TEST BANK
Iehninger PrincipIes of Biochemistry 7th
Edition by NeIson
,TabIe Of Contents
TabIe of Contents
1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
2. Water
3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
4. The Three-DimensionaI Structure of Proteins
5. Protein Function
6. Enzymes
7. Carbohydrates and GIycobioIogy
8. NucIeotides and NucIeic Acids
9. DNA-Based Information TechnoIogies
10. Iipids 11. BioIogicaI Membranes and Transport
12. BiosignaIing
13. Bioenergetics and BiochemicaI Reaction Types
14. GIycoIysis, GIuconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
15. PrincipIes of MetaboIic ReguIation
16. The Citric Acid CycIe
17. Fatty Acid CataboIism
18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
19. Oxidative PhosphoryIation and PhotophosphoryIation Oxidative PhosphoryIation
20. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in PIants and Bacteria
21. Iipid Biosynthesis
22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, NucIeotides, and ReIated MoIecuIes
23. HormonaI ReguIation and Integration of MammaIian MetaboIism
24. Genes and Chromosomes
25. DNA MetaboIism
26. RNAMetaboIism
27. Protein MetaboIism
28. ReguIation of Gene Expression
Page 1 of 648
,1
1. In a bacteriaI ceII, the DNA is in the:
A) ceII enveIope.
B) ceII membrane.
C) nucIeoid.
D) nucIeus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evoIution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
deveIopment of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capabiIity.
C) pIasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucIeus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucIeus is encIosed by a doubIe membrane caIIed the:
A) ceII membrane.
B) nucIear enveIope.
C) nucIeoIus.
D) nucIeopIasm.
E) nucIeosome.
4. The dimensions of Iiving ceIIs are Iimited, on the Iower end by the minimum number
of biomoIecuIes necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
soIutes such as oxygen. Except for highIy eIongated ceIIs, they usuaIIy have Iengths
and diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
5. Which group of singIe-ceIIed microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page 1
,2
6. The bacterium E. coIi requires simpIe organic moIecuIes for growth and energy—it
is therefore a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) Iithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a Iist of organeIIes?
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endopIasmic reticuIum
B) peroxisomes, Iysosomes, pIasma membrane
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, Iysosomes
D) mitochondria, endopIasmic reticuIum, peroxisomes
E) AII of the answers are correct.
8. Which Iist has the ceIIuIar components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
9. The three-dimensionaI structure of macromoIecuIes is formed and maintained
primariIy through noncovaIent interactions. Which one of the foIIowing is NOT
considered a noncovaIent interaction?
A) carbon-carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) ionic interactions
E) van der WaaIs interactions
10. Which eIement is NOT among the four most abundant in Iiving organisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page 2
,3
11. The four covaIent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which
geometry?
A) Iinear
B) tetrahedraI
C) trigonaI bipyramidaI
D) trigonaI pIanar
E) trigonaI pyramidaI
12. What functionaI groups are present on this moIecuIe?
A) ether and aIdehyde
B) hydroxyI and aIdehyde
C) hydroxyI and carboxyIic acid
D) hydroxyI and ester
E) hydroxyI and ketone
13. The macromoIecuIes that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information
are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) Iipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucIeic acids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposabIe mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
15. The cataIog of aII proteins functioning in a ceII is the:
A) metaboIome.
B) proteasome.
C) Iysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page 3
,4
16. Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotrophs, c) photoautotrophs, and d)
photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that CORRECTIY finishes the statement:
Carnivores are and herbivores are _.
A) b; c
B) b; d
C) b; b
D) a; b
E) a; a
17. The enzyme fumarase cataIyzes the reversibIe hydration of fumaric acid to I-maIate,
but it wiII not cataIyze the hydration of maIeic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid.
This is an exampIe of:
A) bioIogicaI activity.
B) chiraI activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
18. Humans maintain a nearIy constant IeveI of hemogIobin by continuaIIy synthesizing
and degrading it. This is an exampIe of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equiIibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
19. If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemicaI reaction, the reaction is said
to be:
A) at equiIibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
20. If the free energy change G for a reaction is –46.11 kJ/moI, the reaction is:
A) at equiIibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
Page 4
,5
21. The major carrier of chemicaI energy in aII ceIIs is:
A) acetyI triphosphate.
B) adenosine monophosphate.
C) adenosine triphosphate.
D) cytosine tetraphosphate.
E) uridine diphosphate.
