CLC EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
Example of Protection
State, local and national laws on breastfeeding in public Focuses on
governmental, manufacturer and social responsibility to assure breasting's
ability to compete with commercial interests.
Includes addressing improper marketing practices described in the
International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.
The code prohibits the distribution of free formula (including discharge
packs).
The Academy advises pediatricians not to provide formula, company gift
bags, coupons and industry-authored handouts to the parents of newborns
in office and clinic settings.
-includes state, local and national laws regarding breastfeeding.
International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. (7)
Restricts formula marketing practices-
A variety of community expertise is needed to promote, protect and support
breastfeeding.
-No advertising of breast substitutes, teats or dummies to the public or
promotion of unsuitable products of babies
- No contact between company marketing personnel and mothers/parents
-no gifts or personal sample to health workers
-no free samples or supplies to mothers
-only scientific and factual information be provided by companies of health
professionals
-All information on artificial feeding including labels, explain the before of
breastfeeding's and the costs and hazards of artificial formula
Example of Support
Focuses on the interaction of helpers with family as well as program
development and implementation.
La Leche League Leader
Example of Promotion
Focuses on advantages of breastfeeding (BF) on a personal, community,
state or global level. -advertising-Breastfeeding costs less
Montgomery Glands (3)
,-Tubercles produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin oil).-Secrete
lubricating fluid on areola-Small tuberculosis in the Areopagus of the breast
that contain both sebaceous and mammary lobes. These glands become
more marked in pregnancy and secrete a fluid that lubricates the nipple
area.
Paracellular Pathway
(Elevated prolactin levels close it.)
In the first days after birth (and in mother with low prolactin levels). the milk
cells have spaced in between them for ___________ transport.
As prolactin levels increase and cells plump up the space between the cells
shrink closing off the _________ __________. Substances then have to go
through the milk cells to enter the milk . (this is called the transcellular
pathway
transcellular pathway
transcellular pathway
As prolactin levels increase and cells plump up the space between the cells
shrink closing off the paracellular pathway. Substances then have to go
through the milk cells to enter the milk . (this is called the
Cochrane Collaboration
Conducts systematic reviews-Highest level of evidence: meta-analysis and
systematic reviews (such as Cochrane Collaboration and the Joanna
Briggs Institute for Evidence).
Lactiferous Sinus
Not actually there-Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals no
lactiferous sinus
Colostrum (3)
-Newborn Milk-Produced by hormones of pregnancy
-The first milk, produced in the breasts by the 7th month of pregnancy.
-Thick, sticky and clear to yellowish in color, is high in protein and vitamin
A; and causes a laxative effect, thus helping the baby to pass meconium.
Immunoglobulins (mostly IgA) in colostrum provide an anti-infective
protection to the baby.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) (3)
-GI hormone that causes fullness/sedation
-Gastrin and ______ promote glucose induced insulin release and exert
tropic (growth promoting) effects in the gut.
- induces satiety (fullness), postprandial sedation and sleep.
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)
No food or drink other than human milk.
-The feeding of mother's milk as an infant's only food source.
, The WHO 2008 indicates babies included in this category may also be
receiving oral rehydration solution, vitamins and minerals, and/or other oral
medications, but may not receive any other foods or fluids.
mechanisms by which exclusive breastfeeding protects babies for
diarrhea (5)
1. pH of the gut lower, meaning more acidic. By 6 weeks gut bacterial
colonies (microbiome) of mixed fed babies are similar to those of
exclusively formula fed babies
2. low iron in the gut so unhelpful organisms cant multiply
3. presence of Bifidus factor promotes growth of friendly bacteria
(lactobacillus Bifidus) that maintains low gut ph and crowd out pathogenic
organisms. Formula fed infants have an overrepresentation of Clostridium
difficile in their guts.
4. hormones and growth factors that stimulate the growth development,
and motility of the guts such as GI hormones, prolactin, epidermal growth
factor, and prostaglandins
5. Antibodies such as Secretory IGA which bind to microbes in the
digestive tract and prevent them form being absorbed.
Hindmilk (3)
-The last part of a feeding.-The milk expressed from the breast toward the
end of a feed.-hindmilk is not always dramatically higher in fat
Myoepithelial cells (3)
-Muscle cells around the alveolus
-Smooth muscle cells encircle the alveoli and ducts of the breast. The
contraction of these cells causes the outward flow of milk.
-The alveolar cells are surrounded by myoepithelial cells and the capillary
network.
Interbout Interval
Period when baby is not at breast
Baby Hand Massage
Oxytocin releasing mechanism
________ ______ ______ of the breast (each movement releases
oxytocin)
Receptor Site
Cellular "lock" for a chemical "key"
Hyperinsulinemia (7)
-Associated with obesity in formula-fed infants
-production of insulin that doe not move into the cells
- receptor sites on cells seem to be blocked - by fat? so the functions of
insulin to move glucose out to the cells cant occur efficiently
SOLUTION
Example of Protection
State, local and national laws on breastfeeding in public Focuses on
governmental, manufacturer and social responsibility to assure breasting's
ability to compete with commercial interests.
