First Industrial
Revolution
Primera Revolución
Industrial
In english, 1 and up. En español, 8 en adelante
1) Begin
2) Background
2.1) Other Interpretations.
3) Great Britain
3.1) Demographic Evolution
3.2) The Birth of the “Factory Systeam”
4) The international Trade
5) The Transportation
6) Consequences
7) Changes
8) Inicio
9) Antededentes
11.1) Otras Interpretaciones.
10) Gran Bretaña
12.1) Revolución Demografica
12.2) El Nacimiento del “Factory Systeam”: El Sistema Industrial
11) El comercio Internacional
12) Transportes
13) Consecuencias
14) Cambios
The Frist Industrial Revoluti on
1- The Industrial Revolution was a process of economic, social, and technological
transformation that began in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain and
spread to Western Europe and Anglo-Saxon America, concluding between 1820 and 1840.
It marked the transition from a rural economy based on agriculture to an urban and
industrialized economy, with an unprecedented increase in production and wealth in
history.
, The use of machinery, especially James Watt’s steam engine, boosted the textile industry
and coal mining, as well as the development of transportation such as the railway and
steamboats. This change led to urban growth and the emergence of new social classes,
such as the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, which generated labor conflicts and the rise of
ideologies such as trade unionism, socialism, and communism.
Historians debate its exact dates. While Eric Hobsbawm places it in the 1780s with clear
effects around 1830–1840, Thomas Ashton proposes its beginning between 1760 and
1830. Later, the Second Industrial Revolution continued technological development until
the early 20th century.
Background
2- European industrialization had its roots in the Modern Age, with advances in trade,
banking, and technology since the 16th century. However, epidemics, wars, and famines
limited its development and demographic growth. During the Renaissance, the first
capitalist societies emerged in the Netherlands and northern Italy, laying the foundations
for the future industrial society. By the mid-18th century, Europe began to distance itself
from the rest of the world thanks to the development of heavy industry and mining,
driving a population increase.
The Industrial Revolution represented the transition from an agricultural economy to an
industrial one, based on reason and scientific innovation. A key factor was the need
generated by the Napoleonic Wars, which forced Europe to develop its own industries due
to the interruption of trade. Industrialization occurred in different waves: Great Britain at
the end of the 18th century, followed by Belgium and France in the 19th, then Germany
and the U.S., and later Japan, Russia, Italy, and Spain. Its expansion was favored by the
absence of major wars between 1815 and 1914, the acceptance of capitalism, and
economic stability.
9.1 - Other Interpretations: Some interpretations attribute industrialization to moral and
religious factors. The Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther and John Calvin brought a
change in mindset regarding work and its perception. According to Max Weber,
Protestantism valued work and effort as a virtue, whereas Catholic ethics viewed it as a
punishment for original sin. This would explain the early development of Protestant
countries such as Great Britain, Germany, and the Netherlands, compared to the delay in
Catholic nations like Spain, Portugal, and Italy. However, this theory remains debated.
Great Britain
3- The Industrial Revolution in England was due to a combination of technical, political,
social, and geostrategic factors.
On the technical side, England had abundant coal reserves, a key resource to power the
steam engine and improve ironworking through smelting with coke (a solid fuel obtained
Revolution
Primera Revolución
Industrial
In english, 1 and up. En español, 8 en adelante
1) Begin
2) Background
2.1) Other Interpretations.
3) Great Britain
3.1) Demographic Evolution
3.2) The Birth of the “Factory Systeam”
4) The international Trade
5) The Transportation
6) Consequences
7) Changes
8) Inicio
9) Antededentes
11.1) Otras Interpretaciones.
10) Gran Bretaña
12.1) Revolución Demografica
12.2) El Nacimiento del “Factory Systeam”: El Sistema Industrial
11) El comercio Internacional
12) Transportes
13) Consecuencias
14) Cambios
The Frist Industrial Revoluti on
1- The Industrial Revolution was a process of economic, social, and technological
transformation that began in the second half of the 18th century in Great Britain and
spread to Western Europe and Anglo-Saxon America, concluding between 1820 and 1840.
It marked the transition from a rural economy based on agriculture to an urban and
industrialized economy, with an unprecedented increase in production and wealth in
history.
, The use of machinery, especially James Watt’s steam engine, boosted the textile industry
and coal mining, as well as the development of transportation such as the railway and
steamboats. This change led to urban growth and the emergence of new social classes,
such as the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, which generated labor conflicts and the rise of
ideologies such as trade unionism, socialism, and communism.
Historians debate its exact dates. While Eric Hobsbawm places it in the 1780s with clear
effects around 1830–1840, Thomas Ashton proposes its beginning between 1760 and
1830. Later, the Second Industrial Revolution continued technological development until
the early 20th century.
Background
2- European industrialization had its roots in the Modern Age, with advances in trade,
banking, and technology since the 16th century. However, epidemics, wars, and famines
limited its development and demographic growth. During the Renaissance, the first
capitalist societies emerged in the Netherlands and northern Italy, laying the foundations
for the future industrial society. By the mid-18th century, Europe began to distance itself
from the rest of the world thanks to the development of heavy industry and mining,
driving a population increase.
The Industrial Revolution represented the transition from an agricultural economy to an
industrial one, based on reason and scientific innovation. A key factor was the need
generated by the Napoleonic Wars, which forced Europe to develop its own industries due
to the interruption of trade. Industrialization occurred in different waves: Great Britain at
the end of the 18th century, followed by Belgium and France in the 19th, then Germany
and the U.S., and later Japan, Russia, Italy, and Spain. Its expansion was favored by the
absence of major wars between 1815 and 1914, the acceptance of capitalism, and
economic stability.
9.1 - Other Interpretations: Some interpretations attribute industrialization to moral and
religious factors. The Protestant Reformation of Martin Luther and John Calvin brought a
change in mindset regarding work and its perception. According to Max Weber,
Protestantism valued work and effort as a virtue, whereas Catholic ethics viewed it as a
punishment for original sin. This would explain the early development of Protestant
countries such as Great Britain, Germany, and the Netherlands, compared to the delay in
Catholic nations like Spain, Portugal, and Italy. However, this theory remains debated.
Great Britain
3- The Industrial Revolution in England was due to a combination of technical, political,
social, and geostrategic factors.
On the technical side, England had abundant coal reserves, a key resource to power the
steam engine and improve ironworking through smelting with coke (a solid fuel obtained
