TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER
Chapter n01:nCellular nBiology
Huether:nUnderstanding nPathophysiology,n 7thnEdition
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. A n student n isn observingn an celln undern then microscope.n It n isn observ
ed n ton havensupercoiled n DNAwithnhistones.n Whichnof nthenfollowi
ngn would n alson ben observed n byn then student?
a. Ansinglen circularn chromosome
b. An nucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearn material
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Then cellndescribed n isn an eukaryoticn cell,n son it n hasn histonesn and n an s
upercoiled n DNA n withinn itsnucleus;n thus,n then nucleusn should n ben
observed.n Ansinglen circularn chromosomen called n an prokaryoten co
ntainsn free-floatingn nuclearn materialn but n hasn non organelles.
2. A n nursen isn instructingn then staffnabout ncellularn functions.n Whichn cellularn functionn isn then nursen d
escribingn whenn ann isolated n cellnabsorbsn oxygenn and n usesn it n tontransformn nutrientsn ton energy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:n D
Then cell’sn abilitynton absorbnoxygenn isn referred n ton asnrespirationn whilen itsn communicationn abilityn invol
vesnmaintenancenof nans t e adNy ndynamicn state,n metabolicnabsorptionnprovidesnnutrition,n and n secretionn
allowsn forn then synthesizingn of n new n substances.
3. A n eukaryoticn celln isn undergoingn DNA nreplication.n Innwhichnregionn ofnthencelln would nmost n of n t
hen geneticn informationn ben contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleusncytoplasm
ANS:n C
Thenregionn of nthen cellnthat n containsngeneticn material,n includingn anlargen amount nof nribonucleicn aci
d,n most n of nthen DNA,n and n DNA-
bindingn proteins,n isn then nucleolus,n whichn isn locatednwithinn then cell’sn nucleus.n Mitochondrian isn a
ssociated n withn cellularn respirationn whilen ribosomesn aren involved n withn proteinn manufacturing.n
Cytoplasmn isn an fluid n fillingn that n isn an component n of n then cell.
4. Whichn of nthen followingncann removen proteinsnattached nton then cell’sn bilayern byndissolvingn then l
ayern itself?
a. Peripheralnmembranen proteins
b. Integralnmembranen proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellnadhesionn molecules
,TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER
ANS:n B
Proteinsn directlynattached n tonthen membranen bilayern cann ben removed nbynthenactionnof n integraln me
mbranen proteinsn that n dissolven then bilayer.n Peripheraln membranen proteinsn residen at n then surfacen
whilen celln adhesionn moleculesn aren onn then outsiden of n then membrane.n Glycoproteinn marksn cellsn a
nd n doesn not n float.
5. Whichnof nthen followingn cann bind n ton plasman membranen receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicn lipids
d. Ligands
ANS:n D
Ligandsn aren then onlynspecificn moleculesn that n cann bind n withn receptorsn onnthen celln membrane.
6. A nnursen isn reviewingn anreport n fromnanpatient n withnmetastaticn cancer.n What nalternationn innthen e
xtracellularn matrixn would n support n then diagnosisn of n metastaticn cancer?
a. Decreased n fibronectin
b. Increased n collagen
c. Decreased nelastin
d. Increased n glycoproteins
ANS:n A
Onlynan reduced n amount nofnfibronectinn isn foundninnsomen typesnofncancerousn cells,n allowingn themn
ton traveln orn metastasize.
7. Whichnformnof ncelln communicationn isn used n ton relaten tonothern cellsn inn direct n physicaln contact?
a. Celln junction N
b. Gapn junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight n junction
ANS:n A
Celln junctionsn hold n cellsn togethern andnpermit n moleculesn tonpassn fromncellnton cell.n Gapnjunctionsn allow
n forn cellularn communicationn betweenn cells.n Neithern desmosomesn norn tight n junctionsn aren associated n
withn cellularn communication.
