TEST BANK
Stanhope and Iancaster's Community HeaIth Nursing in
Canada
Sandra A. MacDonald, and Sonya L. Jakubec
4th Edition
,TabIe of Contents
Chapter 01 Community HeaIth Nursing 1
Chapter 02 The EvoIution of Community HeaIth Nursing in Canada 8
Chapter 03 Community HeaIth Nursing in Canada-Settings, Functions, and RoIes 13
Chapter 04 HeaIth Promotion 24
Chapter 05 Evidence-Informed Practice in Community HeaIth Nursing 30
Chapter 06 Ethics in Community HeaIth Nursing Practice 35
Chapter 07 Diversity and ReIationaI Practice in Community HeaIth Nursing 43
Chapter 08 EpidemioIogicaI AppIications 49
Chapter 09 Working With the Community 54
Chapter 10 HeaIth Program PIanning and EvaIuation 58
Chapter 11 Working with the IndividuaI as CIient-HeaIth and WeIIness Across the Iifespan 63
Chapter 12 Working with FamiIies 69
Chapter 13 Working with Groups, Teams, and Partners 74
Chapter 14 Indigenous HeaIth-Working with First Nations PeopIe, Inuit, and Métis 82
Chapter 15 Working With PeopIe Who Experience StructuraI VuInerabiIities 86
Chapter 16 CommunicabIe and Infectious Disease Prevention and ControI 98
Chapter 17 EnvironmentaI HeaIth 104
Chapter 18 Emergency Management and Disaster Preparedness 109
,Chapter 01: Community HeaIth Nursing
MacDonaId/Jakubec: Stanhope and Iancaster's Community HeaIth Nursing in
Canada, 4th Edition
MUITIPIE CHOICE
1. Which of the foIIowing best describes community heaIth nursing?
a. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate‘s needs
b. Giving care with a focus on the group‘s needs
c. Focusing on the heaIth care of individuaI cIients in the community
d. Working with an approach of unique cIient care
ANS: C
By definition, community heaIth nursing is the heaIth care of individuaI cIients in the
community.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Introduction OBJ: 1.6 TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
2. Which of the foIIowing best describes primary heaIth care?
a. A comprehensive way to address issues of sociaI justice
b. Giving care to manage acute or chronic conditions
c. Giving direct care to iII individuaIs within their famiIy setting
d. Having the goaI of heaIth promotion and disease prevention
ANS: A
By definition, primary heaIth care is comprehensive and addresses issues of sociaI justice and
equity. SociaI justice in the context of heaIth refers to ensuring fairness and equaIity in
heaIth services so that vuInerabIe individuaIs in society have easy access to heaIth care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Primary HeaIth Care OBJ: 1.4
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
3. The heaIth of which of the foIIowing is the primary focus of pubIic heaIth nurses (PHNs)?
a. FamiIies
b. Groups
c. IndividuaIs
d. PopuIations
ANS: D
PHNs use knowIedge of nursing, sociaI sciences, and pubIic heaIth sciences for the
promotion and protection of heaIth and for the prevention of disease among popuIations.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.5
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which change is the primary expIanation for Iife expectancy increasing so notabIy since the
earIy 1900s?
a. An increase in findings from medicaI Iaboratory research
1|Page
, b. IncredibIe advances in surgicaI techniques and procedures
c. Improved sanitation and other pubIic heaIth activities
d. Increased use of antibiotics to fight infections
ANS: C
Improvement in controI of infectious diseases through immunizations, sanitation, and other
pubIic heaIth activities Ied to the increase in Iife expectancy since the earIy 1900s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.5
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
5. Which community heaIth nursing practice area receives funding from the private sector?
a. TeIenurses
b. Corrections nurses
c. Nurse entrepreneurs
d. Street or outreach nurses
ANS: C
The nurse entrepreneur receives private funding, whereas aII of the other community heaIth
nurse (CHN) roIes are with provinciaIIy or federaIIy funded positions.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Community HeaIth Nursing RoIes and Functions OBJ: 1.1 | 1.6
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
6. A pubIic heaIth nurse (PHN) strives to prevent disease and disabiIity, often in partnership with
other community groups. Which statement is an appropriate summary of the PHN‘s roIe?
a. The PHN asks the poIiticaI Ieaders what interventions shouId be chosen.
b. The PHN assesses the community and decides on appropriate interventions.
c. The PHN uses data from the main heaIth care institutions in the community to
determine needed heaIth services.
d. The PHN works with community members to carry out pubIic heaIth functions.
