American Exam Government CLEP

American Government CLEP
Exam
Public Policy -->A law, rule, statute or edict that expresses the governments goals
and provides for rewards and punishments to promote these goals attainment


Political Ideology -->A cohesive set of beliefs that forms a general philosophy about
the role of government


Political Culture -->Broadly shared values, beliefs and attitudes about how the
government should function American political culture emphasizes the values of
liberty, equality, and democracy


Judicial Review -->The power of the courts to review and, if necessary, declare
actions of the legislative and executive branches invalid or unconstitutional; asserted
this power in Marbury v. Madison 1803


Judicial Restraint -->Judicial philosophy whose adherents refuse to go beyond the
clear words of the constitution in interpreting the documents meaning


Judicial Activism -->Judicial philosophy that posits that the court should go beyond
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that words of the constitution or a statute to consider the broader societal
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implications of its decisions
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Executive Privilege -->The claim that confidential communications between a
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president and close advisers should not be revealed without the consent of the
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president


Gender Gap -->A distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in
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views between women and men
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, Whip -->A party member in the House or Senate responsible for coordinating the
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party's legislature strategy holding support for key issues, and counting votes
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Direct Democracy -->A system of rule that permits citizens to vote directly on laws
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and policies
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Dual Federalism -->The system of government that prevailed in the United States
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from 1789 to 1937 in which most fundamental governmental powers were shared
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between the federal and state governments
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Bureaucracy -->The complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles of
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organization that are employed by all large scale institutions to coordinate the work
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g of their personnel
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Pocket Veto -->A presidential veto that is automatically triggered if the president
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does not act on a given piece of legislation passed during the final 10 days of a
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legislative session g




Executive Order -->A rule or regulation issued by the president that has the effect
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and formal status of legislation
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Executive Agreement -->An agreement, made between the president and another
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country, that has the force of a treaty but does not require the senate's "advice and
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g consent"


Delegated Powers -->Constitutional powers that are assigned to one governmental
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g agency but that are exercised by another agency with the express permission of
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Seniority -->The ranking given to an individual on the basis of length of continuous
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service on a committee in congress
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