BMS 300 Final Exam UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Aquaporins - CORRECT ANSWER - Channels selective for water
How are triglycerides formed? What kind of bond is formed? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Dehydration Synthesis - water is removed from the hydroxyl group on the 3-carbon glycerol and
the fatty acid side chain's carboxyl end
- This then forms an ester bond
Triglyceride structure - CORRECT ANSWER - 3 ester bonds to 3 fatty acids
Phospholipid Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - - Two fatty acids
- one phosphate head group
What can the head groups on phospholipids be? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Choline
2) Serine
3) Ethanolamine
Micelle - CORRECT ANSWER - Unstable structure, sphere of phospholipids, with
opening in the middle where the tails face
Liposome - CORRECT ANSWER - Very rare, but more stable because there are two
layers of phospholipids with tails facing each other. Water can also go in the middle
Two ends of an Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - C-Terminus: O=C-OH
N-Terminus: H-N-H
,How do we make an amino acid polymer? What kind of bond is formed? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Dehydration synthesis: Peptide bond formed using the hydroxyl group from
one C-terminus and the hydrogen of another N-terminus
Directionality of beta pleated sheets - CORRECT ANSWER - Antiparallel
Directionality of the alpha helices and beta sheets - CORRECT ANSWER - Parallel
How do we distinguish parallel from antiparallel? - CORRECT ANSWER - Normal
amine/COOH ends vs. amine/COOH ends opposite each other
How do proteins fold? - CORRECT ANSWER - They fold in a way so that the
hydrophobic R groups are hidden from water and the hydrophilic R groups are facing the water
Binding Pockets - CORRECT ANSWER - Binding pockets are formed when proteins fold
on the outside of the protein surrounded by hydrophilic R groups
Histones and Nucleosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Spherical proteins, eight histones
assemble themselves into an octomer known as a nucleosome. DNA wraps itself around the
nucleosome, and forms a coil until the DNA molecule is compressed into condensed chromatin
Protein Synthesis on RER (2 main responsibilities) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Secreted
proteins, transmembrane proteins
- Lysosomal proteins
2) Glycosylation (adding sugars
Site of lipid synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Smooth ER
What types of proteins are synthesized on the RER? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Proteins
destined for release from cell (secreted proteins)
, 2) Transmembrane proteins destined to be incorporated into the plasma membrane
3) Lysosomal proteins destined to be sequestered in membrane bounds BAGS celled lysosomes
What kinds of proteins to free ribosomes synthesize? - CORRECT ANSWER - Proteins
destined to be in the cytoplasm
How does a vesicle with transmembrane proteins from the RER --> Golgi fuse with the plasma
membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - Generally a calcium influx, signals and tells the
membrane of the cell and of the vesicle to fuse, and then the protein leaves and goes into the
extracellular space
Macrophage - CORRECT ANSWER - Endocytoses pathogens and guides them to
lysosomes
What does kinesin walk along? What direction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Microtubules
(+) end
What does dynein walk along? What direction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Microtubules (-)
end
What does myosin walk along? What direction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Actin (+) end
What distances do microtubules vs actin go? - CORRECT ANSWER - MT: long distances,
but kinesin and dynein take smaller steps
Actin: short distances, myosin takes bigger steps
Microtubule monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - Tubulin
Filamentous Actin monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - Actin
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Aquaporins - CORRECT ANSWER - Channels selective for water
How are triglycerides formed? What kind of bond is formed? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Dehydration Synthesis - water is removed from the hydroxyl group on the 3-carbon glycerol and
the fatty acid side chain's carboxyl end
- This then forms an ester bond
Triglyceride structure - CORRECT ANSWER - 3 ester bonds to 3 fatty acids
Phospholipid Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - - Two fatty acids
- one phosphate head group
What can the head groups on phospholipids be? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Choline
2) Serine
3) Ethanolamine
Micelle - CORRECT ANSWER - Unstable structure, sphere of phospholipids, with
opening in the middle where the tails face
Liposome - CORRECT ANSWER - Very rare, but more stable because there are two
layers of phospholipids with tails facing each other. Water can also go in the middle
Two ends of an Amino Acid - CORRECT ANSWER - C-Terminus: O=C-OH
N-Terminus: H-N-H
,How do we make an amino acid polymer? What kind of bond is formed? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Dehydration synthesis: Peptide bond formed using the hydroxyl group from
one C-terminus and the hydrogen of another N-terminus
Directionality of beta pleated sheets - CORRECT ANSWER - Antiparallel
Directionality of the alpha helices and beta sheets - CORRECT ANSWER - Parallel
How do we distinguish parallel from antiparallel? - CORRECT ANSWER - Normal
amine/COOH ends vs. amine/COOH ends opposite each other
How do proteins fold? - CORRECT ANSWER - They fold in a way so that the
hydrophobic R groups are hidden from water and the hydrophilic R groups are facing the water
Binding Pockets - CORRECT ANSWER - Binding pockets are formed when proteins fold
on the outside of the protein surrounded by hydrophilic R groups
Histones and Nucleosomes - CORRECT ANSWER - Spherical proteins, eight histones
assemble themselves into an octomer known as a nucleosome. DNA wraps itself around the
nucleosome, and forms a coil until the DNA molecule is compressed into condensed chromatin
Protein Synthesis on RER (2 main responsibilities) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Secreted
proteins, transmembrane proteins
- Lysosomal proteins
2) Glycosylation (adding sugars
Site of lipid synthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - Smooth ER
What types of proteins are synthesized on the RER? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) Proteins
destined for release from cell (secreted proteins)
, 2) Transmembrane proteins destined to be incorporated into the plasma membrane
3) Lysosomal proteins destined to be sequestered in membrane bounds BAGS celled lysosomes
What kinds of proteins to free ribosomes synthesize? - CORRECT ANSWER - Proteins
destined to be in the cytoplasm
How does a vesicle with transmembrane proteins from the RER --> Golgi fuse with the plasma
membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER - Generally a calcium influx, signals and tells the
membrane of the cell and of the vesicle to fuse, and then the protein leaves and goes into the
extracellular space
Macrophage - CORRECT ANSWER - Endocytoses pathogens and guides them to
lysosomes
What does kinesin walk along? What direction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Microtubules
(+) end
What does dynein walk along? What direction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Microtubules (-)
end
What does myosin walk along? What direction? - CORRECT ANSWER - Actin (+) end
What distances do microtubules vs actin go? - CORRECT ANSWER - MT: long distances,
but kinesin and dynein take smaller steps
Actin: short distances, myosin takes bigger steps
Microtubule monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - Tubulin
Filamentous Actin monomer - CORRECT ANSWER - Actin