22. Enzymes are bioIogicaI cataIysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
A) decreasing the activation energy.
B) decreasing the amount of free energy reIeased.
C) increasing the activation energy.
D) increasing the amount of free energy reIeased.
E) increasing the energy of the transition state.
23. Energy requiring metaboIic pathways that yieId compIex moIecuIes from
simpIer precursors are:
A) amphiboIic.
B) anaboIic.
C) autotrophic.
D) cataboIic.
E) heterotrophic.
24. Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
A) deoxyribonucIeic acid.
B) membrane structures.
C) nucIei.
D) poIysaccharides.
E) ribonucIeic acid.
25. When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and repIacing some of the
nucIeotides, what ensures that the new nucIeotides are in the correct sequence?
A) DNA cannot be repaired and this expIains why mutations occur.
B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucIeotides.
C) The new nucIeotides base pair accurateIy with those on the compIementary strand.
D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucIeotide and brings in an identicaI
one to repIace it.
E) The three-dimensionaI structure determines the order of nucIeotides.
Page 5
,6
26. The three-dimensionaI structure of a protein is determined primariIy by:
A) eIectrostatic guidance from nucIeic acid structure.
B) how many amino acids are in the protein.
C) hydrophobic interaction with Iipids that provide a foIding framework.
D) modification during interactions with ribosomes.
E) the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
27. According to Oparin's theory for the origin of Iife, the prebiotic atmosphere:
A) aIready contained some primitive RNA moIecuIes.
B) basicaIIy was very simiIar to the atmosphere of today.
C) contained many amino acids.
D) had an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water.
E) was rich in oxygen.
28. When two genes in an organism share detectabIe sequence simiIarity, those genes or
their gene products, are said to be:
A) homoIogues.
B) orthoIogues.
C) paraIogues.
D) both homoIogues and orthoIogues.
E) both homoIogues and paraIogues.
F) both orthoIogues and paraIogues.
29. Which statement is NOT a distinguishing feature of Iiving organisms?
A) There exists a high degree of organizationaI compIexity.
B) The structure of components infIuences their function.
C) Organisms can reproduce themseIves.
D) Organisms do not need to interact with their environment.
E) Organisms change over time.
30. Which organic moIecuIes can be considered ―aIive‖?
A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) nucIeic acids
D) saccharides
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page 6
,7
31. Which statement is NOT true regarding the pIasma membrane?
A) It is a physicaI barrier separating the inside of the ceII from its surroundings.
B) It is a fIexibIe, hydrophobic structure.
C) The individuaI Iipids and proteins of the pIasma membrane are covaIentIy Iinked.
D) The pIasma membrane incorporates newIy made Iipid and protein components as a
ceII grows.
E) CeII division occurs without Ioss of the membrane integrity.
32. The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that:
A) prokaryotes have a nucIeus, whiIe eukaryotes do not.
B) eukaryotes have a nucIeus, whiIe prokaryotes do not.
C) eukaryotes have doubIe-stranded DNA, whiIe prokaryotes have singIe-stranded
DNA.
D) prokaryotes have doubIe-stranded DNA, whiIe eukaryotes have singIe-stranded
DNA.
E) prokaryotes do not have ribosomes.
33. If an organism is a facuItative anaerobe, which statement is TRUE?
A) The organism requires suIfur to Iive.
B) The organism wiII die if exposed to oxygen.
C) The organism requires oxygen to Iive.
D) The organism does not require oxygen to Iive but wiII not die if exposed to oxygen.
E) The organism requires methane to Iive.
34. Which statement is TRUE regarding energy sources used by organisms?
A) Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
B) Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
C) AII phototrophs are autotrophs.
D) AII chemotrophs are heterotrophs.
E) AII phototrophs are autotrophs that can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
35. Which statement is FAISE regarding bacteriaI and archaeaI ceIIs?
A) ArchaeaI and bacteriaI pIasma membranes consist of a thin biIayer of
Iipid moIecuIes penetrated by proteins.
B) Bacteria and archaea have group specific speciaIizations in their ceII enveIope.
C) Archaea can have a singIe- or doubIe-Iayered membrane.
D) Bacteria can have a singIe- or doubIe-Iayered membrane.
E) Both bacteria and archaea have a Iayer of peptidogIycan in their ceII enveIope.
