as lubricants?
12. How does the R-group of Serine make it a good A sugar residue at the reamino-
acid for connecting to a carbohydrate moiety? ducing end of the link-
er can be joined by
its anomeric carbon
to the hydroxyl of
the serine residue.
13. Number 26........
14. What type of linkages connect oligosaccharides to PG 255 proteins?
15. What contributes to the structural rigidity of cellulose? Glucose polymers are sta-
16. T or F? Hyaluronan is a heteropolysaccharide? True
17. Which bonds in α-D-glucose must be broken to change The bond between
its configuration to ß-D-glucose? C-1 and the
bilized by hydrogen bonding. hydroxyl on C-5.
18. Which bonds must be broken to convert D-glucose to The hydrogen or the OH
D-Mannose? on the C-2.
19. Which bonds must be broken to convert one "chair" Conversion between chair form
of D-glucose to the other? confirmations does NOT
a monosaccharide and a ferric ion? carbon is oxidized
to a carboxyl group,
the cupric ion is
reduced.
2. What are some of the structural and functional differences *Homo
between homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides? -Contains only a
single monomeric
species. -Fuel
storage: starch,
glycogen
-Structural
elements: Chitin
(animal
exoskeleton) and
Cellulose (Plant cell
wall).
*Hetero
- Contains two
or more species.
- Extracellular
support:
Peptidoglycan (
Bacterial cell
envelope) and
matrix.
3. What is the structure of maltose?
4. What is the structure of lactose?
,5. what is the structure of sucrose?
6. Which of the following are reducing sugars? Maltose, ............. Lactose, Sucrose?
7. What are the similarities and differences between cel- .............
lulose and chitin?
8. What are the most important noncovalent bonds or Hydrogen bonding
beinteractions in cellulose? tween neighboring
chains.
9. How does lysozyme act as a first defense against bac- Lysozyme kills bacteria by
terial infection? hydrolyzing the (B1-->4)
glycosidic bond
between N-
acetylglucosamine
and N-
acetylmuramic
acid.
Thus allowing
cellular swelling.
10. How does penicillin combat bacterial infections?
Penicillin kill
bacteria by
preventing
, synthesis of the
cross-links, leaving
the cell too weak to
resist osmotic lysis.
11. What chemical property of glycosaminoglycans con- ............
tributes to their role as lubricants?
12. How does the R-group of Serine make it a good A sugar residue at the reamino-
acid for connecting to a carbohydrate moiety? ducing end of the link-
er can be joined by
its anomeric carbon
to the hydroxyl of
the serine residue.
13. Number 26........
14. What type of linkages connect oligosaccharides to PG 255 proteins?
15. What contributes to the structural rigidity of cellulose? Glucose polymers are sta-
16. T or F? Hyaluronan is a heteropolysaccharide? True
17. Which bonds in α-D-glucose must be broken to change The bond between
its configuration to ß-D-glucose? C-1 and the
bilized by hydrogen bonding. hydroxyl on C-5.
18. Which bonds must be broken to convert D-glucose to The hydrogen or the OH
D-Mannose? on the C-2.
19. Which bonds must be broken to convert one "chair" Conversion between chair form
of D-glucose to the other? confirmations does NOT
