UBC EOSC 114 FINAL EXAM
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
EARTHQUAKES - ✔️✔️years; minutes
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for VOLCANOES -
✔️✔️decades; days
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for HURRICANE -
✔️✔️months; days
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
THUNDERSTORMS - ✔️✔️hours; minutes
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for ROGUE
WAVES - ✔️✔️hours; seconds
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for LANDSLIDES -
✔️✔️days; seconds
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for METEOR
IMPACT - ✔️✔️millennia; seconds
kilo - ✔️✔️10^3
mega - ✔️✔️10^6
giga - ✔️✔️10^9
tera - ✔️✔️10^12
c - ✔️✔️10^-2
milli - ✔️✔️10^-3
micro - ✔️✔️10^-6
nano - ✔️✔️10^-9
SI unit for time - ✔️✔️second
,a - ✔️✔️annum (1 year)
age of the Earth - ✔️✔️4.57 Ga
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for TSUNAMI -
✔️✔️minutes; hours
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for FLOODS -
✔️✔️hours; days
SI standard unit of distance - ✔️✔️metre
SI unit standard of mass - ✔️✔️kilogram
density - ✔️✔️mass per unit volume (how much mass fits into a space); p or d
How is stratification linked to density? - ✔️✔️stratification is the layering of materials.
Less dense materials float on top of denser materials.
layers of the atmosphere from top to surface of Earth - ✔️✔️exosphere
thermosphere
mesophere
stratosphere
troposphere
layer of atmosphere with storms - ✔️✔️troposphere
how can the ocean layers be divided? - ✔️✔️by availability of light
by ecological parameters
layers of the Earth (from top down, based on chemical and physical characteristics) -
✔️✔️lithosphere (solid, crust)
asthenosphere (plastic rock)
mesosphere (solid rock)
outer core (liquid metal)
inner core (solid metal)
layers of the Earth (from top down, based on density) - ✔️✔️crust
mantle
core
order of magnitude - ✔️✔️power of ten
,exponential curve - ✔️✔️starts rising very slowly at first but increases faster and faster
logarithmic scale - ✔️✔️the ordinate (vertical axis) steps by powers of ten (orders of
magnitude)
disaster scale(s) for EARTHQUAKES - ✔️✔️Richter
Modified Mercalli
Moment Magnitude
disaster scale(s) for VOLCANOES - ✔️✔️Volcano Explosivity Index
disaster scale(s) for WIND AND WAVES - ✔️✔️Beaufort Scale
disaster scale(s) for HURRICANES - ✔️✔️Saffir-Simpson Scale
disaster scale(s) for THUNDERSTORMS - ✔️✔️dBZ
disaster scale(s) for TORNADOES - ✔️✔️Fujita Scale
Torro Scale
disaster scale(s) for IMPACTS - ✔️✔️Torino Scale
more intense disasters occur _______________ - ✔️✔️less frequently
return period (RP) - ✔️✔️the average number of years between disaster events of the
same magnitude
RPm = time span of data record / number of cases of magnitude M
elements - ✔️✔️building blocks of our world
element - ✔️✔️consists of identical atoms
atom - ✔️✔️the smallest piece of an element, made of protons (+), neutrons (neutral)
and electrons (-)
nucleus - ✔️✔️the center of an atom that holds the protons and the neutrons
atomic number - ✔️✔️number of protons
atomic mass number - ✔️✔️sum of protons + neutrons
, isotopes - ✔️✔️different versions of an element that have the same number of protons
but diff numbers of neutrons
hydrogen - ✔️✔️H, smallest atom, Aco water
helium - ✔️✔️He, non-reactive (noble gas) made by fusion in sun
carbon - ✔️✔️C, aco most life forms on Earth, aco coal, graphite, diamonds
Nitrogen - ✔️✔️N, Gco air, aco nitric-acid rain
Oxygen - ✔️✔️O, Gco Earth's crust, 2nd Gco atmosphere, aco water, very reactive
sodium - ✔️✔️Na, very reactive metal, aco salt in the ocean
magnesium - ✔️✔️Mg, light metal, reactive, Aco the mineral dolomite, aco salt in
oceans
Aluminum - ✔️✔️Al, a light metal used in cans, foil, aircraft, reactive, 3rd Gco Earth's
crust
silicon - ✔️✔️Si, a shiny silver-coloured semiconductor, 2nd Gco Earth's crust
Phosphorus - ✔️✔️P, aco phosphate fertilizers
Sulphur - ✔️✔️S, yellow, burnt match smell, Aco sulfuric acid rain, aco salt in oceans
chlorine - ✔️✔️Cl, very reactive (bleaches), aco salt in oceans
Argon - ✔️✔️Ar, third most common gas in Earth's atmosphere
Potassium - ✔️✔️K, very reactive metal, Aco salt in oceans
Calcium - ✔️✔️Ca, aco limestone, bones, sea shells, salt in ocean
Titanium - ✔️✔️Ti, a strong light metal
Manganese - ✔️✔️Mn, a metal like iron
Iron - ✔️✔️Fe, a strong metal, Gco Earth's core, Aco meteorites, can become
magnetic, 4th Gco Earth's crust
Iridium - ✔️✔️Ir, rate element found in meteorites
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
EARTHQUAKES - ✔️✔️years; minutes
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for VOLCANOES -
✔️✔️decades; days
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for HURRICANE -
✔️✔️months; days
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for
THUNDERSTORMS - ✔️✔️hours; minutes
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for ROGUE
WAVES - ✔️✔️hours; seconds
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for LANDSLIDES -
✔️✔️days; seconds
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for METEOR
IMPACT - ✔️✔️millennia; seconds
kilo - ✔️✔️10^3
mega - ✔️✔️10^6
giga - ✔️✔️10^9
tera - ✔️✔️10^12
c - ✔️✔️10^-2
milli - ✔️✔️10^-3
micro - ✔️✔️10^-6
nano - ✔️✔️10^-9
SI unit for time - ✔️✔️second
,a - ✔️✔️annum (1 year)
age of the Earth - ✔️✔️4.57 Ga
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for TSUNAMI -
✔️✔️minutes; hours
time scale of build up and release of energy during natural disasters for FLOODS -
✔️✔️hours; days
SI standard unit of distance - ✔️✔️metre
SI unit standard of mass - ✔️✔️kilogram
density - ✔️✔️mass per unit volume (how much mass fits into a space); p or d
How is stratification linked to density? - ✔️✔️stratification is the layering of materials.
