BIOL 124 Final exam review UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Herbaceous stem - CORRECT ANSWER - A herbaceous stem is a soft, flexible, and green
stem that does not contain woody tissue. These stems are typical of non-woody plants, like
grasses, flowers, and many garden vegetables.
Cotyledon - CORRECT ANSWER - A cotyledon is the first leaf or first pair of leaves that
appear from a seed during germination. It is part of the embryo within the seed and plays an
important role in nourishing the young plant as it starts to grow.
Cyanobacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - Photosynthetic prokaryotes (bacteria) that live in
water and produce oxygen. Also known as blue-green algae, they were among the first organisms
to perform photosynthesis and are important in aquatic ecosystems and nitrogen fixation.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria that convert atmospheric
nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃), a form plants can use. They often live in soil or in root
nodules of legumes (e.g., beans, peas), helping enrich soil fertility naturally.
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - Antibiotics that target a specific
group of bacteria, either Gram-positive or Gram-negative, but not both. They are less likely to
disrupt beneficial microbes and are used when the exact cause of infection is known.
Broad spectrum antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - Antibiotics that act against a wide
range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative types. They're useful when
the exact infection is unknown but can also kill beneficial bacteria and contribute to antibiotic
resistance.
Plant-like protists - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that perform photosynthesis like
plants using chloroplasts. Most are aquatic and include algae such as Euglena, Diatoms, and
Volvox. They are autotrophic and produce oxygen.
, Animal-like protists - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that are heterotrophic and consume
other organisms for food, like animals. They move using cilia, flagella, or pseudopods and
include Amoeba, Paramecium, and Stentor. Also called protozoa.
Fungus-like protists - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that absorb nutrients from decaying
matter, similar to fungi. They often form slimy or filamentous structures and include slime molds
and water molds. Unlike true fungi, they lack chitin in their cell walls.
Single celled - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists made up of only one cell, but capable of all
life functions like movement, feeding, and reproduction. Examples include Amoeba,
Paramecium, and Euglena. Also called unicellular protists.
Colonial - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that live in groups of connected, similar cells.
Each cell can survive on its own, but they often work together. A common example is Volvox,
which forms spherical colonies that move as a unit.
Multicellular - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists made up of many specialized cells that
work together but are not true plants, animals, or fungi. They often resemble algae and include
examples like kelp (a type of brown algae).
Filamentous - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that grow in long, thread-like chains of
cells. These filaments can help with movement, nutrient absorption, or reproduction. Common in
some types of algae, like Spirogyra.
Heterotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that gets its food by consuming other
organisms
Autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that makes its own food, usually from
inorganic substances. Two types: Phototrophs and Chemotrophs
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Herbaceous stem - CORRECT ANSWER - A herbaceous stem is a soft, flexible, and green
stem that does not contain woody tissue. These stems are typical of non-woody plants, like
grasses, flowers, and many garden vegetables.
Cotyledon - CORRECT ANSWER - A cotyledon is the first leaf or first pair of leaves that
appear from a seed during germination. It is part of the embryo within the seed and plays an
important role in nourishing the young plant as it starts to grow.
Cyanobacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - Photosynthetic prokaryotes (bacteria) that live in
water and produce oxygen. Also known as blue-green algae, they were among the first organisms
to perform photosynthesis and are important in aquatic ecosystems and nitrogen fixation.
Nitrogen fixing bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - Bacteria that convert atmospheric
nitrogen (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃), a form plants can use. They often live in soil or in root
nodules of legumes (e.g., beans, peas), helping enrich soil fertility naturally.
Narrow spectrum antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - Antibiotics that target a specific
group of bacteria, either Gram-positive or Gram-negative, but not both. They are less likely to
disrupt beneficial microbes and are used when the exact cause of infection is known.
Broad spectrum antibiotics - CORRECT ANSWER - Antibiotics that act against a wide
range of bacteria, including both Gram-positive and Gram-negative types. They're useful when
the exact infection is unknown but can also kill beneficial bacteria and contribute to antibiotic
resistance.
Plant-like protists - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that perform photosynthesis like
plants using chloroplasts. Most are aquatic and include algae such as Euglena, Diatoms, and
Volvox. They are autotrophic and produce oxygen.
, Animal-like protists - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that are heterotrophic and consume
other organisms for food, like animals. They move using cilia, flagella, or pseudopods and
include Amoeba, Paramecium, and Stentor. Also called protozoa.
Fungus-like protists - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that absorb nutrients from decaying
matter, similar to fungi. They often form slimy or filamentous structures and include slime molds
and water molds. Unlike true fungi, they lack chitin in their cell walls.
Single celled - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists made up of only one cell, but capable of all
life functions like movement, feeding, and reproduction. Examples include Amoeba,
Paramecium, and Euglena. Also called unicellular protists.
Colonial - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that live in groups of connected, similar cells.
Each cell can survive on its own, but they often work together. A common example is Volvox,
which forms spherical colonies that move as a unit.
Multicellular - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists made up of many specialized cells that
work together but are not true plants, animals, or fungi. They often resemble algae and include
examples like kelp (a type of brown algae).
Filamentous - CORRECT ANSWER - Protists that grow in long, thread-like chains of
cells. These filaments can help with movement, nutrient absorption, or reproduction. Common in
some types of algae, like Spirogyra.
Heterotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that gets its food by consuming other
organisms
Autotroph - CORRECT ANSWER - An organism that makes its own food, usually from
inorganic substances. Two types: Phototrophs and Chemotrophs
