TEST BANK
Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology
James D. Mauseth
7th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Introduction to Plants and Botany 1
Chapter 02 Overview of Plant Life 13
Chapter 03 Ethnobotany 23
Chapter 04 Cell Structure 33
Chapter 05 Growth and Division of the Cell 43
Chapter 06 Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems 53
Chapter 07 Leaves 64
Chapter 08 Roots 75
Chapter 09 Structure of Woody Plants 86
Chapter 10 Flowers and Reproduction 97
Chapter 11 Energy Metabolism Photosynthesis 108
Chapter 12 Energy Metabolism Respiration 118
Chapter 13 Transport Processes 128
Chapter 14 Soils and Mineral Nutrition 139
Chapter 15 Development and Morphogenesis 149
Chapter 16 Genes and the Genetic Basis of Metabolism and Development 159
Chapter 17 Genetics 170
Chapter 18 Population Genetics and Evolution 181
Chapter 19 Classification and Systematics 191
Chapter 20 Algae and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells 201
Chapter 21 Nonvascular Plants-Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts 211
Chapter 22 Vascular Plants Without Seeds 222
Chapter 23 Seed Plants I-Gymnosperms 232
Chapter 24 Seed Plants II-Angiosperms 243
Chapter 25 Populations and Ecosystems 254
Chapter 26 Community Ecology 265
Chapter 27 Biomes 276
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Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
CHAPTER 1—Introduction to Plants and Botany
Multiple Choice
1. Rose plants often get black spots on their leaves. This is an:
A) observation.
B) hypothesis.
C) theory.
D) law.
E) explanation.
<Answer: A>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
2. Scientists can use the scientific method to study all of the following except:
A) how a plant produces sugars.
B) the interpretation of a painting.
C) the chemical composition of paint.
D) how an ecosystem functions.
E) what makes chili peppers hot.
<Answer: B>
<A-head: Areas Where the Scientific Method Is Inappropriate>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
3. Which of the following is not part of the scientific method?
A) Explaining phenomena controlled by unknowable forces
B) Testing of all proposed explanations
C) Controlled experiments
D) Explaining observable phenomena
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Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
E) Carefully documented observations
<Answer: A>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
4. Which of the following is the probable sequence in which organisms evolved?
A) Prokaryotic bacteria → eukaryotic algae → cyanobacteria → land plants
B) Eukaryotic bacteria → cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants
C) Cyanobacteria → prokaryotic bacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants
D) Cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → prokaryotic bacteria → land plants
E) Prokaryotic bacteria → cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants
<Answer: E>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
5. The first organisms to evolve have been dated at about:
A) 3.5 billion years and were much like present-day bacteria.
B) 2.8 billion years and were photosynthetic like present-day cyanobacteria.
C) 3.5 billion years and had a nucleus.
D) 1.5 billion years and were terrestrial.
E) 3.5 billion years and possessed organelles which had specialized functions.
<Answer: A>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
6. All of the following contribute to carbon dioxide additions to the atmosphere except:
A) animals, fungi, and bacteria, which produce carbon dioxide as a by-product of respiration.
B) burning wood, coal, natural gas, and other fossil fuels.
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Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
C) volcanic eruptions.
D) formation of calcium carbonate algal shells.
E) magma eruptions at mid-ocean ridges.
<Answer: D>
<A-head: Concepts>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
7. Which of the following adaptations enable evergreen species to survive the physiological
drought that occurs during freezing winter months?
A) The aboveground shoot system dies while maintaining a viable subterranean system.
B) The leaves are shed.
C) The leaves have extra thick cuticles.
D) The subterranean root system goes dormant.
E) The bark is shed.
<Answer: C>
<A-head: Diversity of Plant Adaptations>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
8. The population of grass plants growing in an open field:
A) share identical genetic information.
B) carry out a metabolism that is uniquely biological and unrelated to the laws of physics and
chemistry.
C) are adapted to grow and reproduce in the conditions of the open field.
