SPAU EXAM 2 WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS 2025
What is the primary purpose of respiration? - answer Ventilation
What is ventilation? - answer The process of moving air into and out of the
airways and lungs in order to exchange oxygen entering the lungs and
carbon dioxide leaving the lungs.
What makes up the pulmonary apparatus? - answer The trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs.
What is the function of the pulmonary apparatus? - answer it is the means
whereby air containing oxygen is conducted to the lungs and transported to
all the cells of the body, and carbon dioxide is transported from the body
back to the lungs and exhaled.
What is referred to as the bronchial tree? - answer The trachea, bronchi, and
bronchioles; it consists of a branching system of hollow tubes that conduct
air to and from the lungs
What is the trachea? - answer A hollow tube (10 to 16 cm long) made up of
16 to 20 rings of cartilage (and there is smooth muscle between the
cartilages and forming the back wall of the trachea; a mucous membrane
overlies the cartilages and muscle).
What provides flexibility and support for the trachea? - answer The
combination of cartilage and smooth muscle
Why is it important for the trachea to have support? - answer The support
prevents the trachea from collapsing when negative pressures generated
during inhalation occur within it.
,What type of epithelium lines the trachea? - answer Ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
What is the function of the cilia in the trachea? - answer They pick up
particles of dust, bacteria, and viruses (held together by mucus); these
particles are expelled into the throat and are either swallowed or coughed
out. Thus, the cilia acts as a FILTERING SYSTEM to clean the air going into the
lungs.
What are the two branches the trachea splits into? - answer The primary (or
mainstem) bronchi; The right bronchus enters the right lung and the left
bronchus enters the left lung.
What do the primary bronchi divide into? - answer Secondary bronchi; the
secondary bronchi supply the lobes of the lung.
What do the secondary bronchi divide into? - answer Tertiary bronchi; Tertiary
bronchi go into the small segments of the lungs.
What do the tertiary bronchi divide into? - answer Bronchioles (which then go
into terminal bronchioles and then respiratory bronchioles).
How many total subdivisions does the bronchial tree contain? - answer 20-28
What do the respiratory bronchioles open into - answer Alveolar ducts (which
lead to alveoli)
What is an alveolus? - answer A microscopic, thin-walled, air-filled structure.
What is surfactant? - answer A substance contained in alveoli that keeps the
alveoli inflated; it lowers the surface tension of their walls and prevents them
from being pulled inward during inspiration.
, What allows for the easy exchange of gases between the alveoli and the
capillaries? - answer The fact that the alveoli and capillaries are extremely
thin walled.
What allows the lungs to change their size and shape? - answer The fact that
the lungs are very porous and elastic.
True or False: The right lung is larger then the left (composed of three lobes)
and the left lung is smaller than the right (composed of only two lobes). -
answer True
What makes up the chest wall? - answer The rib cage, abdominal wall,
abdominal contents, and diaphragm.
What make up the thoracic cavity? - answer The rib cage and diaphragm
What is the function of the thoracic cavity? - answer It houses the lungs
What is the diaphragm muscle? - answer It is a muscle that forms the roof of
the abdominal cavity and the floor of the thoracic cavity; it is a large, DOME
shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing, particularly for
speech and singing.
What happens to the diaphragm muscle when it contracts? - answer It
flattens out, with the middle portion lowering; the volume of the thoracic
cavity is increased in a vertical direction, and the rib cage is raised.
What happens to the diaphragm muscle when it is relaxed? - answer The
lungs deflate.
SOLUTIONS 2025
What is the primary purpose of respiration? - answer Ventilation
What is ventilation? - answer The process of moving air into and out of the
airways and lungs in order to exchange oxygen entering the lungs and
carbon dioxide leaving the lungs.
What makes up the pulmonary apparatus? - answer The trachea, bronchi,
bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs.
What is the function of the pulmonary apparatus? - answer it is the means
whereby air containing oxygen is conducted to the lungs and transported to
all the cells of the body, and carbon dioxide is transported from the body
back to the lungs and exhaled.
What is referred to as the bronchial tree? - answer The trachea, bronchi, and
bronchioles; it consists of a branching system of hollow tubes that conduct
air to and from the lungs
What is the trachea? - answer A hollow tube (10 to 16 cm long) made up of
16 to 20 rings of cartilage (and there is smooth muscle between the
cartilages and forming the back wall of the trachea; a mucous membrane
overlies the cartilages and muscle).
What provides flexibility and support for the trachea? - answer The
combination of cartilage and smooth muscle
Why is it important for the trachea to have support? - answer The support
prevents the trachea from collapsing when negative pressures generated
during inhalation occur within it.
,What type of epithelium lines the trachea? - answer Ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
What is the function of the cilia in the trachea? - answer They pick up
particles of dust, bacteria, and viruses (held together by mucus); these
particles are expelled into the throat and are either swallowed or coughed
out. Thus, the cilia acts as a FILTERING SYSTEM to clean the air going into the
lungs.
What are the two branches the trachea splits into? - answer The primary (or
mainstem) bronchi; The right bronchus enters the right lung and the left
bronchus enters the left lung.
What do the primary bronchi divide into? - answer Secondary bronchi; the
secondary bronchi supply the lobes of the lung.
What do the secondary bronchi divide into? - answer Tertiary bronchi; Tertiary
bronchi go into the small segments of the lungs.
What do the tertiary bronchi divide into? - answer Bronchioles (which then go
into terminal bronchioles and then respiratory bronchioles).
How many total subdivisions does the bronchial tree contain? - answer 20-28
What do the respiratory bronchioles open into - answer Alveolar ducts (which
lead to alveoli)
What is an alveolus? - answer A microscopic, thin-walled, air-filled structure.
What is surfactant? - answer A substance contained in alveoli that keeps the
alveoli inflated; it lowers the surface tension of their walls and prevents them
from being pulled inward during inspiration.
, What allows for the easy exchange of gases between the alveoli and the
capillaries? - answer The fact that the alveoli and capillaries are extremely
thin walled.
What allows the lungs to change their size and shape? - answer The fact that
the lungs are very porous and elastic.
True or False: The right lung is larger then the left (composed of three lobes)
and the left lung is smaller than the right (composed of only two lobes). -
answer True
What makes up the chest wall? - answer The rib cage, abdominal wall,
abdominal contents, and diaphragm.
What make up the thoracic cavity? - answer The rib cage and diaphragm
What is the function of the thoracic cavity? - answer It houses the lungs
What is the diaphragm muscle? - answer It is a muscle that forms the roof of
the abdominal cavity and the floor of the thoracic cavity; it is a large, DOME
shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing, particularly for
speech and singing.
What happens to the diaphragm muscle when it contracts? - answer It
flattens out, with the middle portion lowering; the volume of the thoracic
cavity is increased in a vertical direction, and the rib cage is raised.
What happens to the diaphragm muscle when it is relaxed? - answer The
lungs deflate.