8. Pancreaticn betancellsn secreten insulin,n whichn inhibitsn secretionnof nglucagonn fromnneighboringna
lphan cells.n Thisn actionn isn ann examplen of n whichn of n then followingn signalingn types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:n A
Paracrinen signalingn involvesn then releasen of n localnchemicaln mediatorsnthat n arenquicklyntakenn up,n d
estroyed,n orn immobilized,n asn inn then casen of ninsulinn and n then inhibitionn of nthen secretionn ofn glucago
n.n Nonen of nthenothernoptionsn involven signalingn that nisn associated nwithnanlocalnchemicaln mediatorn
liken insulin.
9. Inncellularn metabolism,n eachn enzymen hasn anhighn affinitynforn a:
a. solute.
, TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:n B
Eachn enzymen hasn an highn affinitynfornansubstrate,nanspecificn substancen convertedntonan productnofnth
en reaction.n Cellularn metabolismn isn not n dependent n onn annattractionn betweennann enzymen andnanyno
f n then remainingn options.
10. Ann athleten runsn an marathon,n aftern whichn hisn musclesn feeln fatigued nandn unablen toncontract.nThen at
hleten asksn thennursenwhynthisn happened.nThen nurse’snresponsen isn based n onnthenknowledgenthatn the
n problemn isn result n of n an deficiencyn of:
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS:n C
Whenn ATPn isn deficient,nimpaired n musclen contractionnresults.n Nonen ofnthenothernoptionsnaren invo
lved n inn musclen contraction.
11. Whichn phasen of n catabolismnproducesn then most n ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricnacid n cycle
ANS:n D N
Whilensomen ATPn isn produced n duringn thenoxidationn and n glycolysisn phases,n most n of nthen ATPn is
generated n duringn then citricn acid n cycle.n Digestionn doesn not n producen anynATP.
12. A n nursen isn teachingn thenstaffnaboutn thenphasesn ofncellularn catabolism.n Whichn phasesn should n thenn
ursen include?
a. Digestion,n glycolysis,n oxidation,n and n thencitricnacid n cycle
b. Diffusion,n osmosis,n and n mediated ntransport
c. Sn phase,n G n phase,n and n Mn phase
d. Metabolicnabsorption,n respiration,n and nexcretion
ANS:n A
Onlyndigestion,n glycolysis,n oxidation,n and nthencitricn acid ncyclenarenthenphasesn of ncellularn catabol
ism.
13. A nrunnern hasn depleted nallnthen oxygennavailablen fornmusclen energy.n Whichn ofnthenfollowingn willn f
acilitaten hisn continued n musclen performance?
a. Electron-transport nchain
b. Aerobicnglycolysis
c. Anaerobicnglycolysis
d. Oxidativenphosphorylation
ANS:n C
, TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER
Whennnon oxygenn isn available,n anaerobicnglycolysisn occurs.n Thenelectron-
transport n chainn isn part n of nthencitricn acid ncycle.n Aerobicn glycolysisn involvesn then presencen of n oxyg
en.n Oxidativen phosphorylationn isn then mechanismn byn whichn thenenergyn produced nfromn carbohyd
rates,n fats,n and n proteinsn isn transferred n ton ATP.n It n isn not n part n of n musclen performance.
14. A n facultynmembern asksn an student nton identifynthen appropriaten termn forn thenmovement n ofnansolutenfr
omn ann arean of n greatern tonlessern concentration.n Whichn answern indicatesn thennursingn studentnunde
rstood n then teaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticnpressure
d. Activentransport
ANS:n B
Diffusionn isn then movement n ofnansolutenmoleculen fromnann arean ofngreaternsolutenconcentrationn tona
nn arean of n lessern soluten concentrationn throughn anpermeablen membrane.n Osmosisn isn then movement
n of n watern acrossn an semipermeablen membranen fromn an regionn of n highern watern concentrationn tonone
n of n lowern concentration.n Hydrostaticn pressuren isn then forcen ofn fluid n against n an celln membrane.n Inn a
ctiven transport,n moleculesn moven upn an concentrationn gradient.