D) have well protected fibrous leaves that are no longer capable of photosynthesis.
E) lack a means of storing and using information.
<Answer: C>
<A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
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Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
9. Which of the following is a logical question to ask concerning the biological phenomena that
roots absorb water?
A) Do plants have sources of energy other than sunlight?
B) Do plants create carbohydrate reserves in their root systems?
C) Do plants have alternative pathways by which water can be absorbed?
D) Are roots fibrous and tough in order to be unpalatable to insects?
E) Are some leaf modifications intended to trap insects as a source of nutrition?
<Answer: C>
<A-head: Plants versus the Study of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
10. All plants have a scientific name consisting of:
A) a minimum of three descriptive adjectives.
B) the family name and genus name.
C) the phylum name and a specific epithet.
D) the genus name and a specific epithet.
E) the species name and subspecies name.
<Answer: D>
<A-head: Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
11. Derived features that have evolved more recently from ancestral features are known as:
A) plesiomorphic
B) apomorphic
C) eukaryotic
D)prokaryotic
<Answer: B>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
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Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
12. Which of the following phrases is the correct description of a scientific theory?
A) A hypothesis that has been proven over and over again and becomes generally accepted as
truth
B) An educated statement that makes a prediction that can be tested
C) logical explanations for simple observations without verification
D) the principle of never being certain of a conclusion and always being willing to consider new
evidence.
E) assuming that processes or structures have a purpose
<Answer: A>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
True/False
13. The scientific method can, ultimately, explain any concept.
<Answer: False>
<A-head: Areas Where the Scientific Method Is Inappropriate>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
14. At one time, fungi were classified as plants.
<Answer: True>
<A-head: Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
15. The idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent, prokaryotic
organisms is now a law.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
<Answer: False>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
16. Eukaryotes with mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved into algae and plants.
<Answer: True>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
17. The principles of chemistry and physics apply only to nonliving things, not to plants.
<Answer: False>
<A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
Fill-in-the-Blank
18. When new features arise through mutation, _____________________ is the process by
which the new features are eliminated from the population or passed on to future generations.
<Answer: natural selection>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
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Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
19. In contrast to most observations, which are reasonably accurate and trustworthy,
_____________________ are human constructs based on observations, intuition, and
expectations.
<Answer: interpretations>
<A-head: Plants versus the Study of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
20. Assuming that plants have human characters such as decision-making capabilities is called
_____________________.
<Answer: anthropomorphism>
<A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
21. Numerous scientific studies have shown that all plants are composed of cells. This statement
is an example of a well-supported _____________________.
<Answer: theory>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
22. A key evolutionary step in the history of life occurred when the DNA was packaged within
its own nucleus, creating a group of organisms called _____________________.
<Answer: eukaryotes>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
Matching
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, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
23. Match the following terms with their examples.
A) Logical extension of an observation without verification
<Answer: Speculative philosophy>
B) Creation of species by God
<Answer: Religious system>
C) Complex reactions of photosynthesis were developed by a wise creator
<Answer: Intelligent design>
D) Investigates a testable hypothesis
<Answer: Scientific method>
E) Willingness to consider new evidence that is not in support of an established theory
<Answer: Skepticism>
[F] Mountains erode over time but the law of gravity is invariable
<Answer: Constancy and universality>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
24. Match the following terms with their definitions or examples.
A) Three groups into which all organisms are classified.