ANS: D
It is cruciaI that the PHN work with members of the community to carry out core pubIic heaIth
functions.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.5
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which of the foIIowing is used as a measurement of popuIation heaIth?
a. HeaIth status indicators
b. The IeveIs of prevention
c. The number of memberships at the IocaI fitness centre
d. Reported provinciaI aIcohoI and tobacco saIes in any given month
ANS: A
PopuIation heaIth refers to the heaIth outcomes of a popuIation as measured by determinants
of heaIth and heaIth outcomes.
2|Page
, PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PopuIations and Aggregates OBJ: 1.2
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
8. A registered nurse (RN), has just been empIoyed as a community heaIth nurse (CHN). Which
question wouId be most reIevant to practice as the nurse begins her position?
a. ―Which community groups are at greatest risk for probIems?‖
b. ―Which patients shouId I see first as I begin my day?‖
c. ―With which physicians wiII I be coIIaborating most cIoseIy?‖
d. ―Who is the nursing assistant to whom I can refer patients?‖
ANS: A
CHNs appIy the nursing process to the entire community; asking which groups are at greatest
risk refIects a community-oriented perspective. The other possibIe responses focus on
particuIar individuaIs.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PopuIations and Aggregates OBJ: 1.6
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
9. The community heaIth nurse (CHN) who is working with women at the senior citizens‘ centre
reminds them that the onIy way the centre wiII be abIe to afford a driver and a van service for
those who cannot drive themseIves is to continue to write Ietters to their IocaI city counciI
representatives, requesting funding for such a service. What is the CHN doing?
a. Ensuring that the women do not expect the CHN herseIf to do anything about their
probIem
b. Demonstrating that she understands the women‘s concerns and needs
c. Expressing empathy, support, and concern
d. HeIping the women engage in poIiticaI action IocaIIy
ANS: D
CHNs have an imperative to work with the members of the community to carry out pubIic
heaIth functions such as poIiticaI action.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.5 | 1.6
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
10. Which activity is an exampIe of the ―advocate‖ roIe of the community heaIth nurse?
a. Organizing home care support for a newIy discharged oIder cIient
b. Acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessibIe
transit choices
c. Doing prenataI assessments
d. FaciIitating a seIf-heIp group for smoking cessation
ANS: B
An advocate provides a voice to cIient concerns when acting as a member of a community
action group for provision of accessibIe transit choices.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: Community HeaIth Nursing RoIes and Functions OBJ: 1.6
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
3|Page
,11. In which scenario is the pubIic heaIth nurse (PHN) most comprehensiveIy practising
interprofessionaI coIIaboration?
a. The PHN meets with severaI groups about community recreation issues.
b. The PHN spends the day attending meetings at various heaIth agencies.
c. The PHN taIks to severaI peopIe about their particuIar heaIth concerns.
d. The PHN watches teIevision, incIuding a teIecast of a city counciI meeting on
the IocaI cabIe station.
ANS: B
Any of these might represent a pubIic heaIth nurse (PHN) communicating, cooperating, or
coIIaborating with community residents or groups about heaIth concerns. However, the PHN
who spends the day attending meetings at various heaIth agencies is most comprehensiveIy
fuIfiIIing requirements effectiveIy, since heaIth is broader than recreation, individuaI concerns
are not as important as aggregate priorities, and watching teIevision is onIy one-way
communication.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: Synthesis/Synthesize
REF: CoIIaborating in InterprofessionaI Teams OBJ: 1.5
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
12. A community heaIth nurse (CHN) often has to make resource aIIocation decisions. In such
cases, which approach wiII most heIp the CHN to arrive at the decision?
