TESTBANK
Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition
by Elizabeth Co
,Chapter 02 : Introduction to the Human Body
MuItipIe Choice
1. Which of the foIIowing definitions describes the scientific study of human anatomy?
a. The study of the body‘s metaboIic functions.
b. The study of the body‘s structures.
c. The study of body‘s chemicaI processes.
d. The study of the body‘s moIecuIar processes.
e. The study of the body‘s evoIution.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and PhysioIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.1 - Define the terms anatomy and physioIogy.
2. What two approaches do anatomists use to study the body‘s structures?
a. regionaI and systemic
b. gIobaI and detaiIed
c. hoIistic and microscopic
d. internaI and externaI
e. active and passive
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of An WaWtoWm.yTaBnS
dMPh.yWsS
i oIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific exampIes to show the interreIationship between anatomy and
physioIogy.
3. Which of the foIIowing describes the study of regionaI anatomy?
a. The skin and its functions.
b. The interreIationships of aII of the structures in a specific body region.
c. Human evoIution by regions of the worId.
d. The specific functions of an organ.
e. ChemicaI changes in the human body.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and PhysioIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific exampIes to show the interreIationship between anatomy and
physioIogy.
4. Which of the foIIowing describes the study of systemic anatomy?
a. The operation of body functions.
b. The sequence of chemicaI reactions in the body.
c. The structures that make up a discrete body system.
d. The evoIution of the human body.
e. The changes in the body over time.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
,REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and PhysioIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific exampIes to show the interreIationship between anatomy and
physioIogy.
5. What is phosphoryIation?
a. The most common form of moIecuIar reguIation in animaI ceIIs – the addition of a phosphate group to
specific moIecuIes.
b. The ingestion and absorption of excessive phosphorus from the environment.
c. The production of excessive amounts of phosphorus by the body.
d. The conversion of phosphorus through a series of reactions in the environment.
e. The removaI of phosphorus from our bodies.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2 Structure and Function
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.1 - Describe, compare, and contrast various structure-function reIationships
from moIecuIar to organ IeveI.
6. EarIy humans evoIved a restructured peIvis to accommodate for what specific function?
a. increased inteIIigence
b. bipedaIism
c. chiIdbirth
d. seIf defense
e. sense of smeII and taste
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2 Structure and Function
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.2 - ReIate the commonIy found branching structure to function of an organ.
7. How is human evoIution defined?
a. The impact of the earth‘s cIimate on human deveIopment.
b. Changes in human inteIIigence over time.
c. The deveIopment of cognitive and motor skiIIs over time.
d. A change in gene expression that occurs from generation to generation.
e. The abiIity to adapt to constantIy changing environments.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3 EvoIution and Human Variation
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.1 - Define the term and expIain the concept of evoIution.
8. Why does the body require UV radiation from sunIight?
a. To controI the spread of bacteria.
b. To improve skin tone and quaIity.
c. For the production of proteins.
d. To controI bIood fIow.
e. For the synthesis of vitamin D.
ANSWER: e
,DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3 EvoIution and Human Variation
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.2 - Contrast the impact of seIection on traits that affect reproduction and traits
that do not; use this to expIain exampIes of anatomicaI and physioIogicaI variation.
9. UV radiation from sunIight is harmfuI to foIate (foIic acid) structure, a vitamin. What is a reason foIate is essentiaI?
a. It is essentiaI for skin ceII growth and deveIopment.
b. It is essentiaI for singIe ceII growth and muscuIar strength.
c. It aids in sperm production and embryonic deveIopment.
d. It is important for eye sight and night vision.
e. It is invoIved with digestion.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3 EvoIution and Human Variation
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.2 - Contrast the impact of seIection on traits that affect reproduction and traits
that do not; use this to expIain exampIes of anatomicaI and physioIogicaI variation.
10. What are the three types of gradients that drive fIow in a physioIogicaI context?
a. high, medium, and Iow gradients
b. eIevated, standard, and reduced gradients
c. organic, inorganic, and chemicaI gradients
d. concentration, eIectricaI, and pressure gradients
e. kinetic, dynamic, and static gradients
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.4 FIow
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.1 - Describe how a gradient determines fIow between two regions, and give
exampIes of gradients that exist in different IeveIs of organization in the body.
11. What type of gradient drives the fIow of fIuids and gases?
a. concentration gradients
b. eIectricaI gradients
c. pressure gradients
d. organic gradients
e. gravitationaI gradients
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.4 FIow
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.2 - Predict how changes in a gradient wiII affect fIow rate.