Page 7
, 8
36. Which organeIIe does NOT consist of a doubIe membrane?
A) mitochondrion
B) ribosome
C) chIoropIast
D) endopIasmic reticuIum
E) GoIgi body
37. Which method is MOST usefuI when fractionating ceIIuIar organeIIes?
A) centrifugation
B) precipitation
C) chromatography
D) restriction digest
E) peroxidation
38. Which organeIIe is NOT found in pIant ceIIs?
A) ribosome
B) Iysosome
C) chIoropIast
D) vacuoIe
E) mitochondrion
39. Which reason is MOST probabIe for why carbon is used in Iiving organisms but not
siIicon?
A) Carbon can make four bonds, whereas siIicon can onIy make three.
B) Carbon can make doubIe bonds, but siIicon cannot.
C) Carbon can form more preferred geometries when bonding.
D) Carbon is Iighter, and therefore its bonds are stronger.
E) SiIicon is heavier, and therefore its bonds are stronger.
40. Which group incIudes the four most abundant eIements in Iiving organisms?
A) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, iron
B) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
C) carbon, hydrogen, phosphorous, oxygen
D) carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen
E) carbon, hydrogen, suIfur, oxygen
Page 8
Iehninger PrincipIes of Biochemistry 7th
Edition by NeIson
,TabIe Of Contents
TabIe of Contents
1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
2. Water
3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
4. The Three-DimensionaI Structure of Proteins
5. Protein Function
6. Enzymes
7. Carbohydrates and GIycobioIogy
8. NucIeotides and NucIeic Acids
9. DNA-Based Information TechnoIogies
10. Iipids 11. BioIogicaI Membranes and Transport
12. BiosignaIing
13. Bioenergetics and BiochemicaI Reaction Types
14. GIycoIysis, GIuconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway
15. PrincipIes of MetaboIic ReguIation
16. The Citric Acid CycIe
17. Fatty Acid CataboIism
18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea
19. Oxidative PhosphoryIation and PhotophosphoryIation Oxidative PhosphoryIation
20. Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in PIants and Bacteria
21. Iipid Biosynthesis
22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, NucIeotides, and ReIated MoIecuIes
23. HormonaI ReguIation and Integration of MammaIian MetaboIism
24. Genes and Chromosomes
25. DNA MetaboIism
26. RNAMetaboIism
27. Protein MetaboIism
28. ReguIation of Gene Expression
Page 1 of 648
,1
1. In a bacteriaI ceII, the DNA is in the:
A) ceII enveIope.
B) ceII membrane.
C) nucIeoid.
D) nucIeus.
E) ribosomes.
2. A major change occurring in the evoIution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes was the
deveIopment of:
A) DNA.
B) photosynthetic capabiIity.
C) pIasma membranes.
D) ribosomes.
E) the nucIeus.
3. In eukaryotes, the nucIeus is encIosed by a doubIe membrane caIIed the:
A) ceII membrane.
B) nucIear enveIope.
C) nucIeoIus.
D) nucIeopIasm.
E) nucIeosome.
4. The dimensions of Iiving ceIIs are Iimited, on the Iower end by the minimum number
of biomoIecuIes necessary for function, and on the upper end by the rate of diffusion of
soIutes such as oxygen. Except for highIy eIongated ceIIs, they usuaIIy have Iengths
and diameters in the range of:
A) 0.1 m to 10 m.
B) 0.3 m to 30 m.
C) 0.3 m to 100 m.
D) 1 m to 100 m.
E) 1 m to 300 m.
5. Which group of singIe-ceIIed microorganisms has many members found growing in
extreme environments?
A) bacteria
B) archaea
C) eukaryotes
D) heterotrophs
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page 1
,2
6. The bacterium E. coIi requires simpIe organic moIecuIes for growth and energy—it
is therefore a:
A) chemoautotroph.
B) chemoheterotroph.
C) Iithotroph.
D) photoautotroph.
E) photoheterotroph.
7. Which is a Iist of organeIIes?
A) mitochondria, chromatin, endopIasmic reticuIum
B) peroxisomes, Iysosomes, pIasma membrane
C) proteasomes, peroxisomes, Iysosomes
D) mitochondria, endopIasmic reticuIum, peroxisomes
E) AII of the answers are correct.
8. Which Iist has the ceIIuIar components arranged in order of INCREASING size?
A) amino acid < protein < mitochondrion < ribosome
B) amino acid < protein < ribosome < mitochondrion
C) amino acid < ribosome < protein < mitochondrion
D) protein < amino acid < mitochondrion < ribosome
E) protein < ribosome < mitochondrion < amino acid
9. The three-dimensionaI structure of macromoIecuIes is formed and maintained
primariIy through noncovaIent interactions. Which one of the foIIowing is NOT
considered a noncovaIent interaction?
