NURS 1100 Test Three Exam All Questions Correct
Detailed Answers (A Grade )
/ What is the difference between a communicable and noncommunicable disease? -
Answer-Communicable diseases are infections that can be spread from a diseased
person to a healthy person (such as COVID, the flu, etc.) whereas noncommunicable
diseases cannot be spread (such as cancer).
/.Define epidemic, endemic, and pandemic. - Answer-An epidemic is a situation in which
there are more cases of an infectious disease than is normal for the population or
geographic area.
A pandemic is a worldwide epidemic of a disease.
An endemic is the constant presence of an infection in a geographical area.
/.What are the links in the chain of infection? - Answer-Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
/.What are the stages of infection? - Answer-The incubation period is the interval
between enterance of pathogen into the body and the first symptoms.
The prodromal stage is the interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to
more specific symptoms.
The illness stage is the interval when the patient manifests signs and symptoms specific
to the type of infection.
The convalescence stage is the interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear.
/.What are the different types of infectious microorganisms? - Answer-Bacterial
infections are caused by single celled organisms known as bacteria.
Viral infections are caused by viruses, which cannot survive without a host.
Fungal infections are caused by yeasts (single celled), molds, and mushrooms.
Parasitic infections are transmitted to humans from dead material in water and soil.
Vector borne infections are transmitted to humans from animals.
/.What is the difference between endotoxins and exotoxins? - Answer-Exotoxins are
enzymes released by gram-positive bacteria into the host whereas endotoxins are
gram-negative bacteria that cause damage to the host even when the bacteria is dead.
/.What does MDRO stand for? What are some examples of MDROs? - Answer-
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are bacteria that resist treatment with more
than one antibiotic. Examples include MRSA, C-Diff, and VRE.
, /.What is conjuctivitis? What are some key symptoms? - Answer-Conjunctivitis (or pink
eye) is an infection of the conjunctiva that is characterized by reddness and swelling of
the conjunctiva, thick discharge from the eye with crusting on eyelids or lashes, and
itchy or inflammed eyes.
/.What is cellulitis? What are some key symptoms? - Answer-Cellulitis is a bacterial skin
infection, especially of the adipose tissue. Key symptoms include pain in the affected
area, warmness, blistering, red rashes, or swelling of the affected area.
/.What is human papillomavirus (HPV)? What are some key symptoms? - Answer-HPV
is a sexually transmitted disease that is characterized by genital warts and itching. This
infection increases the risk of cancer.
/.What is the difference between B-cells and T-cells? - Answer-B-cells produce
antibodies to help ward off future infections whereas T-cells directly kill invading
organisms.
/.Describe the following exudates. - Answer-Sanguineous exudate is bright red and
indicates active bleeding.
Serosanguinous exudate is pale, pink, and watery. It is a mixture of clear and red fluid.
Purulent exudate is thick, yellow, green, or brown
Serous exudate is clear and watery plasma
/.What are the different types of infection precautions? What PPE is used with each
type? What are examples of illnesses that would be associated with each precautions? -
Answer-Standard - Gloves.
Contact - Gown, gloves. C-Diff, MRSA, VRE, TB
Droplet - Face shield, mask, gloves. Strep throat, flu, pneumonia
Airborne - Gown, gloves, face shield, mask. SARS, chickenpox, COVID
/.What is the purpose of negative pressurized rooms? How can you tell if a room is
negative pressure? - Answer-Negative pressure rooms contain airborne illnesses by
ensuring that infected air is not ventilated into surrounding clean patient areas. There is
a ball on the wall above the door that is sucked inside the room when the negative
airflow is working correctly.
/.What are the normal body temperatures for an adult? - Answer-Average temperature
range: 36° to 38° C (96.8° to 100.4° F)
Average oral/tympanic: 37° C (98.6° F)
Average rectal: 37.5° C (99.5° F)
Axillary: 36.5° C (97.7° F)
/.What is the difference between normothermia, hypothermia, hyperthermia, and
hyperpyrexia? - Answer-Normothermia describes a body temperature within the normal
range.