Less dense materials float on top of denser materials.
layers of the atmosphere from top to surface of Earth - ✔️✔️exosphere
thermosphere
mesophere
stratosphere
troposphere
layer of atmosphere with storms - ✔️✔️troposphere
how can the ocean layers be divided? - ✔️✔️by availability of light
by ecological parameters
layers of the Earth (from top down, based on chemical and physical characteristics) -
✔️✔️lithosphere (solid, crust)
asthenosphere (plastic rock)
mesosphere (solid rock)
outer core (liquid metal)
inner core (solid metal)
layers of the Earth (from top down, based on density) - ✔️✔️crust
mantle
core
order of magnitude - ✔️✔️power of ten
,exponential curve - ✔️✔️starts rising very slowly at first but increases faster and faster
logarithmic scale - ✔️✔️the ordinate (vertical axis) steps by powers of ten (orders of
magnitude)
disaster scale(s) for EARTHQUAKES - ✔️✔️Richter
Modified Mercalli
Moment Magnitude
disaster scale(s) for VOLCANOES - ✔️✔️Volcano Explosivity Index
disaster scale(s) for WIND AND WAVES - ✔️✔️Beaufort Scale
disaster scale(s) for HURRICANES - ✔️✔️Saffir-Simpson Scale
disaster scale(s) for THUNDERSTORMS - ✔️✔️dBZ
disaster scale(s) for TORNADOES - ✔️✔️Fujita Scale
Torro Scale
disaster scale(s) for IMPACTS - ✔️✔️Torino Scale
more intense disasters occur _______________ - ✔️✔️less frequently
return period (RP) - ✔️✔️the average number of years between disaster events of the
same magnitude
RPm = time span of data record / number of cases of magnitude M
elements - ✔️✔️building blocks of our world
element - ✔️✔️consists of identical atoms
atom - ✔️✔️the smallest piece of an element, made of protons (+), neutrons (neutral)
and electrons (-)
nucleus - ✔️✔️the center of an atom that holds the protons and the neutrons
atomic number - ✔️✔️number of protons
atomic mass number - ✔️✔️sum of protons + neutrons
, isotopes - ✔️✔️different versions of an element that have the same number of protons
but diff numbers of neutrons
hydrogen - ✔️✔️H, smallest atom, Aco water
helium - ✔️✔️He, non-reactive (noble gas) made by fusion in sun
carbon - ✔️✔️C, aco most life forms on Earth, aco coal, graphite, diamonds
Nitrogen - ✔️✔️N, Gco air, aco nitric-acid rain
Oxygen - ✔️✔️O, Gco Earth's crust, 2nd Gco atmosphere, aco water, very reactive
sodium - ✔️✔️Na, very reactive metal, aco salt in the ocean
magnesium - ✔️✔️Mg, light metal, reactive, Aco the mineral dolomite, aco salt in
oceans
Aluminum - ✔️✔️Al, a light metal used in cans, foil, aircraft, reactive, 3rd Gco Earth's
crust
silicon - ✔️✔️Si, a shiny silver-coloured semiconductor, 2nd Gco Earth's crust
Phosphorus - ✔️✔️P, aco phosphate fertilizers
Sulphur - ✔️✔️S, yellow, burnt match smell, Aco sulfuric acid rain, aco salt in oceans
chlorine - ✔️✔️Cl, very reactive (bleaches), aco salt in oceans
Argon - ✔️✔️Ar, third most common gas in Earth's atmosphere
Potassium - ✔️✔️K, very reactive metal, Aco salt in oceans
Calcium - ✔️✔️Ca, aco limestone, bones, sea shells, salt in ocean
Titanium - ✔️✔️Ti, a strong light metal
Manganese - ✔️✔️Mn, a metal like iron
Iron - ✔️✔️Fe, a strong metal, Gco Earth's core, Aco meteorites, can become
magnetic, 4th Gco Earth's crust
Iridium - ✔️✔️Ir, rate element found in meteorites
