1. Case Study: A 40-year-old male presents with a history of
morning headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria. His lab results
show elevated cortisol levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: B. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol
production, often presents with symptoms like morning
headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria.
2. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison's disease
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Rationale: PCOS is a common endocrine disorder that leads to
irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth (hirsutism), and
acne due to elevated androgen levels.
3. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
,B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
4. Case Study: A 28-year-old male presents with sudden severe
headache, nausea, and vomiting. His blood pressure is elevated,
and there is neck stiffness.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Migraine
B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
C. Tension headache
D. Meningitis
Answer: B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Rationale: A subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with sudden
severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness due to
bleeding in the space around the brain.
5. Case Study: A 40-year-old female complains of burning
sensations in her feet and hands, and she has a history of diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which complication of diabetes is most likely
contributing to this patient’s symptoms?
A. Diabetic neuropathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: A. Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of long-
standing diabetes, leading to symptoms like burning sensations in
, the extremities.
6. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
D. Gout
Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
along with joint pain and fatigue.
7. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
8. Case Study: A 28-year-old female with a family history of
hypertension presents with sudden onset of severe headache,
blurred vision, and nausea.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Migraine
B. Hypertensive crisis
C. Tension headache
morning headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria. His lab results
show elevated cortisol levels.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Addison’s disease
B. Cushing’s syndrome
C. Hyperthyroidism
D. Acromegaly
Answer: B. Cushing’s syndrome
Rationale: Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol
production, often presents with symptoms like morning
headaches, excessive thirst, and polyuria.
2. Case Study: A 32-year-old female presents with irregular
menstrual cycles, hirsutism, and acne.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
B. Hyperthyroidism
C. Addison's disease
D. Cushing's syndrome
Answer: A. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
Rationale: PCOS is a common endocrine disorder that leads to
irregular menstrual cycles, excess hair growth (hirsutism), and
acne due to elevated androgen levels.
3. Case Study: A 30-year-old female with a history of frequent
urination and extreme thirst is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which organ is primarily involved in the regulation of
her blood sugar levels?
A. Pancreas
,B. Liver
C. Kidney
D. Small intestine
Answer: A. Pancreas
Rationale: The pancreas produces insulin, which regulates blood
glucose levels. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin
due to autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
4. Case Study: A 28-year-old male presents with sudden severe
headache, nausea, and vomiting. His blood pressure is elevated,
and there is neck stiffness.
Question: What is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
A. Migraine
B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
C. Tension headache
D. Meningitis
Answer: B. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Rationale: A subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with sudden
severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and neck stiffness due to
bleeding in the space around the brain.
5. Case Study: A 40-year-old female complains of burning
sensations in her feet and hands, and she has a history of diabetes
mellitus.
Question: Which complication of diabetes is most likely
contributing to this patient’s symptoms?
A. Diabetic neuropathy
B. Diabetic nephropathy
C. Diabetic retinopathy
D. Diabetic ketoacidosis
Answer: A. Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of long-
standing diabetes, leading to symptoms like burning sensations in
, the extremities.
6. Case Study: A 30-year-old female presents with joint pain,
fatigue, and a red rash on her cheeks and nose.
Question: What condition is most likely causing her symptoms?
A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Psoriatic arthritis
D. Gout
Answer: A. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Rationale: SLE is an autoimmune disorder that often presents with
a characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose,
along with joint pain and fatigue.
7. Case Study: A 60-year-old female presents with severe joint pain
and redness in her big toe.
Question: What is the most likely cause of her symptoms?
A. Rheumatoid arthritis
B. Osteoarthritis
C. Gout
D. Psoriatic arthritis
Answer: C. Gout
Rationale: Gout is caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints,
most commonly the big toe, leading to sudden and severe pain,
redness, and swelling.
8. Case Study: A 28-year-old female with a family history of
hypertension presents with sudden onset of severe headache,
blurred vision, and nausea.
Question: What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Migraine
B. Hypertensive crisis
C. Tension headache