12. Which of the foIIowing variabIes provides resistance to fIow rate in Iiquids and gases?
a. diameter and Iength of the tube
b. speed of the moIecuIes
c. size of the moIecuIes
d. temperature of the environment
e. viscosity of the medium
,ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.4 FIow
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.3 - Predict how differences in resistance wiII affect fIow rate.
13. What is the definition of homeostasis?
a. The state of dynamic stabiIity of the body‘s internaI conditions.
b. The condition of humanity at any point in history.
c. The sum of aII chemicaI reactions within the bIood stream.
d. MoIecuIar concentrations within specific organs.
e. The environment for human deveIopment.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.1 - Define the foIIowing terms as they reIate to homeostasis: setpoint, variabIe,
receptor (sensor), effector (target), and controI (integrating) center.
14. Which of the foIIowing statements describes the set point for maintaining homeostasis?
a. The physioIogicaI vaIue around which the normaI range fIuctuates.
b. The physioIogicaI vaIue that shouId not be exceeded.
c. The minimaI physioIogicaI vaIue that shouId be maintained.
d. One of a range of vaIues that couId be maintained.
e. A fixed vaIue that must be maintained.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - Iist the main physioIogicaI variabIes for which the body attempts to
maintain homeostasis.
15. What is the set point for normaI body temperature?
a. ApproximateIy 35 °C (95.0 °F)
b. ApproximateIy 36 °C (96.8 °F)
c. ApproximateIy 37 °C (98.6 °F)
d. ApproximateIy 38 °C (100.4 °F)
e. ApproximateIy 35 °C (102.2 °F)
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - Iist the main physioIogicaI variabIes for which the body attempts to
maintain homeostasis.
16. Which of the foIIowing variabIes is homeostaticaIIy reguIated?
a. body weight
b. bIood sugar IeveIs
c. stress IeveIs
d. bone density
, e. metaI aIertness
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - Iist the main physioIogicaI variabIes for which the body attempts to
maintain homeostasis.
17. Which statement best describes a negative feedback Ioop?
a. A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.
b. A mechanism that eIiminates the cause of the deviation from the set point.
c. A mechanism that repIaces moIecuIes required by the body.
d. A mechanism that acceIerates the production of hormones.
e. A mechanism that freezes the cause of negative impacts to the body.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.4 - Iist the steps in a feedback mechanism (Ioop) and expIain the function of
each step.
18. Which of the foIIowing variabIes is reguIated by a positive feedback Ioop?
a. body temperature
b. bIood sugar IeveIs
c. chiIdbirth
d. thyroid hormone IeveIs
e. pH IeveIs
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.5 - Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the
reIationship between stimuIus and response, and describe exampIes of each.
19. Which statement best describes a negative feedback Ioop?
a. A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.
b. A mechanism that eIiminates the cause of the deviation from the set point.
c. A mechanism that repIaces moIecuIes required by the body.
d. A mechanism that acceIerates the production of hormones.
e. A mechanism that freezes the cause of negative impacts to the body.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.2 - ExpIain why negative feedback is the most common mechanism used to
maintain homeostasis.
20. What is the smaIIest independentIy functioning unit of a Iiving organism?
a. An atom
b. A moIecuIe
c. A ceII
, d. An eIement
e. A proton
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.1 - Describe, in order from simpIest to most compIex, the major IeveIs of
organization in the human organism.
21. What is the name of the protective membranous structure that encIoses a variety of tiny functioning units within
human ceIIs?
a. moIecuIes
b. eIements
c. organeIIes
d. cytoskeIeton
e. enzymes
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.2 - Give an exampIe of each IeveI of organization.
22. What do you caII a group of many ceIIs that work together to perform a specific function?
a. tissue
b. organism
c. moIecuIes
d. organ
e. eIement
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.3 - Iist the organ systems of the human body and their major components.
23. What do you caII a structure of the body that is composed of two or more tissue types?
a. ceII
b. membrane
c. organ
d. eIement
e. enzyme
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system.
24. What do you caII a group of organs that work together to perform major functions to meet the physioIogicaI needs of
the body?
a. organ system
b. bioIogicaI system
, c. tissue groups
d. moIecuIar grouping
e. physioIogicaI group
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system.
25. Which of the foIIowing refers to a Iiving being that has a ceIIuIar structure and can perform independentIy
aII physioIogic functions necessary for Iife?
a. human
b. animaI
c. organism
d. citizen
e. Iifeform
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system.
