APEA-Cardiovascular- Patho Questions and Answers

APEA-Cardiovascular- Patho Questions
and Answers 2025-2026
AAcommonAcauseAofAdiastolicAheartAfailureAis:A
myocarditis
myocardialAinfarction
dilatedAcardiomyopathy
hypertensionA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-HypertensionA

long-termAhypertensionAisAaAcommonAcauseAofAdiastolicAheartAfailure.A
DiastolicAdysfunctionAoccursAwhenAtheAfillingAofAoneAorAbothAventriclesAisAimpairedAbecaus
eAtheAventricleAhasAbecomeAlessAcompliant.A
TheAheartAmustApumpAmoreAforcefullyAinAorderAtoApushAbloodAintoAcirculationAagainstAincre
asedAvascularAresistance.
WhichAtypeAofAanginaAresultsAfromAcoronaryAarteryAvasospasmAandAoccursAinAatypicalApat
terns?A
ClassicAangina
Prinzmetal'sAangina
UnstableAanginaA
PleuriticAchestApainA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-Prinzmetal'sAanginaA
ResultsAfromAcoronaryAarteryAvasospasmAandAoccursAinAanAatypicalApattern.AItAisAusuallyAa
tAaAsingleAsite.AItAcanAoccurAinAaAnormalAorAdiseaseAvessel.APainAisAusuallyAresolvedAwithAa
nginaAmedication.A
ClassicA(stableAangina)AoccursAwhenAtheAheartAisAstressed,AlastsAlessAthanA5Aminutes,Aan
dAusuallyAresolvesAwithArest.A
UnstableAanginaAisAconsideredAaAmedicalAemergencyAbecauseAitAlastsAlongerAthanA5Aminu
tes,AdoesAnotAfollowAtheAnormalApainApattern,AandAmayAnotAresolveAwithArestAorAanginaAme
dication.AItAisAoftenAassociatedAorAsignalsAaAMI.
AApatientAwhoAisAinAcardiogenicAshockAwillApresentAwith:A
aAhighAcardiacAindexA
decreasedAvascularAresistanceA
increasedAventricularAejectionAfractionA
mixedAvenousAoxygenAsaturationA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
mixedAvenousAoxygenAsaturationA

PatientsAwillAhaveAaAlowAcardiacAindex,AelevatedAfillingApressuresAofAtheAleft,Aright,AorAbothA
ventricles,AandAaAdecreasedAmixedAvenousAoxygenAsaturation.
WithAeachAheartAbeat,AbloodAwithinAtheAleftAandArightAventricleAisAejectedAintoAthe:A
leftAatriumAonlyA
aortaAandApulmonaryAarteryA
anteriorAdescendingAarteryA
rightAcoronaryAarteryA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-aortaAandApulmonaryAartery
TheAprimaryAcauseAofAcardiogenicAshockAinAaApatientAwithAanAacuteAMIAis:A

, failureAofAtheAventricleAtoApumpAbloodAadequatelyA
failureAofAtheAaorticAvalveAtoApumpAbloodAadequatelyA
regurgitationAofAtheAtricuspidAvalve
regurgitationAofAtheAmitralAvalveA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
failureAofAtheAventricleAtoApumpAadequately
UnstableAanginaAisAcharacterizedAby:A
anginaAwithAprolongedAactivityA
anginaAsymptomsAlastingA>6Amonths.A
increasingAcrescendoAanginaA
anginaAwithAelevatedAcardiacAmarkersA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
increasedAcrescendoAanginaA

unstableAanginaAisAcharacterizedAbyAprolongedAanginaAatArestA(usuallyA>20AminutesAatAres
t),AandAincreasingAcrescendoAanginaA(nowAmoreAfrequentA&AlongerAduration)
WhichAoneAofAtheAfollowingAproducesAvisibleAevidenceAofAanAunderlyingAproblemAwithAreve
rseAvenousAflow?A
cellulitis
bruising
stasisAdermatitisA
varicoseAveinsA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-varicoseAveins
WhichAoneAofAtheAfollowingAisANOTAanAassessmentAfindingAinAaApatientAwhoAisAexperiencin
gAshock?A
lowAurineAoutput
end-organAhyperperfusionA
poorAmentationA
hypotensionA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-end-organAhyperperfusion
AAprogressiveAdiseaseAofAheartAmuscleAthatAisAcharacterizedAbyAventricularAchamberAenla
rgementAandAcontractileAdysfunctionAis:A
acuteAcoronaryAsyndromeA
cardiacAtamponade
dilatedAcardiomyopathyA
thyrotoxicosisA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-dilatedAcardiomyopathy
PatientsAwithAacuteAcoronaryAsyndromeAmayAexperienceAchestApainAsecondaryAto:A
arterialAvasodilationA
oxygenAdemand
potassiumAdepletionA
elevatedAcreatineA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-oxygenAdemand
WhatAisAtheApurposeAofAactivationAofAtheAsympatheticAnervousAsystem,AtheArenin-
angiotensin-
aldosteroneAsystem,AandAtheAantidiureticAsystemAinAtheApresenceAofAimpairedAcardiacApu
mpingAand/orAfilling?A
promotionAofAvenousArelaxationA
productionAofAarterialAvasoconstrictionA
decreaseAinAvenousApressureA
decreaseAinAventricularAfillingA-ACORRECTAANSWERS-
ProductionAofAarterialAvasoconstrictionA