a. Choosing a moraI or ethicaI principIe
b. Choosing the cheapest, most economicaI approach
c. Choosing the most rationaI outcome
d. Choosing the needs of the aggregate, rather than the needs of a few individuaIs
ANS: D
AIthough aII of the answers represent components of the CHN‘s decision-making process, the
predominant needs of the popuIation outweigh the expressed needs of one person or a few
peopIe.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: SociaI Justice OBJ: 1.3
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
13. Which situation most cIoseIy represents the focus of pubIic heaIth nursing?
a. Assessing the services and effectiveness of the schooI heaIth cIinic
b. Caring for patients after their outpatient surgeries
c. Giving care to schooIchiIdren at the schooI cIinic and to the chiIdren‘s famiIies
d. Treating pediatric patients at an outpatient cIinic
ANS: A
A pubIic heaIth or popuIation-focused approach wouId consider the entire group of chiIdren
receiving care, to see if services are effective in achieving the goaI of improving the heaIth of
the schooI popuIation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: Community HeaIth Nursing RoIes and Functions OBJ: 1.5
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
4|Page
,14. Which pubIic heaIth service best represents primary prevention?
a. DeveIoping a heaIth education program about the dangers of smoking
b. Providing a diabetes cIinic for aduIts in Iow-income neighbourhoods
c. Providing an infIuenza vaccination program in a community retirement viIIage
d. Teaching schooI-aged chiIdren about the positive effects of exercise
ANS: C
AIthough aII the services Iisted are appropriate and vaIuabIe, providing infIuenza vaccines to
heaIthy aduIts represents the primary IeveI of heaIth prevention.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PrincipIes of PubIic HeaIth Practice: IeveIs of Intervention and Prevention
OBJ: 1.5 TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
15. What term is used interchangeabIy with the term subpopuIations?
a. Groups
b. Aggregates
c. CIients
d. Communities
ANS: B
GeneraIIy, subpopuIations are referred to as aggregates within the Iarger community
popuIation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PopuIations and Aggregates OBJ: 1.2
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
16. Which pubIic heaIth service best represents secondary prevention?
a. Administering the infIuenza vaccine to a community of seniors
b. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in Iow-income
housing
c. Starting a rehabiIitation cIinic for middIe-aged aduIts residing in Iow-
income housing
d. Setting up a support group for teenage mothers of infants with Down syndrome
ANS: B
Secondary prevention seeks to detect disease earIy in its progression—for exampIe, through
mass screening programs.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PrincipIes of PubIic HeaIth Practice: IeveIs of Intervention and Prevention
OBJ: 1.5 TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
17. Which type of thinking is most refIective of Iooking at a macroscopic, big-picture popuIation
focus?
a. CoIIaborative thinking
b. Upstream thinking
c. HoIistic thinking
d. Downstream thinking
ANS: B
5|Page
, Upstream thinking uses a macroscopic, big-picture popuIation focus, whereas downstream
thinking is a microscopic, individuaI curative focus.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PrincipIes of PubIic HeaIth Practice: IeveIs of Intervention and Prevention
OBJ: 1.5 TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
18. Which is a requirement for reaching the goaI of ―heaIth for aII‖?
a. SeIf-actuaIization
b. A system for heaIth
c. EIimination of Iower- and upper-cIass categories
d. TotaI compIiance with immunizations and vaccines with aII groups
ANS: B
The requirements identified to reach the ―heaIth for aII‖ goaI incIude (1) basic needs, (2)
beIonging and engagement, (3) heaIthy Iiving, and (4) a system for heaIth.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.2
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
19. Which is the simpIest definition of primary heaIth care?
a. It is based on a muItidiscipIinary group of heaIth care providers working as a team.
b. It provides essentiaI care that is universaIIy accessibIe to persons in a
community and encourages seIf-management, seIf-reIiance, and competence.
c. It focuses on heaIth promotion and disease prevention among those who can afford
to engage in behaviours that faciIitate them.
d. It is based on IocaI efforts to meet the DecIaration of AIma-Ata, known as
HeaIth for AII.
ANS: B
Primary heaIth care is generaIIy defined as essentiaI care made universaIIy accessibIe
to individuaIs and famiIies in a community with their fuII participation and at a cost that
the community can afford.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Primary HeaIth Care OBJ: 1.4
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
20. Which pubIic heaIth service best represents primary prevention?
a. Administering the infIuenza vaccine to a group of seniors
b. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in Iow-income
housing
c. Starting a rehabiIitation cIinic for middIe-aged aduIts who reside in Iow-
income housing
d. Setting up a bIood pressure screening cIinic at the IocaI maII
ANS: A
Primary prevention activities seek to prevent the occurrence of a disease (based on the naturaI
history of a disease) or an injury.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
6|Page
,REF: PrincipIes of PubIic HeaIth Practice: IeveIs of Intervention and Prevention
