N388 Final Exam | N388 - "Health Assessment and
Foundations for Nursing Practice Across the Lifespan" @
Duke University School of Nursing w/ Dr Phillips and Dr
Ashton, 2025 Questions With Complete Solutions
"where" of specimen collection Correct Answers · think about
where you are getting specimen from→ from bloodstream?
Venous test? Urine test? Fecal test? Sputum (cough up mucous),
etc.
· where does it go:
- point of care testing→ getting lab results right on the unit (ex.
Blood glucose)
- checking for urine specific gravity→ point of care test
- blood or urine tests can be sent to a lab and
"Who and what" of specimen collection Correct Answers -
make sure we get the right patient (make sure the order is right
and to the right person)
- educate the patient on what they need to know (some may not
want to know a lot of detail but others want to know about the
purpose, process, findings, when they find out, and what the
next steps are)
10 rights of med administration Correct Answers medication,
patient, dose, time, route, documentation, education, assessment,
evaluation, right to refuse
a nurse should be thinking about what the reasons for a
specimen collection are. if you can't justify why pt is getting it,
then ask provider about it Correct Answers -is there a change
in patient status that we are checking to see if things are stable,
,have we done some sort of treatment or procedure that we need
to follow through with, why everything is ordered for this
patient (need things to make sense or question it)
-what are we looking for
-does it make sense for this patient
ABCs to decided priority Correct Answers A: Airway - Patent?
B: Breathing - Are they breathing well? Impaired gas exchange,
dyspnea, RR? spO2?
C: Circulation - Good signs of perfusion? Pulses? Cyanotic?
Life threatening bleeding? BP? Fluid volume concerns
(diarrhea)
abdomen in pediatric assessment Correct Answers Round in
infants and toddlers
May be able to palpate stool in colon
Hernias are common→ weaknesses in the musculature
Relaxation is key→ need them to tolerate us doing palpation
abnormal location of meatus may influence Correct Answers
Whether or not the infant (male) can be circumsised or not
(Example if its located under the penis rather than on the tip of
the penis)
abnormalities of pupil Correct Answers • Unequal pupil size→
anisocoria, acute change = medical emergency
• Dilated and fixed pupils→ mydriasis
• Constricted and fixed pupils→ miosis
• ptosis - one eyelid drooping more than the other
abrasion Correct Answers scrape on the skin
,AC Correct Answers before meals
admin of ophthalmic drugs Correct Answers Use gloves
Drops:
-Use non-dominant hand to gently pull down/ open the lower
conjunctival sac -dispense drop(s) with dominant hand.
Ointment:
Start application at inner canthus and move outward, end at
lateral canthus
Adequate lighting
-DO NOT allow applicator to touch eye!
-apply light pressure on nasolacrimal duct to ↓syst. absorption
Airborne precautions Correct Answers - Methods of infection
control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be
infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
- particles that are expelled that are very small in size that are
carried on air currents away from the patient and they actually
infect someone not in the patient's room or giving care to the
patient; think about things like bacteria that causes TB or small
pox
- Patient must be in negative air flow room (door remains
closed)
- PPE: N95 (donned prior to room entry) (doff AFTER exiting
room)
- Pt wears surgical mask if being transported out of room
alternative types of nutrition Correct Answers Assisting with
oral feeding
Enteral feedings
, Nasogastric tube
Gastrostomy tube
Jejunostomy tube
Parenteral Nutrition
Via central IV
Anthropometric measures for infants and babies Correct
Answers - Weight: make sure they don't roll of the scale, no
clothing or diaper, if they're old enough they can stand
- height / length: lay flat, mark where head and feet are, measure
between the two tic marks. if they're old enough to stand that's
okay too
- head circumference: measure this from birth to the first 3 years
of life, prominent part of occiput and above eyebrows, measure
3x to account for inaccuracies
- growth chart: used as a reference and monitor the child's
patterns of growth.
Application of the nursing process to a patient with a PIV
Correct Answers Assess w/ each standard assessment, before
and after using PIC site, assess the dressing site for redness
edema etc, patency (does it accept when you flush with saline)
Assess CN VII facial nerve Correct Answers frown, move
eyebrows up and down, close eyes really tightly and don't let the
nurse open them (keep eyes shut), fill cheeks up with air (gently
push on cheeks to see if they can hold it in), have them smile
and show teeth
assess CN XI spinal / accessory nerve Correct Answers gently
put hand on one side of face and have them push against hand
Foundations for Nursing Practice Across the Lifespan" @
Duke University School of Nursing w/ Dr Phillips and Dr
Ashton, 2025 Questions With Complete Solutions
"where" of specimen collection Correct Answers · think about
where you are getting specimen from→ from bloodstream?
