chapters
, Contents
1 Introduction to the Chemistry of Life 1
2 Water 9
3 Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids, and Genetic Information 21
4 Amino Acids 29
5 Proteins: Primary Structure 40
6 Proteins: Three-Dimensional Structure 49
7 Protein Function: Myoglobin and Hemoglobin, Muscle
Contraction, and Antibodies 60
8 Carbohydrates 72
9 Lipids and Biological Membranes 80
10 Membrane Transport 90
11 Enzymatic Catalysis 96
12 Enzyme Kinetics, Inhibition, and Control 108
13 Biochemical Signaling 121
14 Introduction to Metabolism 128
15 Glucose Catabolism 137
16 Glycogen Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis 146
17 Citric Acid Cycle 154
18 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation 160
,19 Photosynthesis 169
20 Lipid Metabolism 176
21 Amino Acid Metabolism 188
22 Mammalian Fuel Metabolism: Integration and Regulation 197
23 Nucleotide Metabolism 203
24 Nucleic Acid Structure 210
25 DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination 219
26 Transcription and RNA Processing 230
27 Protein Synthesis 238
28 Regulation of Gene Expression 247
Answers to Questions AQ-1
Solutions to Problems SP-1
, Welcome to biochemistry! You are about to become acquainted with one of the
most exciting scientific disciplines. The biotechnology industry, with its roots in
molecular genetics, is one of the most visible manifestations of the explosion of
biochemical knowledge that has occurred during our lifetime. Drug design and
novel approaches such as gene therapy rely on the fundamental knowledge of the
chemistry of biological molecules, particularly proteins. Our most common
diseases (e.g., diabetes and heart disease) have pleiotropic multifaceted
physiological effects that are best understood in terms of biochemistry. You will
soon discover that biochemistry’s impact on our lives cannot be over-emphasized.
We are excited to bring you an ever-expanding understanding of this magnificent
subject!
Learning biochemistry is not easy but it can be fun! Most students discover
that biochemistry is a synthetic science, merging knowledge of general chemistry,
organic chemistry, and biology. Hence, a more mature and creative kind of
thinking is required to gain a deep understanding of biochemistry. In addition to a
solid foundation in chemistry and biology, you will need to recognize and
assimilate some general principles from other disciplines within biology, including
physiology, genetics, and cell biology. In this respect, biochemistry is not all that
different from nonscientific pursuits that require some degree of “lateral thinking”
across disciplines.
This Student Companion accompanies Fundamentals of Biochemistry Fourth
Edition by Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, and Charlotte W. Pratt. It is designed to
help you master the basic concepts and exercise your analytical skills as you work
your way through the textbook. Each chapter of the Student Companion is divided
into four parts, beginning with a general summary reminding you of the topics
covered in that chapter. This is followed by a section called Essential Concepts,
which provides an overview of the main facts and ideas that are essential for your
understanding of biochemistry. This can be regarded as a set of brief notes for each
chapter, alerting you to the key facts you need to commit to memory and to the
concepts you need to master. You will soon notice that biochemical knowledge is
cumulative: new concepts often rely on a solid understanding of previously
presented concepts. Hence, one of the key goals of this Companion is to help you
gain this understanding. The third and last section is the Questions. These are
organized in a manner to help you gain a firm understanding of each section of a
chapter. Some questions ask you to recall essential facts while others exercise your
problem-solving skills. Answers to all of the questions are provided at the end of
the Student Companion. However, you do yourself a great disservice by turning to
them too soon. Don’t know the answer right away? Keep trying! Go back to the