Includes addressing improper marketing practices described in the
International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes.
The code prohibits the distribution of free formula (including discharge
packs).
The Academy advises pediatricians not to provide formula, company gift
bags, coupons and industry-authored handouts to the parents of newborns
in office and clinic settings.
-includes state, local and national laws regarding breastfeeding.
International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes. (7)
Restricts formula marketing practices-
A variety of community expertise is needed to promote, protect and support
breastfeeding.
-No advertising of breast substitutes, teats or dummies to the public or
promotion of unsuitable products of babies
- No contact between company marketing personnel and mothers/parents
-no gifts or personal sample to health workers
-no free samples or supplies to mothers
-only scientific and factual information be provided by companies of health
professionals
-All information on artificial feeding including labels, explain the before of
breastfeeding's and the costs and hazards of artificial formula
Example of Support
Focuses on the interaction of helpers with family as well as program
development and implementation.
La Leche League Leader
Example of Promotion
Focuses on advantages of breastfeeding (BF) on a personal, community,
state or global level. -advertising-Breastfeeding costs less
Montgomery Glands (3)
,-Tubercles produce a unique blend of milk and sebum (skin oil).-Secrete
lubricating fluid on areola-Small tuberculosis in the Areopagus of the breast
that contain both sebaceous and mammary lobes. These glands become
more marked in pregnancy and secrete a fluid that lubricates the nipple
area.
Paracellular Pathway
(Elevated prolactin levels close it.)
In the first days after birth (and in mother with low prolactin levels). the milk
cells have spaced in between them for ___________ transport.
As prolactin levels increase and cells plump up the space between the cells
shrink closing off the _________ __________. Substances then have to go
through the milk cells to enter the milk . (this is called the transcellular
pathway
transcellular pathway
transcellular pathway
As prolactin levels increase and cells plump up the space between the cells
shrink closing off the paracellular pathway. Substances then have to go
through the milk cells to enter the milk . (this is called the
Cochrane Collaboration
Conducts systematic reviews-Highest level of evidence: meta-analysis and
systematic reviews (such as Cochrane Collaboration and the Joanna
Briggs Institute for Evidence).
Lactiferous Sinus
Not actually there-Modern study of the structure of the breast reveals no
lactiferous sinus
Colostrum (3)
-Newborn Milk-Produced by hormones of pregnancy
-The first milk, produced in the breasts by the 7th month of pregnancy.
-Thick, sticky and clear to yellowish in color, is high in protein and vitamin
A; and causes a laxative effect, thus helping the baby to pass meconium.
Immunoglobulins (mostly IgA) in colostrum provide an anti-infective
protection to the baby.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) (3)
-GI hormone that causes fullness/sedation
-Gastrin and ______ promote glucose induced insulin release and exert
tropic (growth promoting) effects in the gut.
- induces satiety (fullness), postprandial sedation and sleep.
Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF)
No food or drink other than human milk.
-The feeding of mother's milk as an infant's only food source.
, The WHO 2008 indicates babies included in this category may also be
receiving oral rehydration solution, vitamins and minerals, and/or other oral
medications, but may not receive any other foods or fluids.
mechanisms by which exclusive breastfeeding protects babies for
diarrhea (5)
1. pH of the gut lower, meaning more acidic. By 6 weeks gut bacterial
colonies (microbiome) of mixed fed babies are similar to those of
exclusively formula fed babies
2. low iron in the gut so unhelpful organisms cant multiply
3. presence of Bifidus factor promotes growth of friendly bacteria
(lactobacillus Bifidus) that maintains low gut ph and crowd out pathogenic
organisms. Formula fed infants have an overrepresentation of Clostridium
difficile in their guts.
4. hormones and growth factors that stimulate the growth development,
and motility of the guts such as GI hormones, prolactin, epidermal growth
factor, and prostaglandins
5. Antibodies such as Secretory IGA which bind to microbes in the
digestive tract and prevent them form being absorbed.
Hindmilk (3)
-The last part of a feeding.-The milk expressed from the breast toward the
end of a feed.-hindmilk is not always dramatically higher in fat
Myoepithelial cells (3)
-Muscle cells around the alveolus
-Smooth muscle cells encircle the alveoli and ducts of the breast. The
contraction of these cells causes the outward flow of milk.
-The alveolar cells are surrounded by myoepithelial cells and the capillary
network.
Interbout Interval
Period when baby is not at breast
Baby Hand Massage
Oxytocin releasing mechanism
________ ______ ______ of the breast (each movement releases
oxytocin)
Receptor Site
Cellular "lock" for a chemical "key"
Hyperinsulinemia (7)
-Associated with obesity in formula-fed infants
-production of insulin that doe not move into the cells
- receptor sites on cells seem to be blocked - by fat? so the functions of
insulin to move glucose out to the cells cant occur efficiently
