BIOL 2402 STUDY GUIDE Summer 2024
Chapter 19
1. Know about composition of blood: plasma (plasma proteins, solutes, water) and formed
elements (platelets, WBC and RBC) found in Figure 19-1 – Spotlight.
2. Know relation of RBC structure and its function (Figure 19-2).
3. Know hemoglobin structure and function (Figure 19-3).
4. Know about RBC production, its stages of maturation – erythropoiesis (Figure 19-4), and
turnover.
5. Know the effects of erythropoietin (EPO).
6. Know about blood tests performed in lab (Table 19-1). Know the differences between
macrocytic, normocytic, and microcytic vs hyperchromic, normochromic, and
hypochromic. Know the anemias, reticulocytosis, and polycythemias discussed in class.
7. Know the pathway of hemoglobin recycle (Figure 19-5), the different types of jaundice
(icterus), and clinical examples that can produce them.
8. Know the ABO and Rh groups in blood typing (Figure 19-6). Know the events taking
place during cross-reactions (Figure 19-6).
9. Know examples of blood typing test (Figure 19-7). Know about blood transfusions.
Understand the condition called hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or
erythroblastosis fetalis (Figure 19-8 - Spotlight).
10. Know the different types of WBC, their characteristics and functions (Figure 19-9 and
Table 19-3). Know the WBC disorders.
11. Know the development of WBC (leucopoiesis) and all blood elements (hematopoiesis or
hemopoiesis) - (Figure 19-10).
12. Know the process of blood clotting, its phases (vascular, platelet, and coagulation
phases).
13. Know about platelet production and platelet function.
14. From the coagulation phase, know and understand the three pathways: extrinsic, intrinsic,
and common pathways.
15. Know the anticoagulants (antithrombin III is found in normal plasma; heparin is released
by basophils and mast cells; thrombomodulin is released by endothelial cells; and
prostacyclin is released by endothelial cells during the platelet phase).
16. Know about the roles of calcium and vitamin K in blood clotting.
17. Understand clot retraction and fibrinolysis.
18. Know and understand bleeding disorders, such as those described in Clinical Notes, page
682 (thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, thrombophilia, and deep vein thrombosis – DVT).
Also know the inheritance of X-linked recessive genes such as hemophilia A and/or B,
discussed in class.
Page 1 of 4
Chapter 19
1. Know about composition of blood: plasma (plasma proteins, solutes, water) and formed
elements (platelets, WBC and RBC) found in Figure 19-1 – Spotlight.
2. Know relation of RBC structure and its function (Figure 19-2).
3. Know hemoglobin structure and function (Figure 19-3).
4. Know about RBC production, its stages of maturation – erythropoiesis (Figure 19-4), and
turnover.
5. Know the effects of erythropoietin (EPO).
6. Know about blood tests performed in lab (Table 19-1). Know the differences between
macrocytic, normocytic, and microcytic vs hyperchromic, normochromic, and
hypochromic. Know the anemias, reticulocytosis, and polycythemias discussed in class.
7. Know the pathway of hemoglobin recycle (Figure 19-5), the different types of jaundice
(icterus), and clinical examples that can produce them.
8. Know the ABO and Rh groups in blood typing (Figure 19-6). Know the events taking
place during cross-reactions (Figure 19-6).
9. Know examples of blood typing test (Figure 19-7). Know about blood transfusions.
Understand the condition called hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) or
erythroblastosis fetalis (Figure 19-8 - Spotlight).
10. Know the different types of WBC, their characteristics and functions (Figure 19-9 and
Table 19-3). Know the WBC disorders.
11. Know the development of WBC (leucopoiesis) and all blood elements (hematopoiesis or
hemopoiesis) - (Figure 19-10).
12. Know the process of blood clotting, its phases (vascular, platelet, and coagulation
phases).
13. Know about platelet production and platelet function.
14. From the coagulation phase, know and understand the three pathways: extrinsic, intrinsic,
and common pathways.
15. Know the anticoagulants (antithrombin III is found in normal plasma; heparin is released
by basophils and mast cells; thrombomodulin is released by endothelial cells; and
prostacyclin is released by endothelial cells during the platelet phase).
16. Know about the roles of calcium and vitamin K in blood clotting.
17. Understand clot retraction and fibrinolysis.
18. Know and understand bleeding disorders, such as those described in Clinical Notes, page
682 (thrombocytopenia, hemophilia, thrombophilia, and deep vein thrombosis – DVT).
Also know the inheritance of X-linked recessive genes such as hemophilia A and/or B,
discussed in class.
Page 1 of 4