Hypothermia describes a body temperature that is below the normal range (<36.2 C)
Detailed Answers (A Grade )
/ What is the difference between a communicable and noncommunicable disease? -
Answer-Communicable diseases are infections that can be spread from a diseased
person to a healthy person (such as COVID, the flu, etc.) whereas noncommunicable
diseases cannot be spread (such as cancer).
/.Define epidemic, endemic, and pandemic. - Answer-An epidemic is a situation in which
there are more cases of an infectious disease than is normal for the population or
geographic area.
A pandemic is a worldwide epidemic of a disease.
An endemic is the constant presence of an infection in a geographical area.
/.What are the links in the chain of infection? - Answer-Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
/.What are the stages of infection? - Answer-The incubation period is the interval
between enterance of pathogen into the body and the first symptoms.
The prodromal stage is the interval from onset of nonspecific signs and symptoms to
more specific symptoms.
The illness stage is the interval when the patient manifests signs and symptoms specific
to the type of infection.
The convalescence stage is the interval when acute symptoms of infection disappear.
/.What are the different types of infectious microorganisms? - Answer-Bacterial
infections are caused by single celled organisms known as bacteria.
Viral infections are caused by viruses, which cannot survive without a host.
Fungal infections are caused by yeasts (single celled), molds, and mushrooms.
Parasitic infections are transmitted to humans from dead material in water and soil.
Vector borne infections are transmitted to humans from animals.
/.What is the difference between endotoxins and exotoxins? - Answer-Exotoxins are
enzymes released by gram-positive bacteria into the host whereas endotoxins are
gram-negative bacteria that cause damage to the host even when the bacteria is dead.
/.What does MDRO stand for? What are some examples of MDROs? - Answer-
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are bacteria that resist treatment with more
than one antibiotic. Examples include MRSA, C-Diff, and VRE.
, /.What is conjuctivitis? What are some key symptoms? - Answer-Conjunctivitis (or pink
eye) is an infection of the conjunctiva that is characterized by reddness and swelling of
the conjunctiva, thick discharge from the eye with crusting on eyelids or lashes, and
itchy or inflammed eyes.
/.What is cellulitis? What are some key symptoms? - Answer-Cellulitis is a bacterial skin
infection, especially of the adipose tissue. Key symptoms include pain in the affected
area, warmness, blistering, red rashes, or swelling of the affected area.
/.What is human papillomavirus (HPV)? What are some key symptoms? - Answer-HPV
is a sexually transmitted disease that is characterized by genital warts and itching. This
infection increases the risk of cancer.
/.What is the difference between B-cells and T-cells? - Answer-B-cells produce
antibodies to help ward off future infections whereas T-cells directly kill invading
organisms.
/.Describe the following exudates. - Answer-Sanguineous exudate is bright red and
indicates active bleeding.
Serosanguinous exudate is pale, pink, and watery. It is a mixture of clear and red fluid.
Purulent exudate is thick, yellow, green, or brown
Serous exudate is clear and watery plasma
/.What are the different types of infection precautions? What PPE is used with each
type? What are examples of illnesses that would be associated with each precautions? -
Answer-Standard - Gloves.
Contact - Gown, gloves. C-Diff, MRSA, VRE, TB
Droplet - Face shield, mask, gloves. Strep throat, flu, pneumonia
Airborne - Gown, gloves, face shield, mask. SARS, chickenpox, COVID
/.What is the purpose of negative pressurized rooms? How can you tell if a room is
negative pressure? - Answer-Negative pressure rooms contain airborne illnesses by
ensuring that infected air is not ventilated into surrounding clean patient areas. There is
a ball on the wall above the door that is sucked inside the room when the negative
airflow is working correctly.
/.What are the normal body temperatures for an adult? - Answer-Average temperature
range: 36° to 38° C (96.8° to 100.4° F)
Average oral/tympanic: 37° C (98.6° F)
Average rectal: 37.5° C (99.5° F)
Axillary: 36.5° C (97.7° F)
/.What is the difference between normothermia, hypothermia, hyperthermia, and
hyperpyrexia? - Answer-Normothermia describes a body temperature within the normal
range.
Hypothermia describes a body temperature that is below the normal range (<36.2 C)