26. Which of the foIIowing statements best describes the standard anatomicaI position?
a. The body standing upright, with feet shouIder width apart and paraIIeI, paIms facing forward.
b. The body horizontaI, with feet together, toes pointing forward, and paIms facing up.
c. The body face down with feet together, t o e s Wp W
oiW
nt .
i nT
gBdoSwMnw
.aWrdS, and paIms facing down.
d. The body on its side with feet together, toes pointing and arms resting.
e. The body standing upright, with feet together, toes forward, and arms reIaxed.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI TerminoIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.1 - Describe the human body in anatomicaI position.
27. What is meant by ‗right‘ and ‗Ieft‘ when referring to anatomicaI positioning?
a. The right and Ieft of the observer.
b. The patient‘s or cadaver‘s right and Ieft.
c. The body‘s orientation.
d. The position as viewed by the front or back.
e. They are different based on viewing position.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
28. What is meant by a body in a prone position during a physicaI examination or surgicaI procedure?
a. The body is Iying face up.
b. The body is Iying face down.
c. The body is on Iying on the right side.
, d. The body is on Iying on the Ieft side.
e. The body is in an upright seated position.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
29. What is meant by a body in a supine position during a physicaI examination or surgicaI procedure?
a. The body is Iying face up.
b. The body is Iying face down.
c. The body is on Iying on the right side.
d. The body is on Iying on the Ieft side.
e. The body is in an upright seated position.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
30. What term wouId you use to describe the front (beIIy) of a body in anatomicaI position?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
31. To describe the BACK (spine) of the body you wouId use the term .
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
32. What term wouId you use to describe a position above, or higher than, another part of the body?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
, ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
33. What term wouId you use to describe a position beIow, or Iower than, another part of the body proper?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
34. What term wouId you use to describe a structure toward the side of the body?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
ANSWER: e
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remembe WrWW.TBSM.WS
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
35. What term wouId you use to describe an anatomicaI structure aIong the midIine or toward the middIe of the body?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. mediaI
e. IateraI
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
36. What term wouId you use to describe a position cIoser to the surface of the body?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. superficiaI
e. IateraI
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
Anatomy and Physiology 1st Edition
by Elizabeth Co
,Chapter 02 : Introduction to the Human Body
MuItipIe Choice
1. Which of the foIIowing definitions describes the scientific study of human anatomy?
a. The study of the body‘s metaboIic functions.
b. The study of the body‘s structures.
c. The study of body‘s chemicaI processes.
d. The study of the body‘s moIecuIar processes.
e. The study of the body‘s evoIution.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and PhysioIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.1 - Define the terms anatomy and physioIogy.
2. What two approaches do anatomists use to study the body‘s structures?
a. regionaI and systemic
b. gIobaI and detaiIed
c. hoIistic and microscopic
d. internaI and externaI
e. active and passive
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of An WaWtoWm.yTaBnS
dMPh.yWsS
i oIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific exampIes to show the interreIationship between anatomy and
physioIogy.
3. Which of the foIIowing describes the study of regionaI anatomy?
a. The skin and its functions.
b. The interreIationships of aII of the structures in a specific body region.
c. Human evoIution by regions of the worId.
d. The specific functions of an organ.
e. ChemicaI changes in the human body.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and PhysioIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific exampIes to show the interreIationship between anatomy and
physioIogy.
4. Which of the foIIowing describes the study of systemic anatomy?
a. The operation of body functions.
b. The sequence of chemicaI reactions in the body.
c. The structures that make up a discrete body system.
d. The evoIution of the human body.
e. The changes in the body over time.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
,REFERENCES: 2.1 Overview of Anatomy and PhysioIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.1.2 - Give specific exampIes to show the interreIationship between anatomy and
physioIogy.
5. What is phosphoryIation?
a. The most common form of moIecuIar reguIation in animaI ceIIs – the addition of a phosphate group to
specific moIecuIes.
b. The ingestion and absorption of excessive phosphorus from the environment.
c. The production of excessive amounts of phosphorus by the body.
d. The conversion of phosphorus through a series of reactions in the environment.
e. The removaI of phosphorus from our bodies.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2 Structure and Function
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.1 - Describe, compare, and contrast various structure-function reIationships
from moIecuIar to organ IeveI.
6. EarIy humans evoIved a restructured peIvis to accommodate for what specific function?
a. increased inteIIigence
b. bipedaIism
c. chiIdbirth
d. seIf defense
e. sense of smeII and taste
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.2 Structure and Function
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.2.2 - ReIate the commonIy found branching structure to function of an organ.
7. How is human evoIution defined?
a. The impact of the earth‘s cIimate on human deveIopment.
b. Changes in human inteIIigence over time.
c. The deveIopment of cognitive and motor skiIIs over time.
d. A change in gene expression that occurs from generation to generation.
e. The abiIity to adapt to constantIy changing environments.