15. Whichndescriptionn accuratelyndescribesn electrolytes?
a. Smallnlipid-solublen molecules
b. Largenproteinn molecules
c. Micronutrientsn used n ton producen ATP
d. Electricallyncharged n molecules
ANS:n D
ElectrolytesnarenelectricallynchaNrg ed n molecules.n Theynarennot nlipid n soluble,ntheynaren not n made
upnof nprotein,n and n theyndon not n playnan rolen inn ATPn production.
16. A n nursen isn readingn anchart nandn seesnthentermnoncoticn pressure.n Then nursenrecallsn that n oncoticn p
ressuren (colloid n osmoticn pressure)n isn determined n by:
a. then concentrationn of nsodium.
b. plasmanproteins.
c. hydrostaticnpressure.
d. then availabilitynof n membranen transportern proteins.
ANS:n B
Oncoticn pressuren isn determined n bynthen effectn ofn colloidsn orn plasman proteins.n Then concentrationn o
f nsodiumn playsn an rolen inntonicity.nHydrostaticn pressuren isn thenforcenwithinn an vessel.n Membranen tra
nsportern proteinsn aren involved n inn activen transport n withinn an concentrationn gradient.
17. A npatient n hasn an bodynfluid n of n300n mOsm/kg.n Thisn labn result n isn measuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmoticnpressure.
d. oncoticnpressure.
ANS:n A
Chapter n01:nCellular nBiology
Huether:nUnderstanding nPathophysiology,n 7thnEdition
MULTIPLEnCHOICE
1. A n student n isn observingn an celln undern then microscope.n It n isn observ
ed n ton havensupercoiled n DNAwithnhistones.n Whichnof nthenfollowi
ngn would n alson ben observed n byn then student?
a. Ansinglen circularn chromosome
b. An nucleus
c. Free-floatingnnuclearn material
d. Nonorganelles
ANS:n B
Then cellndescribed n isn an eukaryoticn cell,n son it n hasn histonesn and n an s
upercoiled n DNA n withinn itsnucleus;n thus,n then nucleusn should n ben
observed.n Ansinglen circularn chromosomen called n an prokaryoten co
ntainsn free-floatingn nuclearn materialn but n hasn non organelles.
2. A n nursen isn instructingn then staffnabout ncellularn functions.n Whichn cellularn functionn isn then nursen d
escribingn whenn ann isolated n cellnabsorbsn oxygenn and n usesn it n tontransformn nutrientsn ton energy?
a. Metabolicnabsorption
b. Communication
c. Secretion
d. Respiration
ANS:n D
Then cell’sn abilitynton absorbnoxygenn isn referred n ton asnrespirationn whilen itsn communicationn abilityn invol
vesnmaintenancenof nans t e adNy ndynamicn state,n metabolicnabsorptionnprovidesnnutrition,n and n secretionn
allowsn forn then synthesizingn of n new n substances.
3. A n eukaryoticn celln isn undergoingn DNA nreplication.n Innwhichnregionn ofnthencelln would nmost n of n t
hen geneticn informationn ben contained?
a. Mitochondria
b. Ribosome
c. Nucleolus
d. Nucleusncytoplasm
ANS:n C
Thenregionn of nthen cellnthat n containsngeneticn material,n includingn anlargen amount nof nribonucleicn aci
d,n most n of nthen DNA,n and n DNA-
bindingn proteins,n isn then nucleolus,n whichn isn locatednwithinn then cell’sn nucleus.n Mitochondrian isn a
ssociated n withn cellularn respirationn whilen ribosomesn aren involved n withn proteinn manufacturing.n
Cytoplasmn isn an fluid n fillingn that n isn an component n of n then cell.
