ATI PN Pharmacology Practice Quiz 40 Q & A

1. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for ergotamine. The nurse should recognize that ergotamine is administered to treat which of the following conditions? a. Raynaud's phenomenon b. Ulcerative colitis c. Anemia d. Migraine headaches - Migraine headaches *RATIONALE* Ergotamine prevents or stops a migraine headache by blocking alpha-adrenergic receptors in the cranial peripheral vascular smooth muscle, which causes vasoconstriction of dilated cerebral blood vessels. 2. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for amphotericin B. The nurse should plan to monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypertension c. Constipation d. Nephrotoxicity - Nephrotoxicity *RATIONALE* Amphotericin B is an antifungal medication used to treat severe fungal infections; however, it can cause nephrotoxicity. The nurse should monitor the client's creatinine every 3 to 4 days and increase fluid intake. The dosage of amphotericin B should be reduced if the client's creatinine is 3.5 mg/dL or greater. 3. A nurse is preparing to administer heparin 8,000 units subcutaneously every 8 hr. Available is heparin 10,000 units/1 mL. How many mL should the nurse administer per dose? (Round the answer to the nearest tenth. Use a leading zero, if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) - 0.8 mL *RATIONALE* 8,000 units x 1 mL/10,000 units = X mL. Reassess to determine whether the amount to give makes sense. If there are 10,000 units/1 mL and the amount prescribed is 8,000 units, it makes sense to administer 0.8 mL. The nurse should administer 0.8 mL heparin subcutaneously every 8 hr. 4. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has chronic kidney failure with an AV fistula for hemodialysis and a new prescription for epoetin alfa. Which of the following therapeutic effects of epoetin alfa should the nurse include in the teaching? a. Reduces blood pressure b. Inhibits clotting of fistula c. Promotes RBC production d. Stimulates growth of neutrophils - Promotes RBC production *RATIONALE* Epoetin alfa stimulates erythropoiesis in the bone marrow to increase RBC production and reduce anemia. Anemia is common in clients who have chronic kidney failure, since erythropoietin is produced by the kidney. 5. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for enalapril. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of this medication? a. Ecchymosis b. Jaundice c. Hypotension d. Hypokalemia - Hypotension *RATIONALE* Enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, can cause hypotension and postural hypotension, especially during the first 3 hr following the initial dosage. 6. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for clopidogrel. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. Insomnia b. Hypotension c. Bleeding d. Constipation - Bleeding *RATIONALE* Clopidogrel is an antithrombotic medication that inhibits platelet aggregation. It is used to prevent stenosis of coronary stents, myocardial infarctions, and strokes. The nurse should monitor for coffee ground emesis, black tarry stools, ecchymosis, or any indication of bleeding. 7. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of oral candidiasis after taking tertracycline for 7 days. The nurse should recognize that candidiasis is a manifestation of which of the following adverse effects? a. Allergic response b. Superinfection c. Renal toxicity d. Hepatic toxicity - Superinfection *RATIONALE* A superinfection can develop from the overgrowth of fungus due to the antibacterial effect of tetracycline. The nurse should monitor the client for manifestations of a superinfection, such as soreness of the mouth and a swollen tongue. 8. A nurse is providing teaching to a newly licensed nurse about ceftriaxone. The nurse should include a severe allergy to which of the following medications as a contraindication to ceftriaxone? a. Gentamicin b. Clindamycin c. Piperacillin d. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim - Piperacillin *RATIONALE* Clients who have a severe allergy to piperacillin, which is a penicillin, can have a cross sensitivity to ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin. Ceftriaxone is contraindicated for the client who has an allergy to cephalosporins or a severe allergy to penicillin. 9. A nurse is administering subcutaneous epinephrine for a client who is experiencing anaphylaxis. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects? a. Hypotension b. Hyperthermia c. Hypoglycemia d. Tachycardia - Tachycardia *RATIONALE* Adverse effects of epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist, can include tachycardia and dysrhythmias as the result of cardiac stimulation. 10. A nurse is administering subcutaneous heparin to a client who is at risk for deep vein thrombosis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? a. Administer the medication into the client's abdomen. b. Inject the medication into a muscle. c. Massage the site after administering the medication. d. Use a 22-gauge needle to administer the medication. - Administer the medication into the client's abdomen. *RATIONALE* The heparin should be administered subcutaneously into the client's abdomen using a 25-gauge or smaller needle to decrease the risk of hemorrhage. The nurse should apply firm pressure to the injection site after administration.