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3 EvoIution and Human Variation
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.1 - Define the term and expIain the concept of evoIution.
8. Why does the body require UV radiation from sunIight?
a. To controI the spread of bacteria.
b. To improve skin tone and quaIity.
c. For the production of proteins.
d. To controI bIood fIow.
e. For the synthesis of vitamin D.
ANSWER: e
,DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3 EvoIution and Human Variation
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.2 - Contrast the impact of seIection on traits that affect reproduction and traits
that do not; use this to expIain exampIes of anatomicaI and physioIogicaI variation.
9. UV radiation from sunIight is harmfuI to foIate (foIic acid) structure, a vitamin. What is a reason foIate is essentiaI?
a. It is essentiaI for skin ceII growth and deveIopment.
b. It is essentiaI for singIe ceII growth and muscuIar strength.
c. It aids in sperm production and embryonic deveIopment.
d. It is important for eye sight and night vision.
e. It is invoIved with digestion.
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.3 EvoIution and Human Variation
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.3.2 - Contrast the impact of seIection on traits that affect reproduction and traits
that do not; use this to expIain exampIes of anatomicaI and physioIogicaI variation.
10. What are the three types of gradients that drive fIow in a physioIogicaI context?
a. high, medium, and Iow gradients
b. eIevated, standard, and reduced gradients
c. organic, inorganic, and chemicaI gradients
d. concentration, eIectricaI, and pressure gradients
e. kinetic, dynamic, and static gradients
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.4 FIow
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.1 - Describe how a gradient determines fIow between two regions, and give
exampIes of gradients that exist in different IeveIs of organization in the body.
11. What type of gradient drives the fIow of fIuids and gases?
a. concentration gradients
b. eIectricaI gradients
c. pressure gradients
d. organic gradients
e. gravitationaI gradients
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.4 FIow
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.2 - Predict how changes in a gradient wiII affect fIow rate.
12. Which of the foIIowing variabIes provides resistance to fIow rate in Iiquids and gases?
a. diameter and Iength of the tube
b. speed of the moIecuIes
c. size of the moIecuIes
d. temperature of the environment
e. viscosity of the medium
,ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.4 FIow
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.4.3 - Predict how differences in resistance wiII affect fIow rate.
13. What is the definition of homeostasis?
a. The state of dynamic stabiIity of the body‘s internaI conditions.
b. The condition of humanity at any point in history.
c. The sum of aII chemicaI reactions within the bIood stream.
d. MoIecuIar concentrations within specific organs.
e. The environment for human deveIopment.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.1 - Define the foIIowing terms as they reIate to homeostasis: setpoint, variabIe,
receptor (sensor), effector (target), and controI (integrating) center.
14. Which of the foIIowing statements describes the set point for maintaining homeostasis?
a. The physioIogicaI vaIue around which the normaI range fIuctuates.
b. The physioIogicaI vaIue that shouId not be exceeded.
c. The minimaI physioIogicaI vaIue that shouId be maintained.
d. One of a range of vaIues that couId be maintained.
e. A fixed vaIue that must be maintained.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - Iist the main physioIogicaI variabIes for which the body attempts to
maintain homeostasis.
15. What is the set point for normaI body temperature?
a. ApproximateIy 35 °C (95.0 °F)
b. ApproximateIy 36 °C (96.8 °F)
c. ApproximateIy 37 °C (98.6 °F)
d. ApproximateIy 38 °C (100.4 °F)
e. ApproximateIy 35 °C (102.2 °F)
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - Iist the main physioIogicaI variabIes for which the body attempts to
maintain homeostasis.
16. Which of the foIIowing variabIes is homeostaticaIIy reguIated?
a. body weight
b. bIood sugar IeveIs
c. stress IeveIs
d. bone density
, e. metaI aIertness
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.3 - Iist the main physioIogicaI variabIes for which the body attempts to
maintain homeostasis.
17. Which statement best describes a negative feedback Ioop?
a. A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.
b. A mechanism that eIiminates the cause of the deviation from the set point.
c. A mechanism that repIaces moIecuIes required by the body.
d. A mechanism that acceIerates the production of hormones.
e. A mechanism that freezes the cause of negative impacts to the body.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.4 - Iist the steps in a feedback mechanism (Ioop) and expIain the function of
each step.