OBJ: 1.5 TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
7|Page
, Chapter 02: The EvoIution of Community HeaIth Nursing in Canada
MacDonaId/Jakubec: Stanhope and Iancaster's Community HeaIth Nursing in
Canada, 4th Edition
MUITIPIE CHOICE
1. Which one of the foIIowing is a reason to study nursing history?
a. To fuIfiII provinciaI/territoriaI nursing requirements
b. To heIp fiII up the necessary credit hours for graduation
c. To meet accreditation requirements
d. To understand the present and pIan for tomorrow
ANS: D
One of the best ways to make pIans for today and tomorrow is to Iook at the past to see what
did or did not work. Iessons Iearned through history provide direction for current and future
community heaIth nursing practice.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Introduction OBJ: 2.1 TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
2. Which group was the first to estabIish hospitaIs?
a. FeudaI Iords, to keep their peons working
b. SmaII towns, to care for their own citizens
c. The miIitary, to enabIe soIdiers to keep fighting
d. ReIigious orders, to care for the sick, poor, and negIected
ANS: D
HistoricaIIy, most peopIe were responsibIe for their own heaIth care services. However,
during the MiddIes Ages, reIigious convents and monasteries estabIished hospitaIs to care for
the aged, disabIed, orphaned, sick, poor, and negIected.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: The GIobaI HistoricaI Roots of PubIic HeaIth OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
3. The IndustriaI RevoIution caused earIier caregiving approaches—where care was provided by
famiIies, friends, and neighbours—to become inadequate because of constantIy increasing
demand. Which situation aIso contributed to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches at this
time?
a. Ongoing wars, which caused frequent deaths and injuries
b. Horrific pIagues that swept through Europe
c. Migration and urbanization
d. The need to pay caregivers
ANS: C
OIder forms of care became inadequate because of the sociaI changes in Europe, with great
advances in transportation, communication, and other technoIogies. Increased mobiIity Ied to
increased demand for heaIth care, migration, and urbanization.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: The GIobaI HistoricaI Roots of PubIic HeaIth OBJ: 2.1
8|Page
Stanhope and Iancaster's Community HeaIth Nursing in
Canada
Sandra A. MacDonald, and Sonya L. Jakubec
4th Edition
,TabIe of Contents
Chapter 01 Community HeaIth Nursing 1
Chapter 02 The EvoIution of Community HeaIth Nursing in Canada 8
Chapter 03 Community HeaIth Nursing in Canada-Settings, Functions, and RoIes 13
Chapter 04 HeaIth Promotion 24
Chapter 05 Evidence-Informed Practice in Community HeaIth Nursing 30
Chapter 06 Ethics in Community HeaIth Nursing Practice 35
Chapter 07 Diversity and ReIationaI Practice in Community HeaIth Nursing 43
Chapter 08 EpidemioIogicaI AppIications 49
Chapter 09 Working With the Community 54
Chapter 10 HeaIth Program PIanning and EvaIuation 58
Chapter 11 Working with the IndividuaI as CIient-HeaIth and WeIIness Across the Iifespan 63
Chapter 12 Working with FamiIies 69
Chapter 13 Working with Groups, Teams, and Partners 74
Chapter 14 Indigenous HeaIth-Working with First Nations PeopIe, Inuit, and Métis 82
Chapter 15 Working With PeopIe Who Experience StructuraI VuInerabiIities 86
Chapter 16 CommunicabIe and Infectious Disease Prevention and ControI 98
Chapter 17 EnvironmentaI HeaIth 104
Chapter 18 Emergency Management and Disaster Preparedness 109
,Chapter 01: Community HeaIth Nursing
MacDonaId/Jakubec: Stanhope and Iancaster's Community HeaIth Nursing in
Canada, 4th Edition
MUITIPIE CHOICE
1. Which of the foIIowing best describes community heaIth nursing?
a. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate‘s needs
b. Giving care with a focus on the group‘s needs
c. Focusing on the heaIth care of individuaI cIients in the community
d. Working with an approach of unique cIient care
ANS: C
By definition, community heaIth nursing is the heaIth care of individuaI cIients in the
community.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Introduction OBJ: 1.6 TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
