1. Case Study: A 60-year-old male with a history of hypertension
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
2. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood
glucose.
3. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
,A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.
4. Case Study: A 65-year-old female presents with dizziness, a
history of hypertension, and complaints of weakness in her left
arm. Upon assessment, her blood pressure is elevated, and she has
reduced sensation in her left arm.
Question: Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected
in this patient?
A. Spinal cord
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum
D. Brainstem
Answer: C. Cerebrum
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms, including weakness and
sensory changes localized to one side of the body, suggest a
possible cerebrovascular accident (stroke) affecting the cerebrum.
5. Case Study: A 20-year-old female presents with weakness,
dizziness, and palpitations. She is a vegetarian and has a history of
poor dietary habits.
Question: Which deficiency is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Folate deficiency
D. Calcium deficiency
Answer: A. Iron deficiency
, Rationale: Iron deficiency is common in individuals with poor
dietary habits, especially in vegetarians. It leads to anemia,
causing weakness, dizziness, and palpitations.
6. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with increasing
fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine. His history includes heavy
alcohol consumption.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hepatitis
B. Cirrhosis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Cholecystitis
Answer: B. Cirrhosis
Rationale: Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver caused
by chronic liver diseases, including alcoholism. Symptoms include
jaundice, dark urine, and fatigue.
7. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
8. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
and diabetes presents with sudden numbness and weakness on one
side of his body.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
B. Stroke
C. Seizure
D. Brain tumor
Answer: B. Stroke
Rationale: The sudden onset of unilateral numbness and weakness
suggests a stroke, especially in a patient with risk factors like
hypertension and diabetes.
2. Case Study: A 30-year-old male complains of increased thirst,
frequent urination, and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal high blood
glucose levels.
Question: Which organ is most responsible for regulating the
patient’s blood glucose levels?
A. Liver
B. Pancreas
C. Kidneys
D. Heart
Answer: B. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which is responsible for
regulating blood glucose levels. In this patient, a lack of insulin or
insulin resistance could explain the symptoms of high blood
glucose.
3. Case Study: A 70-year-old male presents with difficulty moving
his legs, tremors, and a shuffling gait.
Question: What condition is most likely causing these symptoms?
,A. Parkinson’s disease
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Alzheimer’s disease
D. Stroke
Answer: A. Parkinson’s disease
Rationale: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder
characterized by tremors, bradykinesia (slow movement), and a
shuffling gait.
4. Case Study: A 65-year-old female presents with dizziness, a
history of hypertension, and complaints of weakness in her left
arm. Upon assessment, her blood pressure is elevated, and she has
reduced sensation in her left arm.
Question: Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected
in this patient?
A. Spinal cord
B. Cerebellum
C. Cerebrum
D. Brainstem
Answer: C. Cerebrum
Rationale: The patient’s symptoms, including weakness and
sensory changes localized to one side of the body, suggest a
possible cerebrovascular accident (stroke) affecting the cerebrum.
5. Case Study: A 20-year-old female presents with weakness,
dizziness, and palpitations. She is a vegetarian and has a history of
poor dietary habits.
Question: Which deficiency is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Iron deficiency
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Folate deficiency
D. Calcium deficiency
Answer: A. Iron deficiency
, Rationale: Iron deficiency is common in individuals with poor
dietary habits, especially in vegetarians. It leads to anemia,
causing weakness, dizziness, and palpitations.
6. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with increasing
fatigue, jaundice, and dark urine. His history includes heavy
alcohol consumption.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Hepatitis
B. Cirrhosis
C. Pancreatitis
D. Cholecystitis
Answer: B. Cirrhosis
Rationale: Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring of the liver caused
by chronic liver diseases, including alcoholism. Symptoms include
jaundice, dark urine, and fatigue.
7. Case Study: A 60-year-old male presents with a cough, fever,
and pleuritic chest pain. He has a history of smoking.
Question: Which condition is most likely causing these
symptoms?
A. Pneumonia
B. Tuberculosis
C. Bronchitis
D. Lung cancer
Answer: A. Pneumonia
Rationale: Pneumonia is characterized by symptoms such as
cough, fever, and chest pain. Smokers are at an increased risk of
developing pneumonia.
8. Case Study: A 70-year-old female with osteoporosis presents
with a hip fracture after a fall.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her fracture?