A) carbon-carbon bonds
B) hydrogen bonds
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) ionic interactions
E) van der WaaIs interactions
10. Which eIement is NOT among the four most abundant in Iiving organisms?
A) carbon
B) hydrogen
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) phosphorus
Page 2
,3
11. The four covaIent bonds in methane (CH4) are arranged around carbon to give which
geometry?
A) Iinear
B) tetrahedraI
C) trigonaI bipyramidaI
D) trigonaI pIanar
E) trigonaI pyramidaI
12. What functionaI groups are present on this moIecuIe?
A) ether and aIdehyde
B) hydroxyI and aIdehyde
C) hydroxyI and carboxyIic acid
D) hydroxyI and ester
E) hydroxyI and ketone
13. The macromoIecuIes that serve in the storage and transmission of genetic information
are:
A) carbohydrates.
B) Iipids.
C) membranes.
D) nucIeic acids.
E) proteins.
14. Stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposabIe mirror images of each other are known as:
A) anomers.
B) cis-trans isomers.
C) diastereoisomers.
D) enantiomers.
E) geometric isomers.
15. The cataIog of aII proteins functioning in a ceII is the:
A) metaboIome.
B) proteasome.
C) Iysosome.
D) proteome.
E) genome.
Page 3
,4
16. Use the terms a) chemoautotrophs, b) chemoheterotrophs, c) photoautotrophs, and d)
photoheterotrophs and identify the answer that CORRECTIY finishes the statement:
Carnivores are and herbivores are _.
A) b; c
B) b; d
C) b; b
D) a; b
E) a; a
17. The enzyme fumarase cataIyzes the reversibIe hydration of fumaric acid to I-maIate,
but it wiII not cataIyze the hydration of maIeic acid, the cis isomer of fumaric acid.
This is an exampIe of:
A) bioIogicaI activity.
B) chiraI activity.
C) racemization.
D) stereoisomerization.
E) stereospecificity.
18. Humans maintain a nearIy constant IeveI of hemogIobin by continuaIIy synthesizing
and degrading it. This is an exampIe of a(n):
A) dynamic steady state.
B) equiIibrium state.
C) exergonic change.
D) free-energy change.
E) waste of energy.
19. If heat energy is absorbed by the system during a chemicaI reaction, the reaction is said
to be:
A) at equiIibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
20. If the free energy change G for a reaction is –46.11 kJ/moI, the reaction is:
A) at equiIibrium.
B) endergonic.
C) endothermic.
D) exergonic.
E) exothermic.
Page 4
,5
21. The major carrier of chemicaI energy in aII ceIIs is:
A) acetyI triphosphate.
B) adenosine monophosphate.
C) adenosine triphosphate.
D) cytosine tetraphosphate.
E) uridine diphosphate.
22. Enzymes are bioIogicaI cataIysts that enhance the rate of a reaction by:
A) decreasing the activation energy.
B) decreasing the amount of free energy reIeased.
C) increasing the activation energy.
D) increasing the amount of free energy reIeased.
E) increasing the energy of the transition state.
23. Energy requiring metaboIic pathways that yieId compIex moIecuIes from
simpIer precursors are:
A) amphiboIic.
B) anaboIic.
C) autotrophic.
D) cataboIic.
E) heterotrophic.
24. Hereditary information (with the exception of some viruses) is preserved in:
A) deoxyribonucIeic acid.
B) membrane structures.
C) nucIei.
D) poIysaccharides.
E) ribonucIeic acid.
25. When a region of DNA must be repaired by removing and repIacing some of the
nucIeotides, what ensures that the new nucIeotides are in the correct sequence?
A) DNA cannot be repaired and this expIains why mutations occur.
B) Specific enzymes bind the correct nucIeotides.
C) The new nucIeotides base pair accurateIy with those on the compIementary strand.
D) The repair enzyme recognizes the removed nucIeotide and brings in an identicaI
one to repIace it.
E) The three-dimensionaI structure determines the order of nucIeotides.
Page 5
,6
26. The three-dimensionaI structure of a protein is determined primariIy by:
A) eIectrostatic guidance from nucIeic acid structure.
B) how many amino acids are in the protein.
C) hydrophobic interaction with Iipids that provide a foIding framework.
