Community Nursing 3065 Questions With Complete
Solutions
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution of health events in populations and
the determinants that influence those patterns.
Descriptive epidemiology
The study of the distribution of disease. Seeks to answer the
question, who, what where and when.
Analytic Epidemiology
study of origins and causal factors of the disease (how and why)
What is in the epidemiological triangle
host, environment, agent
What is an agent ?
An inanimate or animate factor that must be present or lacking
for a disease or condition to develop
What is a Host?
Living species capable of being infected or affected by an
agent ., Adult, child, animal ...consider the susceptibility of the
host.
What is the Environment?
Everything internal or external to a given host or agent and that
is influence by and influences the host and/or agent.person: age,
,sex, ethnicity, relationship status, place of birth
Place: location, region, countries, specific work environment
What is the web of causality?
Illustrates the complex interrelation of numerous factors
sometimes interacting in subtle ways to increase (or decrease)
the risk of disease
What type of thinking does web of causality promote?
upstream thinking
What is surveillance?
systematic and ongoing collection of data about disease
occurrence.
What is the difference between reportable disease, non-
reportable disease, and contact tracing?
reportable disease is reported to public health (medical health
officer), non - reportable disease is not, contact tracing - locating
individuals who have had contact with individual affected with
the pathology.
Which 4 ethical principles are relevant to ethical deliberation of
public health?
harm principle
principle of least restrictive means
reciprocity principle
transparency principle
, which ethical principle sets out the liberty to take action to
restrict the liberty of an individual or group in order to prevent
harm to others?
Harm Reduction
Which ethical principle recognized that a variety of means exist
to achieve public health needs, but the full authority and power
should be used for exceptional circumstances?
Least restrictive means
Which ethical principle includes the belief that society must be
prepared to facilitate individuals and communities in their
efforts to discharge their duties
Reciprocity Principle
What is the iceberg metaphor?
The iceberg phenomenon is a metaphor emphasizing that for
virtually every health problem the number of known cases of
disease is outweighed by thos that remain undiscovered, much
as the unseen part of an iceberg is much larger than the part that
is visible.
Who examined health and disease in a community by looking at
geography, climate, seasons of the year, food and water
consumed, and the habits and behaviors of people
Hippocrates
Who showed that the water supply was related to the
development of cholera in England
John Snow
Solutions
Epidemiology
The study of the distribution of health events in populations and
the determinants that influence those patterns.
Descriptive epidemiology
The study of the distribution of disease. Seeks to answer the
question, who, what where and when.
Analytic Epidemiology
study of origins and causal factors of the disease (how and why)
What is in the epidemiological triangle
host, environment, agent
What is an agent ?
An inanimate or animate factor that must be present or lacking
for a disease or condition to develop
What is a Host?
Living species capable of being infected or affected by an
agent ., Adult, child, animal ...consider the susceptibility of the
host.
What is the Environment?
Everything internal or external to a given host or agent and that
is influence by and influences the host and/or agent.person: age,
,sex, ethnicity, relationship status, place of birth
Place: location, region, countries, specific work environment
What is the web of causality?
Illustrates the complex interrelation of numerous factors
sometimes interacting in subtle ways to increase (or decrease)
the risk of disease
What type of thinking does web of causality promote?
upstream thinking
What is surveillance?
systematic and ongoing collection of data about disease
occurrence.
What is the difference between reportable disease, non-
reportable disease, and contact tracing?
reportable disease is reported to public health (medical health
officer), non - reportable disease is not, contact tracing - locating
individuals who have had contact with individual affected with
the pathology.
Which 4 ethical principles are relevant to ethical deliberation of
public health?
harm principle
principle of least restrictive means
reciprocity principle
transparency principle
, which ethical principle sets out the liberty to take action to
restrict the liberty of an individual or group in order to prevent
harm to others?
Harm Reduction
Which ethical principle recognized that a variety of means exist
to achieve public health needs, but the full authority and power
should be used for exceptional circumstances?
Least restrictive means
Which ethical principle includes the belief that society must be
prepared to facilitate individuals and communities in their
efforts to discharge their duties
Reciprocity Principle
What is the iceberg metaphor?
The iceberg phenomenon is a metaphor emphasizing that for
virtually every health problem the number of known cases of
disease is outweighed by thos that remain undiscovered, much
as the unseen part of an iceberg is much larger than the part that
is visible.
Who examined health and disease in a community by looking at
geography, climate, seasons of the year, food and water
consumed, and the habits and behaviors of people
Hippocrates
Who showed that the water supply was related to the
development of cholera in England
John Snow
