Crowd Management Certification FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||100% GUARANTEED PASS <RECENT VERSION>

Crowd Management Certification FINAL EXAM 2025/2026 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ||100% GUARANTEED PASS &lt;RECENT VERSION&gt; 1. Crowd management must take into account all the elements of an event especially the type of event (sporting, circus, theatrical, concert, or parade.): - ANSWER Characteristics of the facility Size and demeanor of the crowd Methods of entrance Communications Crowd control and queueing 2. As in all management, what must crowd management include? - ANSWER -planning -organizing -staffing -directing -evaluating 3. What is critical to crowd management? - ANSWER defining the roles of the parties involved in an event the quality of the advanced intelligence the effectiveness of the planning process 4. Crowd - ANSWER group of individuals who gather to involve themselves in some specific event 5. Crowd Management - ANSWER part of the duty facility managers owe to their patrons to protect them from unreasonable risk of harm from themselves or others. 6. The ____________________ is an excellent formation for small agencies to use when dealing with crowds. All four (4) officers can be placed in one (1) mobile unit to respond, or use two (2) units, with two (2) officers each. This reduces the number of patrol vehicles needed and the number of potential units damaged, should rioters attack them. - ANSWER four-officer diamond 7. Mini-formations: - ANSWER (a) Three (3) officer wedge (b) Four (4) officer diamond (c) Combining of two (2) mini-formations into a basic 6 to 8-person team 8. Larger riot control formations: - ANSWER 1) Squad 2) Platoon 3) Line formation 4) Echelon formation 5) Wedge formation 6) Diamond formation 7) Arrest circle formation 9. Squad formation: - ANSWER A squad should not be less than eight (8) or more than twelve officers. One (1) member should be designated as the leader. 10. Platoon formation: - ANSWER A platoon should consist of three (3) or four (4) squads. One (1) officer should be designated as the leader. Three (3) platoons form one (1) company. 11. Arrest circle formation: - ANSWER used to protect arresting officers and not crowd dispersal. 12. After a tactical retreat, if officers are unable to re-enter an area, then _____________ of the area is the best option. - ANSWER isolation 13. Mobile rescue tactics : - ANSWER Mobile tactics can be used for rescue of officers and citizens in hostile encounters. A two-car rescue technique can be utilized for this purpose. 14. ___________________________ should only be used when the crowd is disorderly to the extent of throwing objects, physically attacking officers, or there is an imminent threat of either. - ANSWER Chemical munitions 15. Any time chemical munitions are used, at least one (1) _____________________________ should be determined prior to deployment. - ANSWER crowd escape route 16. Any time chemical agents are used on a crowd, they should be _______________ of its pending use. This gives those who choose time to leave. - ANSWER warned 17. REMEMBER, the use of ________________________ is considered a use of force and should only be deployed by officers specially trained in their use and deployment. - ANSWER chemical agents 18. Currently, there are four (4) forms of chemical agents used by law enforcement agencies for crowd control: - ANSWER a. HC (Hexachlorethane) - Smoke b. CN (Chloroacetophenone) - discovered in 1869 by a German chemist c. CS (Orthochlorbenzalmalononitrile) d. Oleoresin capsicum (OC) products 19. Smoke is effective when used to break up some crowds that are disorderly, but not overtly violent. Smoke can be used for the following purposes: - ANSWER 1. Conceal movement 2. Disorient the crowd 3. Determine the wind direction 20. What is the odor of CN gas? - ANSWER Apple blossoms 21. Incapacitation factor of CN gas: - ANSWER 10 to 20 minutes. CN is a fast-acting irritant that affects the upper respiratory passages, lacrimal glands, and eyes. The agents usually begin to work in 1 to 3 seconds; however, some people may not be affected for up to 30 minutes. 22. Physiological effects of CN gas: - ANSWER Irritating to the skin, causing a burning and itching sensation. Flowing of tears, nose irritation - agents especially affect moist areas of the body. 23. CS (Orthochlorbenzalmalononitrile) : - ANSWER An irritant agent developed and used for crowd dispersal. Most effective broad-based munition, used primarily outdoors. Causes irritation to the eyes, skin and respiratory system. 24. CS odor: - ANSWER Peppery 25. CS incapacitation time: - ANSWER produces almost immediate effects in 5 to 10 seconds. Effects can last from 10 to 30 minutes. 26. Physiological effects of CS: - ANSWER i) Extreme burning of the eyes, accompanied by copious flowing of tears ii) Involuntary closing of the eyes ii) Stinging sensation on moist skin iii) Runny nose, sinus, and nasal drip iv) Tightness in the chest and throat. One should observe exposed subjects for respiratory difficulty after exposure. Seek medical treatment if difficulty persists beyond 20 to 30 minutes, or if requested. v) Dizziness or swimming of the head 27. Best oleoresin capsicum (OC) for dispersing crowds? - ANSWER Cone shaped or fogging. 28. Odor of OC spray: - ANSWER Spicy, peppery. 29. Incapacitation factor for stream-based OC systems: - ANSWER 1. Acts immediately on most individuals. 2. Almost total incapacitation of some subjects. 3. Incapacitation usually limited to the one sprayed. 4. Foggers and powered based munitions affect the breathing ability of the exposed individual more than the eyes, which makes them better crowd dispersal systems. 30. Physiological effects of OC: - ANSWER 1. Burning sensation to the eyes 2. Irritation to the nasal passages and throat 3. Tight feeling around the chest 4. Stream-based OC products may be best used by arrest teams to target persons singled out for arrest because of their incapacitating ability. 31. Color chart for munitions: - ANSWER e. Smoke color code is yellow f. CN color code is red g. CS color code is blue h. OC color code is orange 32. Special impact munitions (SIMS): - ANSWER i. These munitions are referred to as kinetic energy munitions and are viable tools to employ on violent crowds and violent individuals within the crowd. ii. They must only be used against hostile crowds and when other dispersal options are not effective or safe to use. 33. Use of specialty impact munitions: - ANSWER 1. Move or route a crowd 2. Cover formation movement during violent demonstrations/riot 3. Takedown targeted subjects for arrest 4. Stop potential violent attackers from hitting officers 34. Types of special impact munitions - ANSWER (a) Bean bag rounds (b) Rubber bullets (c) Rubber pellets (d) Rubber baton rounds (e) Foam rounds (f) Wooden baton rounds (g) Sponge rounds (h) Sting-ball grenades 35. Psychological effects of SIMS: - ANSWER 1. SIMS have a strong mental effect on an individual. 2. Anxiety - having a firearm pointed directly at them 3. Fear - of being struck by a munition 4. Panic - crowd or individuals may scatter making it more difficult to strike a specific individual 36. Physiological effects of SIMS: - ANSWER Deploying officers must use caution when deploying these munitions. As with any impact weapon, officers must avoid striking areas of the body, which may cause death or serious injury. Those areas are: the chest, solar plexus, head, spine, neck, groin and major joints. 37. Color code: *OD Green* - ANSWER Use: *sickening agent; also called 'Adamsite'* 38. Officers must consider the ________ ______ before deploying chemical agents - ANSWER Target area 39. Broad based pyrotechnic agents should not be used in areas where there are: - ANSWER Small children and older adults with breathing difficulties Examples: hospitals, day cares, nursing homes, etc 40. General first aid for chemical agents: - ANSWER Remove affected person from the contaminated area to an open, upwind position Remain calm Major discomfort should disappear within 10 - 20 minutes 41. If a particle agent becomes lodged in the eyes, you should: - ANSWER Wash with copious amounts of water