BIOD331 Pathophysiology (Mod 1) Final Test Review 2025 ( With Solns)

BIOD331 Pathophysiology (Module 1)

Final Test Review (Qns & Ans)

2025



1. What is the primary function of mitochondria in the cell?
A. Protein synthesis
B. Energy production
C. Lipid storage
D. Cellular signaling
ANS: B. Energy production
Rationale: Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell,
generating ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.


2. Which process leads to programmed cell death?
A. Necrosis
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, B. Apoptosis
C. Autophagy
D. Inflammation
ANS: B. Apoptosis
Rationale: Apoptosis is a controlled process of cell death,
distinct from necrosis, which occurs due to injury.


3. What is the primary hallmark of chronic inflammation?
A. Increased neutrophil activity
B. Formation of granulomas
C. Decreased cytokine release
D. Acute cell death
ANS: B. Formation of granulomas
Rationale: Chronic inflammation often leads to granuloma
formation as a mechanism to isolate persistent irritants.


4. Which type of cellular adaptation involves an increase in cell
size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy

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, D. Metaplasia
ANS: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to increased cell size, while
hyperplasia involves increased cell numbers.


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True/False Questions
5. Cellular injury caused by hypoxia results in a decrease in ATP
production.
ANS: True
Rationale: Hypoxia impairs oxidative phosphorylation in
mitochondria, reducing ATP availability.


6. Lysosomal dysfunction can lead to accumulation of cellular
waste and contribute to diseases like Tay-Sachs.
ANS: True
Rationale: Lysosomal storage disorders result from defective
enzymes, leading to waste buildup in cells.


7. In pathophysiology, oncogenesis refers to the regression of
cancer cells.

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