Nurs 350: fluid and electrolytes UPDATED
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Fluids and electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWER -
fluid and electrolyte balance - CORRECT ANSWER - -necessary for homeostasis
-proper body functioning
-survival
fluids - CORRECT ANSWER - -mainly water
-provide transport for vital substances to and from cells (proteins, hormones, glucose, e-lytes)
-amt of fluids and e-lytes kept in narrow limits of normal
-water content varies with age, gender, fat content
why are older adults more at risk for fluid imbalances? - CORRECT ANSWER - -they
have less body water
intracellular fluid (ICF) - CORRECT ANSWER - -inside the cell
-2/3 of the fluid is there
extracellular fluid (ECF) - CORRECT ANSWER - -outside the cell
-1/3 of the fluid is there
-intravascular: inside of a vessel or vascular space (plasma)
-interstitial: within the tissue
-transcellular: tiny amt of fluid in special cavitites (GI, CSF, pleural, pericardial)
, pleural cavity - CORRECT ANSWER - -surrounds the lungs so they can move smoothly
inside the cavity (lubrication)
-10 ml, no more than 30 ml
pericardial sac - CORRECT ANSWER - -surrounds heart
-same as pleural cavity b/c its for lubrication purposes
fluid compartments of body - CORRECT ANSWER - -ECF= 20%, 1/3
-ICF= 40%, 2/3
-plasma= 3 L
-interstitial fluid= 10 L
-intracellular fluid= 28 L
-40% solids
hydrostatic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - -in BV it's the blood pressure generated by
heart contraction
-it's a force within fluid compartment
-at the capillary level hydrostatic pressure is the major force that pushes water out of the vascular
system and into the interstitial space
oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - -caused by plasma proteins (colloids) in
solution- that's why it's also called colloidal osmotic pressure
-plasma protein molecules attract water, pulling fluid from tissue space to vascular space
(magnet- opposite of hydrostatic pressure)
if there are changes in capillary or interstitial pressures... - CORRECT ANSWER - -fluid
may shift abnormally from one compartment to another resulting in edema or dehydration
e-lytes carry electrical charge: cations (+) - CORRECT ANSWER - -sodium (Na+)
-Potassium (K+)
ACTUAL Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Fluids and electrolytes - CORRECT ANSWER -
fluid and electrolyte balance - CORRECT ANSWER - -necessary for homeostasis
-proper body functioning
-survival
fluids - CORRECT ANSWER - -mainly water
-provide transport for vital substances to and from cells (proteins, hormones, glucose, e-lytes)
-amt of fluids and e-lytes kept in narrow limits of normal
-water content varies with age, gender, fat content
why are older adults more at risk for fluid imbalances? - CORRECT ANSWER - -they
have less body water
intracellular fluid (ICF) - CORRECT ANSWER - -inside the cell
-2/3 of the fluid is there
extracellular fluid (ECF) - CORRECT ANSWER - -outside the cell
-1/3 of the fluid is there
-intravascular: inside of a vessel or vascular space (plasma)
-interstitial: within the tissue
-transcellular: tiny amt of fluid in special cavitites (GI, CSF, pleural, pericardial)
, pleural cavity - CORRECT ANSWER - -surrounds the lungs so they can move smoothly
inside the cavity (lubrication)
-10 ml, no more than 30 ml
pericardial sac - CORRECT ANSWER - -surrounds heart
-same as pleural cavity b/c its for lubrication purposes
fluid compartments of body - CORRECT ANSWER - -ECF= 20%, 1/3
-ICF= 40%, 2/3
-plasma= 3 L
-interstitial fluid= 10 L
-intracellular fluid= 28 L
-40% solids
hydrostatic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - -in BV it's the blood pressure generated by
heart contraction
-it's a force within fluid compartment
-at the capillary level hydrostatic pressure is the major force that pushes water out of the vascular
system and into the interstitial space
oncotic pressure - CORRECT ANSWER - -caused by plasma proteins (colloids) in
solution- that's why it's also called colloidal osmotic pressure
-plasma protein molecules attract water, pulling fluid from tissue space to vascular space
(magnet- opposite of hydrostatic pressure)
if there are changes in capillary or interstitial pressures... - CORRECT ANSWER - -fluid
may shift abnormally from one compartment to another resulting in edema or dehydration
e-lytes carry electrical charge: cations (+) - CORRECT ANSWER - -sodium (Na+)
-Potassium (K+)