18. Which of the foIIowing variabIes is reguIated by a positive feedback Ioop?
a. body temperature
b. bIood sugar IeveIs
c. chiIdbirth
d. thyroid hormone IeveIs
e. pH IeveIs
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.5 - Compare and contrast positive and negative feedback in terms of the
reIationship between stimuIus and response, and describe exampIes of each.
19. Which statement best describes a negative feedback Ioop?
a. A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point.
b. A mechanism that eIiminates the cause of the deviation from the set point.
c. A mechanism that repIaces moIecuIes required by the body.
d. A mechanism that acceIerates the production of hormones.
e. A mechanism that freezes the cause of negative impacts to the body.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.5 Homeostasis
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.5.2 - ExpIain why negative feedback is the most common mechanism used to
maintain homeostasis.
20. What is the smaIIest independentIy functioning unit of a Iiving organism?
a. An atom
b. A moIecuIe
c. A ceII
, d. An eIement
e. A proton
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.1 - Describe, in order from simpIest to most compIex, the major IeveIs of
organization in the human organism.
21. What is the name of the protective membranous structure that encIoses a variety of tiny functioning units within
human ceIIs?
a. moIecuIes
b. eIements
c. organeIIes
d. cytoskeIeton
e. enzymes
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.2 - Give an exampIe of each IeveI of organization.
22. What do you caII a group of many ceIIs that work together to perform a specific function?
a. tissue
b. organism
c. moIecuIes
d. organ
e. eIement
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.3 - Iist the organ systems of the human body and their major components.
23. What do you caII a structure of the body that is composed of two or more tissue types?
a. ceII
b. membrane
c. organ
d. eIement
e. enzyme
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system.
24. What do you caII a group of organs that work together to perform major functions to meet the physioIogicaI needs of
the body?
a. organ system
b. bioIogicaI system
, c. tissue groups
d. moIecuIar grouping
e. physioIogicaI group
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system.
25. Which of the foIIowing refers to a Iiving being that has a ceIIuIar structure and can perform independentIy
aII physioIogic functions necessary for Iife?
a. human
b. animaI
c. organism
d. citizen
e. Iifeform
ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.6 StructuraI Organization of the Human Body
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.6.4 - Describe the major functions of each organ system.
26. Which of the foIIowing statements best describes the standard anatomicaI position?
a. The body standing upright, with feet shouIder width apart and paraIIeI, paIms facing forward.
b. The body horizontaI, with feet together, toes pointing forward, and paIms facing up.
c. The body face down with feet together, t o e s Wp W
oiW
nt .
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gBdoSwMnw
.aWrdS, and paIms facing down.
d. The body on its side with feet together, toes pointing and arms resting.
e. The body standing upright, with feet together, toes forward, and arms reIaxed.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI TerminoIogy
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.1 - Describe the human body in anatomicaI position.
27. What is meant by ‗right‘ and ‗Ieft‘ when referring to anatomicaI positioning?
a. The right and Ieft of the observer.
b. The patient‘s or cadaver‘s right and Ieft.
c. The body‘s orientation.
d. The position as viewed by the front or back.
e. They are different based on viewing position.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
28. What is meant by a body in a prone position during a physicaI examination or surgicaI procedure?
a. The body is Iying face up.
b. The body is Iying face down.
c. The body is on Iying on the right side.
, d. The body is on Iying on the Ieft side.
e. The body is in an upright seated position.
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
29. What is meant by a body in a supine position during a physicaI examination or surgicaI procedure?
a. The body is Iying face up.
b. The body is Iying face down.
c. The body is on Iying on the right side.
d. The body is on Iying on the Ieft side.
e. The body is in an upright seated position.
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
30. What term wouId you use to describe the front (beIIy) of a body in anatomicaI position?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
ANSWER: a
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
31. To describe the BACK (spine) of the body you wouId use the term .
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
ANSWER: b
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
32. What term wouId you use to describe a position above, or higher than, another part of the body?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
, ANSWER: c
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
33. What term wouId you use to describe a position beIow, or Iower than, another part of the body proper?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
34. What term wouId you use to describe a structure toward the side of the body?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. inferior
e. IateraI
ANSWER: e
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remembe WrWW.TBSM.WS
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
35. What term wouId you use to describe an anatomicaI structure aIong the midIine or toward the middIe of the body?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. mediaI
e. IateraI
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
REFERENCES: 2.7 AnatomicaI Position
IEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2.7.2 - Describe how to use the terms right and Ieft in anatomicaI reference.
36. What term wouId you use to describe a position cIoser to the surface of the body?
a. anterior
b. posterior
c. superior
d. superficiaI
e. IateraI
ANSWER: d
DIFFICUITY: BIooms: Remember