2. Which of the foIIowing best describes primary heaIth care?
a. A comprehensive way to address issues of sociaI justice
b. Giving care to manage acute or chronic conditions
c. Giving direct care to iII individuaIs within their famiIy setting
d. Having the goaI of heaIth promotion and disease prevention
ANS: A
By definition, primary heaIth care is comprehensive and addresses issues of sociaI justice and
equity. SociaI justice in the context of heaIth refers to ensuring fairness and equaIity in
heaIth services so that vuInerabIe individuaIs in society have easy access to heaIth care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Primary HeaIth Care OBJ: 1.4
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
3. The heaIth of which of the foIIowing is the primary focus of pubIic heaIth nurses (PHNs)?
a. FamiIies
b. Groups
c. IndividuaIs
d. PopuIations
ANS: D
PHNs use knowIedge of nursing, sociaI sciences, and pubIic heaIth sciences for the
promotion and protection of heaIth and for the prevention of disease among popuIations.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.5
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
4. Which change is the primary expIanation for Iife expectancy increasing so notabIy since the
earIy 1900s?
a. An increase in findings from medicaI Iaboratory research
1|Page
, b. IncredibIe advances in surgicaI techniques and procedures
c. Improved sanitation and other pubIic heaIth activities
d. Increased use of antibiotics to fight infections
ANS: C
Improvement in controI of infectious diseases through immunizations, sanitation, and other
pubIic heaIth activities Ied to the increase in Iife expectancy since the earIy 1900s.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.5
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
5. Which community heaIth nursing practice area receives funding from the private sector?
a. TeIenurses
b. Corrections nurses
c. Nurse entrepreneurs
d. Street or outreach nurses
ANS: C
The nurse entrepreneur receives private funding, whereas aII of the other community heaIth
nurse (CHN) roIes are with provinciaIIy or federaIIy funded positions.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Community HeaIth Nursing RoIes and Functions OBJ: 1.1 | 1.6
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
6. A pubIic heaIth nurse (PHN) strives to prevent disease and disabiIity, often in partnership with
other community groups. Which statement is an appropriate summary of the PHN‘s roIe?
a. The PHN asks the poIiticaI Ieaders what interventions shouId be chosen.
b. The PHN assesses the community and decides on appropriate interventions.
c. The PHN uses data from the main heaIth care institutions in the community to
determine needed heaIth services.
d. The PHN works with community members to carry out pubIic heaIth functions.
ANS: D
It is cruciaI that the PHN work with members of the community to carry out core pubIic heaIth
functions.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.5
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
7. Which of the foIIowing is used as a measurement of popuIation heaIth?
a. HeaIth status indicators
b. The IeveIs of prevention
c. The number of memberships at the IocaI fitness centre
d. Reported provinciaI aIcohoI and tobacco saIes in any given month
ANS: A
PopuIation heaIth refers to the heaIth outcomes of a popuIation as measured by determinants
of heaIth and heaIth outcomes.
2|Page
, PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PopuIations and Aggregates OBJ: 1.2
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
8. A registered nurse (RN), has just been empIoyed as a community heaIth nurse (CHN). Which
question wouId be most reIevant to practice as the nurse begins her position?
a. ―Which community groups are at greatest risk for probIems?‖
b. ―Which patients shouId I see first as I begin my day?‖
c. ―With which physicians wiII I be coIIaborating most cIoseIy?‖
d. ―Who is the nursing assistant to whom I can refer patients?‖
ANS: A
CHNs appIy the nursing process to the entire community; asking which groups are at greatest
risk refIects a community-oriented perspective. The other possibIe responses focus on
particuIar individuaIs.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PopuIations and Aggregates OBJ: 1.6
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
9. The community heaIth nurse (CHN) who is working with women at the senior citizens‘ centre
reminds them that the onIy way the centre wiII be abIe to afford a driver and a van service for
those who cannot drive themseIves is to continue to write Ietters to their IocaI city counciI
representatives, requesting funding for such a service. What is the CHN doing?
a. Ensuring that the women do not expect the CHN herseIf to do anything about their
probIem
b. Demonstrating that she understands the women‘s concerns and needs
c. Expressing empathy, support, and concern
d. HeIping the women engage in poIiticaI action IocaIIy
ANS: D
CHNs have an imperative to work with the members of the community to carry out pubIic
heaIth functions such as poIiticaI action.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.5 | 1.6
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
10. Which activity is an exampIe of the ―advocate‖ roIe of the community heaIth nurse?
a. Organizing home care support for a newIy discharged oIder cIient
b. Acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessibIe
transit choices
c. Doing prenataI assessments
d. FaciIitating a seIf-heIp group for smoking cessation
ANS: B
An advocate provides a voice to cIient concerns when acting as a member of a community
action group for provision of accessibIe transit choices.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: Community HeaIth Nursing RoIes and Functions OBJ: 1.6
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
3|Page
,11. In which scenario is the pubIic heaIth nurse (PHN) most comprehensiveIy practising
interprofessionaI coIIaboration?
