CORRECTIONS IN AMERICA EXAM #1
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Affirm - Answer-Appeal court's decisions that due process have not been violated by
the government
John Augustus - Answer-"parent of probation"
Key Role of Probation - Answer-Supervision & Surveillance
ORAS - Answer-Ohio instrument used to determine probability of recidivism
Gognon Vs. Scarpelli - Answer-Supreme court ruling stating that probation is a right,
but once on probation, one is personally vested and must be notified in accordance
with the law; established due process for revocation
misdemeanor - Answer-less serious offense generally punishable up to a year in jail
or detention facility
felony - Answer-more serious offense punishable by prison incarceration or death
Causes of Restructuring period - Answer-prison uprisings due to discontent; abuse
of discretion; court order & decisions rehabilitation- nothing works; sentencing
disparity; political fighting
Due Process - Answer-14 amend. legal requirement that constitutional rights of
accused and correctional clients will conform to guaranteed; constitutional protection
minimum
Gideon Vs. Wainwright - Answer-Supreme court ruled that everyone has a right to
council
Reverse - Answer-Appeal court's order to cease acting, operating or arranging in a
matter contrary to the usual
Broken Window Probation - Answer-Concept that probation officer is asked to
communicate with victims and the community, hold the offender accountable and
improve leadership of probation
Proactive Supervision - Answer-Treatment strategy serving to prepare for, intervene
in, or control an expected occurrence or situation by offenders on probation
especially negative or difficult ones
Industrial Prison - Answer-penal institute whose main objective was to use inmate
labor to produce marketable goods for prison profit; deemed necessary to create
profit due to cost of incarceration
, Howes Cooper Act - Answer-Required prison products to be subject to state laws it
is shipped to
Ashurst Summers Act - Answer-federal litigation requiring "truth in manufacturing"
requirement that the package be clearly marked - made in prison
Ombudsman - Answer-Correctional overseer who investigates reported complains
from inmates, prison personnel and prison staff, reports findings and helps achieve
equitable settlements
Retribution - Answer-Getting even with offender who has violated rights of others
"social revenge" getting even with offender
Deterrence - Answer-extent of crime by incapacitation, threat of punishment,
announced criminal sanctions
Front end solution - Answer-option for controlling the number of inmates being sent
to prison
Back-end solution - Answer-strategies for reducing prison population overcrowding
by early release programs
Diversion - Answer-minimizing penetration into the criminal justice system through
police, community, or court programs; can occur at numerous points of justice
system including prior to police contact prior to police processing and prior to court
processing
4 Factors for Prison Overcrowding - Answer-higher population at risk individuals;
shift to conservative beliefs; war on drugs; more stringent punishment
Intermediate sanctions - Answer-correctional programs that fall between probation
and prison
Drug Courts - Answer-Problem solving courts that require drug offenders to
participate in court mandated treatment programs; offers possibility of reduced
sentence or dismissed charges; can be diverted any time; cost effective and reduces
recidivism
Home Detention - Answer-Sentence where offenders serve at least some of the
sentence in their own domicile
Electronic Monitoring - Answer-proposed as electronic parole; community
supervision technique that uses electronic devices to maintain survellience; high rate
of success; low technical violations
Shock Probation - Answer-created in Ohio to allow judges to send someone to
prison for a short time
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Affirm - Answer-Appeal court's decisions that due process have not been violated by
the government
John Augustus - Answer-"parent of probation"
Key Role of Probation - Answer-Supervision & Surveillance
ORAS - Answer-Ohio instrument used to determine probability of recidivism
Gognon Vs. Scarpelli - Answer-Supreme court ruling stating that probation is a right,
but once on probation, one is personally vested and must be notified in accordance
with the law; established due process for revocation
misdemeanor - Answer-less serious offense generally punishable up to a year in jail
or detention facility
felony - Answer-more serious offense punishable by prison incarceration or death
Causes of Restructuring period - Answer-prison uprisings due to discontent; abuse
of discretion; court order & decisions rehabilitation- nothing works; sentencing
disparity; political fighting
Due Process - Answer-14 amend. legal requirement that constitutional rights of
accused and correctional clients will conform to guaranteed; constitutional protection
minimum
Gideon Vs. Wainwright - Answer-Supreme court ruled that everyone has a right to
council
Reverse - Answer-Appeal court's order to cease acting, operating or arranging in a
matter contrary to the usual
Broken Window Probation - Answer-Concept that probation officer is asked to
communicate with victims and the community, hold the offender accountable and
improve leadership of probation
Proactive Supervision - Answer-Treatment strategy serving to prepare for, intervene
in, or control an expected occurrence or situation by offenders on probation
especially negative or difficult ones
Industrial Prison - Answer-penal institute whose main objective was to use inmate
labor to produce marketable goods for prison profit; deemed necessary to create
profit due to cost of incarceration
, Howes Cooper Act - Answer-Required prison products to be subject to state laws it
is shipped to
Ashurst Summers Act - Answer-federal litigation requiring "truth in manufacturing"
requirement that the package be clearly marked - made in prison
Ombudsman - Answer-Correctional overseer who investigates reported complains
from inmates, prison personnel and prison staff, reports findings and helps achieve
equitable settlements
Retribution - Answer-Getting even with offender who has violated rights of others
"social revenge" getting even with offender
Deterrence - Answer-extent of crime by incapacitation, threat of punishment,
announced criminal sanctions
Front end solution - Answer-option for controlling the number of inmates being sent
to prison
Back-end solution - Answer-strategies for reducing prison population overcrowding
by early release programs
Diversion - Answer-minimizing penetration into the criminal justice system through
police, community, or court programs; can occur at numerous points of justice
system including prior to police contact prior to police processing and prior to court
processing
4 Factors for Prison Overcrowding - Answer-higher population at risk individuals;
shift to conservative beliefs; war on drugs; more stringent punishment
Intermediate sanctions - Answer-correctional programs that fall between probation
and prison
Drug Courts - Answer-Problem solving courts that require drug offenders to
participate in court mandated treatment programs; offers possibility of reduced
sentence or dismissed charges; can be diverted any time; cost effective and reduces
recidivism
Home Detention - Answer-Sentence where offenders serve at least some of the
sentence in their own domicile
Electronic Monitoring - Answer-proposed as electronic parole; community
supervision technique that uses electronic devices to maintain survellience; high rate
of success; low technical violations
Shock Probation - Answer-created in Ohio to allow judges to send someone to
prison for a short time