4. Whichn of nthen followingncann removen proteinsnattached nton then cell’sn bilayern byndissolvingn then l
ayern itself?
a. Peripheralnmembranen proteins
b. Integralnmembranen proteins
c. Glycoproteins
d. Cellnadhesionn molecules
,TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER
ANS:n B
Proteinsn directlynattached n tonthen membranen bilayern cann ben removed nbynthenactionnof n integraln me
mbranen proteinsn that n dissolven then bilayer.n Peripheraln membranen proteinsn residen at n then surfacen
whilen celln adhesionn moleculesn aren onn then outsiden of n then membrane.n Glycoproteinn marksn cellsn a
nd n doesn not n float.
5. Whichnof nthen followingn cann bind n ton plasman membranen receptors?
a. Oxygen
b. Ribosomes
c. Amphipathicn lipids
d. Ligands
ANS:n D
Ligandsn aren then onlynspecificn moleculesn that n cann bind n withn receptorsn onnthen celln membrane.
6. A nnursen isn reviewingn anreport n fromnanpatient n withnmetastaticn cancer.n What nalternationn innthen e
xtracellularn matrixn would n support n then diagnosisn of n metastaticn cancer?
a. Decreased n fibronectin
b. Increased n collagen
c. Decreased nelastin
d. Increased n glycoproteins
ANS:n A
Onlynan reduced n amount nofnfibronectinn isn foundninnsomen typesnofncancerousn cells,n allowingn themn
ton traveln orn metastasize.
7. Whichnformnof ncelln communicationn isn used n ton relaten tonothern cellsn inn direct n physicaln contact?
a. Celln junction N
b. Gapn junction
c. Desmosome
d. Tight n junction
ANS:n A
Celln junctionsn hold n cellsn togethern andnpermit n moleculesn tonpassn fromncellnton cell.n Gapnjunctionsn allow
n forn cellularn communicationn betweenn cells.n Neithern desmosomesn norn tight n junctionsn aren associated n
withn cellularn communication.
8. Pancreaticn betancellsn secreten insulin,n whichn inhibitsn secretionnof nglucagonn fromnneighboringna
lphan cells.n Thisn actionn isn ann examplen of n whichn of n then followingn signalingn types?
a. Paracrine
b. Autocrine
c. Neurohormonal
d. Hormonal
ANS:n A
Paracrinen signalingn involvesn then releasen of n localnchemicaln mediatorsnthat n arenquicklyntakenn up,n d
estroyed,n orn immobilized,n asn inn then casen of ninsulinn and n then inhibitionn of nthen secretionn ofn glucago
n.n Nonen of nthenothernoptionsn involven signalingn that nisn associated nwithnanlocalnchemicaln mediatorn
liken insulin.
9. Inncellularn metabolism,n eachn enzymen hasn anhighn affinitynforn a:
a. solute.
, TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER
b. substrate.
c. receptor.
d. ribosome.
ANS:n B
Eachn enzymen hasn an highn affinitynfornansubstrate,nanspecificn substancen convertedntonan productnofnth
en reaction.n Cellularn metabolismn isn not n dependent n onn annattractionn betweennann enzymen andnanyno
f n then remainingn options.
10. Ann athleten runsn an marathon,n aftern whichn hisn musclesn feeln fatigued nandn unablen toncontract.nThen at
hleten asksn thennursenwhynthisn happened.nThen nurse’snresponsen isn based n onnthenknowledgenthatn the
n problemn isn result n of n an deficiencyn of:
a. GTP.
b. AMP.
c. ATP.
d. GMP.
ANS:n C
Whenn ATPn isn deficient,nimpaired n musclen contractionnresults.n Nonen ofnthenothernoptionsnaren invo
lved n inn musclen contraction.
11. Whichn phasen of n catabolismnproducesn then most n ATP?
a. Digestion
b. Glycolysis
c. Oxidation
d. Citricnacid n cycle
ANS:n D N
Whilensomen ATPn isn produced n duringn thenoxidationn and n glycolysisn phases,n most n of nthen ATPn is
generated n duringn then citricn acid n cycle.n Digestionn doesn not n producen anynATP.
