Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm
6501 Walden University Questions And
Answers With Verified Solutions Graded
A+ Latest Update 2025.
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER Answer: Anaerobic
glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
- ANSWER Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which
of the following? - ANSWER Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking
for? - ANSWER Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - ANSWER Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: -
ANSWER Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
ANSWER Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to
result from cell injury.
, What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a
short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. -
ANSWER Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained? - ANSWER Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - ANSWER Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this
disease is associated with: - ANSWER Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? -
ANSWER Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANSWER Answer: Provide
growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which
finding will support this diagnosis? - ANSWER Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine
to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - ANSWER
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANSWER Answer: Plasma
proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an
example of which of the following types of transport? - ANSWER Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has
92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? -
ANSWER Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - ANSWER Answer:
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and
less productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - ANSWER Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH =
Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
6501 Walden University Questions And
Answers With Verified Solutions Graded
A+ Latest Update 2025.
A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will
facilitate his continued muscle performance? - ANSWER Answer: Anaerobic
glycolysis
What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?
- ANSWER Answer: Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the
membrane potential from negative to positive.
A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which
of the following? - ANSWER Answer: XXY
A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking
for? - ANSWER Answer: The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the
disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? - ANSWER
Answer: Expressivity
In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding
cholesterol? - ANSWER Answer: Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the
erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen.
When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is
caused by an _____ gene - ANSWER Answer: Autosomal recessive
How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? - ANSWER
Answer: By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase)
The nurse would be correct in identifying the predominant extracellular cation as: -
ANSWER Answer: Sodium
The early dilation (swelling) of the cell's endoplasmic reticulum results in: - ANSWER
Answer: Reduced protein synthesis
What principle should the nurse remember when trying to distinguish aging from diseases? -
ANSWER Answer: It is difficult to tell the difference because both processes are believed to
result from cell injury.
, What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent
homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a
short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. -
ANSWER Answer: Turner syndrome
A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the
genetic information be contained? - ANSWER Answer: Nucleolus
The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse
describing? - ANSWER Answer: Maternal nondisjunction
A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this
disease is associated with: - ANSWER Answer: Delayed age of onset
A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse's best response? -
ANSWER Answer: Pregnancy in women over age 35
What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? - ANSWER Answer: Provide
growth factor for tissue growth and development
A newborn male is diagnosed with albinism based on skin, eye, and hair appearance. Which
finding will support this diagnosis? - ANSWER Answer: Inability to convert tyrosine
to DOPA (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine)
Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of: - ANSWER
Answer: Decreased ATP production
A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic
pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: - ANSWER Answer: Plasma
proteins
The ion transporter that moves Na + and Ca 2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an
example of which of the following types of transport? - ANSWER Answer: Symport
A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has
92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? -
ANSWER Answer: Tetraploidy
Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? - ANSWER Answer:
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium
Hypothyroidism - ANSWER A disorder caused by a thyroid gland that is slower and
less productive than normal, does not produce enough T3 and T4
T3, T4, TSH - ANSWER Diagnosing hypo/hyperthyroidism T3/T4 = thyroid. TSH =
Pituitary.
T3/T4 abnormality = problem with THYROID.