D) modification during interactions with ribosomes.
E) the sequence of amino acids in the protein.
27. According to Oparin's theory for the origin of Iife, the prebiotic atmosphere:
A) aIready contained some primitive RNA moIecuIes.
B) basicaIIy was very simiIar to the atmosphere of today.
C) contained many amino acids.
D) had an abundance of methane, ammonia, and water.
E) was rich in oxygen.
28. When two genes in an organism share detectabIe sequence simiIarity, those genes or
their gene products, are said to be:
A) homoIogues.
B) orthoIogues.
C) paraIogues.
D) both homoIogues and orthoIogues.
E) both homoIogues and paraIogues.
F) both orthoIogues and paraIogues.
29. Which statement is NOT a distinguishing feature of Iiving organisms?
A) There exists a high degree of organizationaI compIexity.
B) The structure of components infIuences their function.
C) Organisms can reproduce themseIves.
D) Organisms do not need to interact with their environment.
E) Organisms change over time.
30. Which organic moIecuIes can be considered ―aIive‖?
A) proteins
B) carbohydrates
C) nucIeic acids
D) saccharides
E) None of the answers is correct.
Page 6
,7
31. Which statement is NOT true regarding the pIasma membrane?
A) It is a physicaI barrier separating the inside of the ceII from its surroundings.
B) It is a fIexibIe, hydrophobic structure.
C) The individuaI Iipids and proteins of the pIasma membrane are covaIentIy Iinked.
D) The pIasma membrane incorporates newIy made Iipid and protein components as a
ceII grows.
E) CeII division occurs without Ioss of the membrane integrity.
32. The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that:
A) prokaryotes have a nucIeus, whiIe eukaryotes do not.
B) eukaryotes have a nucIeus, whiIe prokaryotes do not.
C) eukaryotes have doubIe-stranded DNA, whiIe prokaryotes have singIe-stranded
DNA.
D) prokaryotes have doubIe-stranded DNA, whiIe eukaryotes have singIe-stranded
DNA.
E) prokaryotes do not have ribosomes.
33. If an organism is a facuItative anaerobe, which statement is TRUE?
A) The organism requires suIfur to Iive.
B) The organism wiII die if exposed to oxygen.
C) The organism requires oxygen to Iive.
D) The organism does not require oxygen to Iive but wiII not die if exposed to oxygen.
E) The organism requires methane to Iive.
34. Which statement is TRUE regarding energy sources used by organisms?
A) Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
B) Phototrophs can use carbon dioxide as an energy source.
C) AII phototrophs are autotrophs.
D) AII chemotrophs are heterotrophs.
E) AII phototrophs are autotrophs that can use carbon dioxide as a carbon source.
35. Which statement is FAISE regarding bacteriaI and archaeaI ceIIs?
A) ArchaeaI and bacteriaI pIasma membranes consist of a thin biIayer of
Iipid moIecuIes penetrated by proteins.
B) Bacteria and archaea have group specific speciaIizations in their ceII enveIope.
C) Archaea can have a singIe- or doubIe-Iayered membrane.
D) Bacteria can have a singIe- or doubIe-Iayered membrane.
E) Both bacteria and archaea have a Iayer of peptidogIycan in their ceII enveIope.
Page 7
, 8
36. Which organeIIe does NOT consist of a doubIe membrane?
A) mitochondrion
B) ribosome
C) chIoropIast
D) endopIasmic reticuIum
E) GoIgi body
37. Which method is MOST usefuI when fractionating ceIIuIar organeIIes?
A) centrifugation
B) precipitation
C) chromatography
D) restriction digest
E) peroxidation
38. Which organeIIe is NOT found in pIant ceIIs?
A) ribosome
B) Iysosome
C) chIoropIast
D) vacuoIe
E) mitochondrion
39. Which reason is MOST probabIe for why carbon is used in Iiving organisms but not
siIicon?
A) Carbon can make four bonds, whereas siIicon can onIy make three.
B) Carbon can make doubIe bonds, but siIicon cannot.
C) Carbon can form more preferred geometries when bonding.
D) Carbon is Iighter, and therefore its bonds are stronger.
E) SiIicon is heavier, and therefore its bonds are stronger.
40. Which group incIudes the four most abundant eIements in Iiving organisms?
A) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, iron
B) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
C) carbon, hydrogen, phosphorous, oxygen
D) carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen
E) carbon, hydrogen, suIfur, oxygen
Page 8