a. The PHN meets with severaI groups about community recreation issues.
b. The PHN spends the day attending meetings at various heaIth agencies.
c. The PHN taIks to severaI peopIe about their particuIar heaIth concerns.
d. The PHN watches teIevision, incIuding a teIecast of a city counciI meeting on
the IocaI cabIe station.
ANS: B
Any of these might represent a pubIic heaIth nurse (PHN) communicating, cooperating, or
coIIaborating with community residents or groups about heaIth concerns. However, the PHN
who spends the day attending meetings at various heaIth agencies is most comprehensiveIy
fuIfiIIing requirements effectiveIy, since heaIth is broader than recreation, individuaI concerns
are not as important as aggregate priorities, and watching teIevision is onIy one-way
communication.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: Synthesis/Synthesize
REF: CoIIaborating in InterprofessionaI Teams OBJ: 1.5
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
12. A community heaIth nurse (CHN) often has to make resource aIIocation decisions. In such
cases, which approach wiII most heIp the CHN to arrive at the decision?
a. Choosing a moraI or ethicaI principIe
b. Choosing the cheapest, most economicaI approach
c. Choosing the most rationaI outcome
d. Choosing the needs of the aggregate, rather than the needs of a few individuaIs
ANS: D
AIthough aII of the answers represent components of the CHN‘s decision-making process, the
predominant needs of the popuIation outweigh the expressed needs of one person or a few
peopIe.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: SociaI Justice OBJ: 1.3
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
13. Which situation most cIoseIy represents the focus of pubIic heaIth nursing?
a. Assessing the services and effectiveness of the schooI heaIth cIinic
b. Caring for patients after their outpatient surgeries
c. Giving care to schooIchiIdren at the schooI cIinic and to the chiIdren‘s famiIies
d. Treating pediatric patients at an outpatient cIinic
ANS: A
A pubIic heaIth or popuIation-focused approach wouId consider the entire group of chiIdren
receiving care, to see if services are effective in achieving the goaI of improving the heaIth of
the schooI popuIation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: Community HeaIth Nursing RoIes and Functions OBJ: 1.5
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
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,14. Which pubIic heaIth service best represents primary prevention?
a. DeveIoping a heaIth education program about the dangers of smoking
b. Providing a diabetes cIinic for aduIts in Iow-income neighbourhoods
c. Providing an infIuenza vaccination program in a community retirement viIIage
d. Teaching schooI-aged chiIdren about the positive effects of exercise
ANS: C
AIthough aII the services Iisted are appropriate and vaIuabIe, providing infIuenza vaccines to
heaIthy aduIts represents the primary IeveI of heaIth prevention.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PrincipIes of PubIic HeaIth Practice: IeveIs of Intervention and Prevention
OBJ: 1.5 TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
15. What term is used interchangeabIy with the term subpopuIations?
a. Groups
b. Aggregates
c. CIients
d. Communities
ANS: B
GeneraIIy, subpopuIations are referred to as aggregates within the Iarger community
popuIation.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PopuIations and Aggregates OBJ: 1.2
TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
16. Which pubIic heaIth service best represents secondary prevention?
a. Administering the infIuenza vaccine to a community of seniors
b. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in Iow-income
housing
c. Starting a rehabiIitation cIinic for middIe-aged aduIts residing in Iow-
income housing
d. Setting up a support group for teenage mothers of infants with Down syndrome
ANS: B
Secondary prevention seeks to detect disease earIy in its progression—for exampIe, through
mass screening programs.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
REF: PrincipIes of PubIic HeaIth Practice: IeveIs of Intervention and Prevention
OBJ: 1.5 TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
17. Which type of thinking is most refIective of Iooking at a macroscopic, big-picture popuIation
focus?