<Answer: Domains>
B) Bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaeans
<Answer: Prokaryotes>
C) Cells with nuclei
<Answer: Eukaryotes>
D) Protozoans, fungi, and animals
<Answer: Eukaryotic cells without chloroplasts>
E) Protists
<Answer: Eukaryotic cells with chloroplasts>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
Essay
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Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology
James D. Mauseth
7th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Introduction to Plants and Botany 1
Chapter 02 Overview of Plant Life 13
Chapter 03 Ethnobotany 23
Chapter 04 Cell Structure 33
Chapter 05 Growth and Division of the Cell 43
Chapter 06 Tissues and the Primary Growth of Stems 53
Chapter 07 Leaves 64
Chapter 08 Roots 75
Chapter 09 Structure of Woody Plants 86
Chapter 10 Flowers and Reproduction 97
Chapter 11 Energy Metabolism Photosynthesis 108
Chapter 12 Energy Metabolism Respiration 118
Chapter 13 Transport Processes 128
Chapter 14 Soils and Mineral Nutrition 139
Chapter 15 Development and Morphogenesis 149
Chapter 16 Genes and the Genetic Basis of Metabolism and Development 159
Chapter 17 Genetics 170
Chapter 18 Population Genetics and Evolution 181
Chapter 19 Classification and Systematics 191
Chapter 20 Algae and the Origin of Eukaryotic Cells 201
Chapter 21 Nonvascular Plants-Mosses, Liverworts, and Hornworts 211
Chapter 22 Vascular Plants Without Seeds 222
Chapter 23 Seed Plants I-Gymnosperms 232
Chapter 24 Seed Plants II-Angiosperms 243
Chapter 25 Populations and Ecosystems 254
Chapter 26 Community Ecology 265
Chapter 27 Biomes 276
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
CHAPTER 1—Introduction to Plants and Botany
Multiple Choice
1. Rose plants often get black spots on their leaves. This is an:
A) observation.
B) hypothesis.
C) theory.
D) law.
E) explanation.
<Answer: A>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
2. Scientists can use the scientific method to study all of the following except:
A) how a plant produces sugars.
B) the interpretation of a painting.
C) the chemical composition of paint.
D) how an ecosystem functions.
E) what makes chili peppers hot.
<Answer: B>
<A-head: Areas Where the Scientific Method Is Inappropriate>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
3. Which of the following is not part of the scientific method?
A) Explaining phenomena controlled by unknowable forces
B) Testing of all proposed explanations
C) Controlled experiments
D) Explaining observable phenomena
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
E) Carefully documented observations
<Answer: A>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
4. Which of the following is the probable sequence in which organisms evolved?
A) Prokaryotic bacteria → eukaryotic algae → cyanobacteria → land plants
B) Eukaryotic bacteria → cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants
C) Cyanobacteria → prokaryotic bacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants
D) Cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → prokaryotic bacteria → land plants
E) Prokaryotic bacteria → cyanobacteria → eukaryotic algae → land plants
<Answer: E>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
5. The first organisms to evolve have been dated at about:
A) 3.5 billion years and were much like present-day bacteria.
B) 2.8 billion years and were photosynthetic like present-day cyanobacteria.
C) 3.5 billion years and had a nucleus.
D) 1.5 billion years and were terrestrial.
E) 3.5 billion years and possessed organelles which had specialized functions.
<Answer: A>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
6. All of the following contribute to carbon dioxide additions to the atmosphere except:
A) animals, fungi, and bacteria, which produce carbon dioxide as a by-product of respiration.
B) burning wood, coal, natural gas, and other fossil fuels.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
C) volcanic eruptions.
D) formation of calcium carbonate algal shells.
E) magma eruptions at mid-ocean ridges.
<Answer: D>
<A-head: Concepts>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
7. Which of the following adaptations enable evergreen species to survive the physiological
drought that occurs during freezing winter months?
A) The aboveground shoot system dies while maintaining a viable subterranean system.
B) The leaves are shed.
C) The leaves have extra thick cuticles.
D) The subterranean root system goes dormant.
E) The bark is shed.
<Answer: C>
<A-head: Diversity of Plant Adaptations>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
8. The population of grass plants growing in an open field:
A) share identical genetic information.
B) carry out a metabolism that is uniquely biological and unrelated to the laws of physics and
chemistry.
C) are adapted to grow and reproduce in the conditions of the open field.
D) have well protected fibrous leaves that are no longer capable of photosynthesis.
E) lack a means of storing and using information.
<Answer: C>
<A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
9. Which of the following is a logical question to ask concerning the biological phenomena that
roots absorb water?
