KU BIOL 240 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALREADY PASSED GRADED A+
What are bones? - Answers Rigid connective tissues that support, protect, and allow movement. They
store calcium and phosphate and contain marrow for blood cell production.
Are bones considered organs? Why? - Answers Bones are organs because they consist of multiple
tissues:
Bone tissue (osseous tissue)
Cartilage
Connective tissue
Blood vessels and nerves
What are sutural bones? - Answers Extra bones in skull sutures, sometimes associated with conditions
like Down syndrome.
what are sesamoid bones? - Answers Develop inside tendons, like the patella (kneecap), to reduce
friction.
What makes up the skeletal system? - Answers Bones (206 in adults)
Cartilage
Ligaments (connect bones to bones)
Other connective tissues
What is the function of the skeletal system? - Answers Support (Framework of the body)
Protection (Skull protects the brain, ribs protect organs)
Movement (Joints & muscles)
Hemopoiesis (Blood cell production in red marrow)
Mineral Storage (95% of calcium, 90% of phosphorus)
hyaline cartilage - Answers most cartilage in body, supports soft tissue, weakest of cartilage, fetal
skeleton, articular cartilage, nose, trachea.
elastic cartilage - Answers contains numerous elastic fibers in matrix, ear, epiglottis, very flexible.
fibrocartilage - Answers (avascular) dense collagen fibers, found in invertebral discs, pubic symphysis,
meniscus
, What is the difference between ligaments and tendons? Which one prevents and which one promotes
movement? - Answers Ligaments → Bone to bone (prevent excessive movement).
Tendons → Muscle to bone (promote movement)
osteoblasts - Answers Build bone (from mesenchyme). Secrete collagen and matrix
osteoclasts - Answers Break down bone (release acids & enzymes). Are modified WBC.
osteocytes - Answers Mature bone cells, maintain bone health.
long bones - Answers more common, help with movement (e.g., femur, humerus)
short bones - Answers Stability (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
flat bones - Answers Protection and extensive surface for muscle attachment (e.g., skull, ribs).
irregular bones - Answers Unique shapes (e.g., vertebrae, pelvis).
projections - Answers Muscle attachment (e.g., crest, spine).
articulations - Answers Joint connections (e.g., head, condyle).
depression/cavities - Answers Passage for nerves and vessels (e.g., foramen, fossa).
gross anatomy of a long bone - Answers Diaphysis → Shaft.
Epiphysis → Ends.
Metaphysis → Growth plate region.
Medullary Cavity → Contains marrow.
Periosteum → Outer covering.
Endosteum → Inner lining.
red bone marrow - Answers Makes blood cells (found in child bones & adult flat bones)
yellow bone marrow - Answers Stores fat (found in adult long bones).
spongy bone - Answers Porous, found in epiphyses (lightens bone, contains marrow).
compact bone - Answers Dense, found in diaphysis (strength).
ossification - Answers Bone formation process.
endochondral ossification - Answers Bone forms from hyaline cartilage (most bones).
intramembranous ossification - Answers Bone forms from mesenchyme (skull, clavicle).
What are bones? - Answers Rigid connective tissues that support, protect, and allow movement. They
store calcium and phosphate and contain marrow for blood cell production.
Are bones considered organs? Why? - Answers Bones are organs because they consist of multiple
tissues:
Bone tissue (osseous tissue)
Cartilage
Connective tissue
Blood vessels and nerves
What are sutural bones? - Answers Extra bones in skull sutures, sometimes associated with conditions
like Down syndrome.
what are sesamoid bones? - Answers Develop inside tendons, like the patella (kneecap), to reduce
friction.
What makes up the skeletal system? - Answers Bones (206 in adults)
Cartilage
Ligaments (connect bones to bones)
Other connective tissues
What is the function of the skeletal system? - Answers Support (Framework of the body)
Protection (Skull protects the brain, ribs protect organs)
Movement (Joints & muscles)
Hemopoiesis (Blood cell production in red marrow)
Mineral Storage (95% of calcium, 90% of phosphorus)
hyaline cartilage - Answers most cartilage in body, supports soft tissue, weakest of cartilage, fetal
skeleton, articular cartilage, nose, trachea.
elastic cartilage - Answers contains numerous elastic fibers in matrix, ear, epiglottis, very flexible.
fibrocartilage - Answers (avascular) dense collagen fibers, found in invertebral discs, pubic symphysis,
meniscus
, What is the difference between ligaments and tendons? Which one prevents and which one promotes
movement? - Answers Ligaments → Bone to bone (prevent excessive movement).
Tendons → Muscle to bone (promote movement)
osteoblasts - Answers Build bone (from mesenchyme). Secrete collagen and matrix
osteoclasts - Answers Break down bone (release acids & enzymes). Are modified WBC.
osteocytes - Answers Mature bone cells, maintain bone health.
long bones - Answers more common, help with movement (e.g., femur, humerus)
short bones - Answers Stability (e.g., carpals, tarsals).
flat bones - Answers Protection and extensive surface for muscle attachment (e.g., skull, ribs).
irregular bones - Answers Unique shapes (e.g., vertebrae, pelvis).
projections - Answers Muscle attachment (e.g., crest, spine).
articulations - Answers Joint connections (e.g., head, condyle).
depression/cavities - Answers Passage for nerves and vessels (e.g., foramen, fossa).
gross anatomy of a long bone - Answers Diaphysis → Shaft.
Epiphysis → Ends.
Metaphysis → Growth plate region.
Medullary Cavity → Contains marrow.
Periosteum → Outer covering.
Endosteum → Inner lining.
red bone marrow - Answers Makes blood cells (found in child bones & adult flat bones)
yellow bone marrow - Answers Stores fat (found in adult long bones).
spongy bone - Answers Porous, found in epiphyses (lightens bone, contains marrow).
compact bone - Answers Dense, found in diaphysis (strength).
ossification - Answers Bone formation process.
endochondral ossification - Answers Bone forms from hyaline cartilage (most bones).
intramembranous ossification - Answers Bone forms from mesenchyme (skull, clavicle).