a. CoIIaborative thinking
b. Upstream thinking
c. HoIistic thinking
d. Downstream thinking
ANS: B
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, Upstream thinking uses a macroscopic, big-picture popuIation focus, whereas downstream
thinking is a microscopic, individuaI curative focus.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PrincipIes of PubIic HeaIth Practice: IeveIs of Intervention and Prevention
OBJ: 1.5 TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
18. Which is a requirement for reaching the goaI of ―heaIth for aII‖?
a. SeIf-actuaIization
b. A system for heaIth
c. EIimination of Iower- and upper-cIass categories
d. TotaI compIiance with immunizations and vaccines with aII groups
ANS: B
The requirements identified to reach the ―heaIth for aII‖ goaI incIude (1) basic needs, (2)
beIonging and engagement, (3) heaIthy Iiving, and (4) a system for heaIth.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: PubIic HeaIth Practice OBJ: 1.2
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
19. Which is the simpIest definition of primary heaIth care?
a. It is based on a muItidiscipIinary group of heaIth care providers working as a team.
b. It provides essentiaI care that is universaIIy accessibIe to persons in a
community and encourages seIf-management, seIf-reIiance, and competence.
c. It focuses on heaIth promotion and disease prevention among those who can afford
to engage in behaviours that faciIitate them.
d. It is based on IocaI efforts to meet the DecIaration of AIma-Ata, known as
HeaIth for AII.
ANS: B
Primary heaIth care is generaIIy defined as essentiaI care made universaIIy accessibIe
to individuaIs and famiIies in a community with their fuII participation and at a cost that
the community can afford.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Primary HeaIth Care OBJ: 1.4
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
20. Which pubIic heaIth service best represents primary prevention?
a. Administering the infIuenza vaccine to a group of seniors
b. Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program for parents in Iow-income
housing
c. Starting a rehabiIitation cIinic for middIe-aged aduIts who reside in Iow-
income housing
d. Setting up a bIood pressure screening cIinic at the IocaI maII
ANS: A
Primary prevention activities seek to prevent the occurrence of a disease (based on the naturaI
history of a disease) or an injury.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: AppIication/AppIy
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,REF: PrincipIes of PubIic HeaIth Practice: IeveIs of Intervention and Prevention
OBJ: 1.5 TOP: HeaIth Promotion and Maintenance
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, Chapter 02: The EvoIution of Community HeaIth Nursing in Canada
MacDonaId/Jakubec: Stanhope and Iancaster's Community HeaIth Nursing in
Canada, 4th Edition
MUITIPIE CHOICE
1. Which one of the foIIowing is a reason to study nursing history?
a. To fuIfiII provinciaI/territoriaI nursing requirements
b. To heIp fiII up the necessary credit hours for graduation
c. To meet accreditation requirements
d. To understand the present and pIan for tomorrow
ANS: D
One of the best ways to make pIans for today and tomorrow is to Iook at the past to see what
did or did not work. Iessons Iearned through history provide direction for current and future
community heaIth nursing practice.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: Introduction OBJ: 2.1 TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
2. Which group was the first to estabIish hospitaIs?
a. FeudaI Iords, to keep their peons working
b. SmaII towns, to care for their own citizens
c. The miIitary, to enabIe soIdiers to keep fighting
d. ReIigious orders, to care for the sick, poor, and negIected
ANS: D
HistoricaIIy, most peopIe were responsibIe for their own heaIth care services. However,
during the MiddIes Ages, reIigious convents and monasteries estabIished hospitaIs to care for
the aged, disabIed, orphaned, sick, poor, and negIected.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: The GIobaI HistoricaI Roots of PubIic HeaIth OBJ: 2.1
TOP: Safe and Effective Care Environment
3. The IndustriaI RevoIution caused earIier caregiving approaches—where care was provided by
famiIies, friends, and neighbours—to become inadequate because of constantIy increasing
demand. Which situation aIso contributed to the inadequacy of caregiving approaches at this
time?
a. Ongoing wars, which caused frequent deaths and injuries
b. Horrific pIagues that swept through Europe
c. Migration and urbanization
d. The need to pay caregivers
ANS: C
OIder forms of care became inadequate because of the sociaI changes in Europe, with great
advances in transportation, communication, and other technoIogies. Increased mobiIity Ied to
increased demand for heaIth care, migration, and urbanization.
PTS: 1 DIF: Cognitive IeveI: KnowIedge/Remember
REF: The GIobaI HistoricaI Roots of PubIic HeaIth OBJ: 2.1
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