A) Do plants have sources of energy other than sunlight?
B) Do plants create carbohydrate reserves in their root systems?
C) Do plants have alternative pathways by which water can be absorbed?
D) Are roots fibrous and tough in order to be unpalatable to insects?
E) Are some leaf modifications intended to trap insects as a source of nutrition?
<Answer: C>
<A-head: Plants versus the Study of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
10. All plants have a scientific name consisting of:
A) a minimum of three descriptive adjectives.
B) the family name and genus name.
C) the phylum name and a specific epithet.
D) the genus name and a specific epithet.
E) the species name and subspecies name.
<Answer: D>
<A-head: Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
11. Derived features that have evolved more recently from ancestral features are known as:
A) plesiomorphic
B) apomorphic
C) eukaryotic
D)prokaryotic
<Answer: B>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
12. Which of the following phrases is the correct description of a scientific theory?
A) A hypothesis that has been proven over and over again and becomes generally accepted as
truth
B) An educated statement that makes a prediction that can be tested
C) logical explanations for simple observations without verification
D) the principle of never being certain of a conclusion and always being willing to consider new
evidence.
E) assuming that processes or structures have a purpose
<Answer: A>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
True/False
13. The scientific method can, ultimately, explain any concept.
<Answer: False>
<A-head: Areas Where the Scientific Method Is Inappropriate>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
14. At one time, fungi were classified as plants.
<Answer: True>
<A-head: Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
15. The idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as independent, prokaryotic
organisms is now a law.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
<Answer: False>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
16. Eukaryotes with mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved into algae and plants.
<Answer: True>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
17. The principles of chemistry and physics apply only to nonliving things, not to plants.
<Answer: False>
<A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
Fill-in-the-Blank
18. When new features arise through mutation, _____________________ is the process by
which the new features are eliminated from the population or passed on to future generations.
<Answer: natural selection>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
19. In contrast to most observations, which are reasonably accurate and trustworthy,
_____________________ are human constructs based on observations, intuition, and
expectations.
<Answer: interpretations>
<A-head: Plants versus the Study of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
20. Assuming that plants have human characters such as decision-making capabilities is called
_____________________.
<Answer: anthropomorphism>
<A-head: Using Concepts to Understand Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
21. Numerous scientific studies have shown that all plants are composed of cells. This statement
is an example of a well-supported _____________________.
<Answer: theory>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
22. A key evolutionary step in the history of life occurred when the DNA was packaged within
its own nucleus, creating a group of organisms called _____________________.
<Answer: eukaryotes>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Easy>
<Taxonomy: Recall>
Matching
______________________________________________________________________________________________
7|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology, 7th Edition (Mauseth, 2021)
23. Match the following terms with their examples.
A) Logical extension of an observation without verification
<Answer: Speculative philosophy>
B) Creation of species by God
<Answer: Religious system>
C) Complex reactions of photosynthesis were developed by a wise creator
<Answer: Intelligent design>
D) Investigates a testable hypothesis
<Answer: Scientific method>
E) Willingness to consider new evidence that is not in support of an established theory
<Answer: Skepticism>
[F] Mountains erode over time but the law of gravity is invariable
<Answer: Constancy and universality>
<A-head: Scientific Method>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Difficult>
<Taxonomy: Analysis>
24. Match the following terms with their definitions or examples.
A) Three groups into which all organisms are classified.
<Answer: Domains>
B) Bacteria, cyanobacteria, and archaeans
<Answer: Prokaryotes>
C) Cells with nuclei
<Answer: Eukaryotes>
D) Protozoans, fungi, and animals
<Answer: Eukaryotic cells without chloroplasts>
E) Protists
<Answer: Eukaryotic cells with chloroplasts>
<A-head: Origin and Evolution of Plants>
<Subject: Chapter 1>
<Complexity: Moderate>
<Taxonomy: Application>
Essay
______________________________________________________________________________________________
8|Page