Venous test? Urine test? Fecal test? Sputum (cough up mucous),
etc.
· where does it go:
- point of care testing→ getting lab results right on the unit (ex.
Blood glucose)
- checking for urine specific gravity→ point of care test
- blood or urine tests can be sent to a lab and
"Who and what" of specimen collection Correct Answers -
make sure we get the right patient (make sure the order is right
and to the right person)
- educate the patient on what they need to know (some may not
want to know a lot of detail but others want to know about the
purpose, process, findings, when they find out, and what the
next steps are)
10 rights of med administration Correct Answers medication,
patient, dose, time, route, documentation, education, assessment,
evaluation, right to refuse
a nurse should be thinking about what the reasons for a
specimen collection are. if you can't justify why pt is getting it,
then ask provider about it Correct Answers -is there a change
in patient status that we are checking to see if things are stable,
,have we done some sort of treatment or procedure that we need
to follow through with, why everything is ordered for this
patient (need things to make sense or question it)
-what are we looking for
-does it make sense for this patient
ABCs to decided priority Correct Answers A: Airway - Patent?
B: Breathing - Are they breathing well? Impaired gas exchange,
dyspnea, RR? spO2?
C: Circulation - Good signs of perfusion? Pulses? Cyanotic?
Life threatening bleeding? BP? Fluid volume concerns
(diarrhea)
abdomen in pediatric assessment Correct Answers Round in
infants and toddlers
May be able to palpate stool in colon
Hernias are common→ weaknesses in the musculature
Relaxation is key→ need them to tolerate us doing palpation
abnormal location of meatus may influence Correct Answers
Whether or not the infant (male) can be circumsised or not
(Example if its located under the penis rather than on the tip of
the penis)
abnormalities of pupil Correct Answers • Unequal pupil size→
anisocoria, acute change = medical emergency
• Dilated and fixed pupils→ mydriasis
• Constricted and fixed pupils→ miosis
• ptosis - one eyelid drooping more than the other
abrasion Correct Answers scrape on the skin
,AC Correct Answers before meals
admin of ophthalmic drugs Correct Answers Use gloves
Drops:
-Use non-dominant hand to gently pull down/ open the lower
conjunctival sac -dispense drop(s) with dominant hand.
Ointment:
Start application at inner canthus and move outward, end at
lateral canthus
Adequate lighting
-DO NOT allow applicator to touch eye!
-apply light pressure on nasolacrimal duct to ↓syst. absorption
Airborne precautions Correct Answers - Methods of infection
control that must be used for patients known or suspected to be
infected with pathogens transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei.
- particles that are expelled that are very small in size that are
carried on air currents away from the patient and they actually
infect someone not in the patient's room or giving care to the
patient; think about things like bacteria that causes TB or small
pox
- Patient must be in negative air flow room (door remains
closed)
- PPE: N95 (donned prior to room entry) (doff AFTER exiting
room)
- Pt wears surgical mask if being transported out of room
alternative types of nutrition Correct Answers Assisting with
oral feeding
Enteral feedings
, Nasogastric tube
Gastrostomy tube
Jejunostomy tube
Parenteral Nutrition
Via central IV
Anthropometric measures for infants and babies Correct
Answers - Weight: make sure they don't roll of the scale, no
clothing or diaper, if they're old enough they can stand
- height / length: lay flat, mark where head and feet are, measure
between the two tic marks. if they're old enough to stand that's
okay too
- head circumference: measure this from birth to the first 3 years
of life, prominent part of occiput and above eyebrows, measure
3x to account for inaccuracies
- growth chart: used as a reference and monitor the child's
patterns of growth.
Application of the nursing process to a patient with a PIV
Correct Answers Assess w/ each standard assessment, before
and after using PIC site, assess the dressing site for redness
edema etc, patency (does it accept when you flush with saline)
Assess CN VII facial nerve Correct Answers frown, move
eyebrows up and down, close eyes really tightly and don't let the
nurse open them (keep eyes shut), fill cheeks up with air (gently
push on cheeks to see if they can hold it in), have them smile
and show teeth
assess CN XI spinal / accessory nerve Correct Answers gently
put hand on one side of face and have them push against hand
