Renaissance (1500-1700) Industrial revolution (1700-1900) 20th Century to Present
Factor Enabled change Hindered change
Science ● Dissection, anatomy, ● iatrochemistry (could poison
iatrochemistry people)
● Vaccine, Germ Theory ● Jenner couldn’t prove his work -
● Penicillin, DNA, Diagnosis Smallpox vaccine
● Magic bullets not very effective
Technology ● Printing press, microscopes ● microscopes too weak (Harvey
(Germ Theory) couldn’t prove capillaries)
● Diagnosis, hi-tech treatment ● no electron microscopes
(Jenner couldn’t prove)
Religion ● published medical work, run ● no one could discredit Galen’s
hospitals (clean) work, no dissection, control
● Humanism moved away from education, care not cure
Galen, encourages rationality ● Anti-Vaccine society 1860
War ● Franco-Prussian War sped up ● takes doctors away from
Jenner and Koch’s work medicine and scientists away
(vaccines), Crimean War for from development
Nightingale
● WW1 and WW2 sped up need
for treatment e.g. Blood banks
and transfusions, portable x-ray
machines, penicillin
Government ● Nightingale, Public Health Acts ● Laissez-faire attitude
1848/1875, Smallpox vaccine ● Laissez-faire attitude (at
mandatory 1852 beginning of period), Public
● Clean Air Acts 1956/68, Health Act 1848 not enforced
Change4Life, 5-a-day,
● US Govt. for mass production
of penicillin
Communication ● Royal Society, Vesalius and ● some people didn’t publish their
Harvey had work published work
● Notes on Nursing, Germ Theory
Individual Genius ● Harvey, Vesalius, Paré
● Nightingale, Koch, Pasteur,
Simpson, Lister, Jenner, John
Snow, Edwin Chadwick
● Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins,
Ehrlich, Domagk, Florey, Chain,
Fleming, Beveridge
Chance ● Chicken Cholera vaccine
(Pasteur)
● Discovery of Penicillin
(Flemming)
Factor Enabled change Hindered change
Science ● Dissection, anatomy, ● iatrochemistry (could poison
iatrochemistry people)
● Vaccine, Germ Theory ● Jenner couldn’t prove his work -
● Penicillin, DNA, Diagnosis Smallpox vaccine
● Magic bullets not very effective
Technology ● Printing press, microscopes ● microscopes too weak (Harvey
(Germ Theory) couldn’t prove capillaries)
● Diagnosis, hi-tech treatment ● no electron microscopes
(Jenner couldn’t prove)
Religion ● published medical work, run ● no one could discredit Galen’s
hospitals (clean) work, no dissection, control
● Humanism moved away from education, care not cure
Galen, encourages rationality ● Anti-Vaccine society 1860
War ● Franco-Prussian War sped up ● takes doctors away from
Jenner and Koch’s work medicine and scientists away
(vaccines), Crimean War for from development
Nightingale
● WW1 and WW2 sped up need
for treatment e.g. Blood banks
and transfusions, portable x-ray
machines, penicillin
Government ● Nightingale, Public Health Acts ● Laissez-faire attitude
1848/1875, Smallpox vaccine ● Laissez-faire attitude (at
mandatory 1852 beginning of period), Public
● Clean Air Acts 1956/68, Health Act 1848 not enforced
Change4Life, 5-a-day,
● US Govt. for mass production
of penicillin
Communication ● Royal Society, Vesalius and ● some people didn’t publish their
Harvey had work published work
● Notes on Nursing, Germ Theory
Individual Genius ● Harvey, Vesalius, Paré
● Nightingale, Koch, Pasteur,
Simpson, Lister, Jenner, John
Snow, Edwin Chadwick
● Watson, Crick, Franklin, Wilkins,
Ehrlich, Domagk, Florey, Chain,
Fleming, Beveridge
Chance ● Chicken Cholera vaccine
(Pasteur)
● Discovery of Penicillin
(Flemming)