12. A n nursen isn teachingn thenstaffnaboutn thenphasesn ofncellularn catabolism.n Whichn phasesn should n thenn
ursen include?
a. Digestion,n glycolysis,n oxidation,n and n thencitricnacid n cycle
b. Diffusion,n osmosis,n and n mediated ntransport
c. Sn phase,n G n phase,n and n Mn phase
d. Metabolicnabsorption,n respiration,n and nexcretion
ANS:n A
Onlyndigestion,n glycolysis,n oxidation,n and nthencitricn acid ncyclenarenthenphasesn of ncellularn catabol
ism.
13. A nrunnern hasn depleted nallnthen oxygennavailablen fornmusclen energy.n Whichn ofnthenfollowingn willn f
acilitaten hisn continued n musclen performance?
a. Electron-transport nchain
b. Aerobicnglycolysis
c. Anaerobicnglycolysis
d. Oxidativenphosphorylation
ANS:n C
, TESTnBANKnFORnUNDERSTANDINGnPATHOPHYSIOLOGYn7THnEDITIONnBYnHUETHER
Whennnon oxygenn isn available,n anaerobicnglycolysisn occurs.n Thenelectron-
transport n chainn isn part n of nthencitricn acid ncycle.n Aerobicn glycolysisn involvesn then presencen of n oxyg
en.n Oxidativen phosphorylationn isn then mechanismn byn whichn thenenergyn produced nfromn carbohyd
rates,n fats,n and n proteinsn isn transferred n ton ATP.n It n isn not n part n of n musclen performance.
14. A n facultynmembern asksn an student nton identifynthen appropriaten termn forn thenmovement n ofnansolutenfr
omn ann arean of n greatern tonlessern concentration.n Whichn answern indicatesn thennursingn studentnunde
rstood n then teaching?
a. Osmosis
b. Diffusion
c. Hydrostaticnpressure
d. Activentransport
ANS:n B
Diffusionn isn then movement n ofnansolutenmoleculen fromnann arean ofngreaternsolutenconcentrationn tona
nn arean of n lessern soluten concentrationn throughn anpermeablen membrane.n Osmosisn isn then movement
n of n watern acrossn an semipermeablen membranen fromn an regionn of n highern watern concentrationn tonone
n of n lowern concentration.n Hydrostaticn pressuren isn then forcen ofn fluid n against n an celln membrane.n Inn a
ctiven transport,n moleculesn moven upn an concentrationn gradient.
15. Whichndescriptionn accuratelyndescribesn electrolytes?
a. Smallnlipid-solublen molecules
b. Largenproteinn molecules
c. Micronutrientsn used n ton producen ATP
d. Electricallyncharged n molecules
ANS:n D
ElectrolytesnarenelectricallynchaNrg ed n molecules.n Theynarennot nlipid n soluble,ntheynaren not n made
upnof nprotein,n and n theyndon not n playnan rolen inn ATPn production.
16. A n nursen isn readingn anchart nandn seesnthentermnoncoticn pressure.n Then nursenrecallsn that n oncoticn p
ressuren (colloid n osmoticn pressure)n isn determined n by:
a. then concentrationn of nsodium.
b. plasmanproteins.
c. hydrostaticnpressure.
d. then availabilitynof n membranen transportern proteins.
ANS:n B
Oncoticn pressuren isn determined n bynthen effectn ofn colloidsn orn plasman proteins.n Then concentrationn o
f nsodiumn playsn an rolen inntonicity.nHydrostaticn pressuren isn thenforcenwithinn an vessel.n Membranen tra
nsportern proteinsn aren involved n inn activen transport n withinn an concentrationn gradient.
17. A npatient n hasn an bodynfluid n of n300n mOsm/kg.n Thisn labn result n isn measuring:
a. osmolality.
b. osmolarity.
c. osmoticnpressure.
d. oncoticnpressure.
ANS:n A
